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Large-Momentum Effective Theory
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Large-Momentum Effective Theory
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Since the parton model was introduced by Feynman more than fifty years ago, we have learned much about the partonic structure of the proton through a large body of high-energy experimental data and dedicated global fits. However, calculating the partonic observables such as parton distribution function (PDFs) from the fundamental theory of strong interactions, QCD, has made limited progress. Recently, the authors have advocated a formalism, large-momentum effective theory (LaMET), through which one can extract parton physics from the properties of the proton travelling at a moderate boost-factor, e.g., $\gamma\sim (2-5)$. The key observation behind this approach is that Lorentz symmetry allows the standard formalism of partons in terms of light-front operators to be replaced by an equivalent one with large-momentum states and time-independent operators of a universality class. With LaMET, the PDFs, generalized PDFs or GPDs, transverse-momentum-dependent PDFs, and light-front wave functions can all be extracted in principle from lattice simulations of QCD (or other non-perturbative methods) through standard effective field theory matching and running. Future lattice QCD calculations with exa-scale computational facilities can help to understand the experimental data related to the hadronic structure, including those from the upcoming Electron-Ion Colliders dedicated to exploring the partonic landscape of the proton. Here we review the progress made in the past few years in development of the LaMET formalism and its applications, particularly on the demonstration of its effectiveness from initial lattice QCD simulations.
Forward citations
Cited by 21 Pith papers
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Reconstructing the full kinematic dependence of GPDs from pseudo-distributions
Lattice QCD pseudo-distributions at m_π=358 MeV are inverted via multidimensional Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the full kinematic dependence of GPDs H^{u-d} and E^{u-d} while directly extracting double d...
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First constraints on the nonperturbative gluon Collins-Soper kernel
First lattice-QCD constraints on the nonperturbative gluon Collins-Soper kernel are obtained at near-physical pion mass with uNNLL LaMET matching on a single a=0.15 fm ensemble.
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Pion Distribution Amplitudes from Functional QCD
fRG-based functional QCD plus LaMET yields a saturated pion quasi-DA at Pz=4.5 GeV and a second moment ⟨ξ²⟩π=0.267, smaller than lattice-LaMET and consistent with other nonperturbative methods.
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The Collins-Soper kernel from a vacuum soft function
The Collins-Soper kernel is extracted from lattice computations of a vacuum soft function, showing rapidity dependence consistent with Collins-Soper evolution, comparable errors to hadronic methods, and saturation at ...
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Quasi Parton Distribution Functions in Covariant Quark Models
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momen...
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Elastic and resonance structures of the nucleon from hadronic tensor in lattice QCD: implications for neutrino-nucleon scattering and hadron physics
Lattice QCD computation of hadronic tensor yields consistent nucleon Sachs electric form factor and extracts transition form factors to the Roper resonance region for inclusive cross sections.
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Exclusive Quark and Gluon Dijet Production as Probes of GPDs at Collider Energies
Exclusive dijet electroproduction probes GPDs via new LO amplitudes for quark (with helicity and QED) and gluon channels, with HERA comparison and EIC projections.
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Quantum Simulation of Generalized Parton Distributions in the Schwinger Model
Quantum algorithm for GPDs in Schwinger model using Wilson fermions, with polynomial resource scaling and exact-diagonalization benchmarks matching theory.
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Mellin Moments of the Unpolarized Gluon PDF in the Proton from Nonlocal Operators in Lattice QCD
Lattice QCD extracts the ratio of the third to first Mellin moment of the gluon PDF at 2 GeV from nonlocal operators on an Nf=2+1+1 ensemble.
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Generalized parton distributions of valence, sea, and gluon components of the proton
Using basis light-front quantization wave functions, the authors calculate GPDs for proton components at low resolution scale and obtain results qualitatively similar to but smaller than the GUMP1.0 global extraction.
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Multivariable Painleve'-II equation: connection formulas for asymptotic solutions
Asymptotically exact WKB connection formulas for a multivariable Painlevé-II system are obtained via the Demkov–Osherov model and used to scale excitations in vacuum decay.
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Exclusive Quark and Gluon Dijet Production as Probes of GPDs at Collider Energies
Exclusive quark and gluon dijet electroproduction is analyzed in collinear factorization as a GPD probe, extending prior work with helicity GPDs and an electromagnetic channel, with HERA comparisons and EIC projections.
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Disentangling Scheme Dependence in Quasi-PDFs with a Transverse-Momentum Cutoff
In the minimal TMC scheme, one-loop nonsinglet quasi-PDFs separate into explicit cutoff (and boundary UV) counterterms plus a remainder that carries the collinear IR pole and finite matching kernel.
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Gluon mass and small-x dynamics in hadrons
Introduces a gluon mass and auxiliary scalar field to cancel small-x divergences in the front-form QCD Hamiltonian, yielding confinement for heavy quarks as the mass parameter is sent to zero.
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Constraining DVCS Compton Form Factors Using Lattice QCD informed Neural Network
A neural network framework informed by lattice QCD uses all-order dispersion relations to significantly constrain both real and imaginary parts of Compton Form Factors extracted from DVCS proton data.
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Kaon Distribution Amplitudes from Euclidean Functional QCD
Kaon DA is single-peaked and asymmetric with moments ⟨ξ⟩_K = 0.020(3) and ⟨ξ²⟩_K = 0.253(12) after 1/P_z² and 1/P_z⁴ extrapolation of the quasi-DA.
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Pion and Kaon PDFs from Lattice QCD via Large Momentum Effective Theory and Short-Distance Factorization
Lattice QCD calculation of pion and kaon unpolarized quark PDFs on a 32^3×64 ensemble with 260 MeV pion mass, using LaMET and SDF matching at boosts up to 2.07 GeV.
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Proton's isovector PDF with updated analysis of large-momentum lattice data
Reanalysis of lattice data produces proton u(x)-d(x) PDF consistent with global fits within 1 sigma, supporting large-momentum expansion for PDF predictions.
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Kinematic enhancement for nucleon interpolators
Kinematically enhanced nucleon interpolators improve precision of renormalized quark matrix elements by an order of magnitude at 2.5 GeV with no observed lattice spacing dependence on CLS ensembles.
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Compton Form Factor Extraction using Quantum Deep Neural Networks
Quantum-inspired deep neural networks extract Compton form factors from JLab data with higher predictive accuracy and tighter uncertainties than classical DNNs on pseudodata benchmarks, then applied to real measurements.
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Hadron Structure from lattice QCD in the context of the Electron-Ion Collider
Lattice QCD now delivers high-precision results on hadron internal structure that directly support the scientific program of the Electron-Ion Collider.
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