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arxiv: 2001.01761 · v3 · pith:7PTWD6DLnew · submitted 2020-01-06 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE · gr-qc

GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass sim 3.4 M_(odot)

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration: B. P. Abbott , R. Abbott , T. D. Abbott , S. Abraham , F. Acernese , K. Ackley , C. Adams
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Chakravarti S. J. Chamberlin M. Chan S. Chao P. Charlton E. A. Chase E. Chassande-Mottin D. Chatterjee M. Chaturvedi K. Chatziioannou B. D. Cheeseboro H. Y. Chen X. Chen Y. Chen H.-P. Cheng C. K. Cheong H. Y. Chia F. Chiadini A. Chincarini A. Chiummo G. Cho H. S. Cho M. Cho N. Christensen Q. Chu S. Chua K. W. Chung S. Chung G. Ciani M. Cie{\'s}lar A. A. Ciobanu R. Ciolfi F. Cipriano A. Cirone F. Clara J. A. Clark P. Clearwater F. Cleva E. Coccia P.-F. Cohadon D. Cohen M. Colleoni C. G. Collette C. Collins M. Colpi L. R. Cominsky M. Constancio Jr. L. Conti S. J. Cooper P. Corban T. R. Corbitt I. Cordero-Carri\'on S. Corezzi K. R. Corley N. Cornish D. Corre A. Corsi S. Cortese C. A. Costa R. Cotesta M. W. Coughlin S. B. Coughlin J.-P. Coulon S. T. Countryman P. Couvares P. B. Covas E. E. Cowan D. M. Coward M. J. Cowart D. C. Coyne R. Coyne J. D. E. Creighton T. D. Creighton J. Cripe M. Croquette S. G. Crowder T. J. Cullen A. Cumming L. Cunningham E. Cuoco T. Dal Canton G. D\'alya B. D'Angelo S. L. Danilishin S. D'Antonio K. Danzmann A. Dasgupta C. F. Da Silva Costa L. E. H. Datrier V. Dattilo I. Dave M. Davier D. Davis E. J. Daw D. DeBra M. Deenadayalan J. Degallaix M. De Laurentis S. Del\'eglise N. De Lillo W. Del Pozzo L. M. DeMarchi N. Demos T. Dent R. De Pietri R. De Rosa C. De Rossi R. DeSalvo O. de Varona S. Dhurandhar M. C. D\'iaz T. Dietrich L. Di Fiore C. DiFronzo C. Di Giorgio F. Di Giovanni M. Di Giovanni T. Di Girolamo A. Di Lieto B. Ding S. Di Pace I. Di Palma F. Di Renzo A. K. Divakarla A. Dmitriev Z. Doctor F. Donovan K. L. Dooley S. Doravari I. Dorrington T. P. Downes M. Drago J. C. Driggers Z. Du J.-G. Ducoin R. Dudi P. Dupej O. Durante S. E. Dwyer P. J. Easter G. Eddolls T. B. Edo A. Effler P. Ehrens J. Eichholz S. S. Eikenberry M. Eisenmann R. A. Eisenstein L. Errico R. C. Essick H. Estelles D. Estevez Z. B. Etienne T. Etzel M. Evans T. M. Evans V. Fafone S. Fairhurst X. Fan S. Farinon B. Farr W. M. Farr E. J. Fauchon-Jones M. Favata M. Fays M. Fazio C. Fee J. Feicht M. M. Fejer F. Feng A. Fernandez-Galiana I. Ferrante E. C. Ferreira T. A. Ferreira F. Fidecaro I. Fiori D. Fiorucci M. Fishbach R. P. Fisher J. M. Fishner R. Fittipaldi M. Fitz-Axen V. Fiumara R. Flaminio M. Fletcher E. Floden E. Flynn H. Fong J. A. Font P. W. F. Forsyth J.-D. Fournier Francisco Hernandez Vivanco S. Frasca F. Frasconi Z. Frei A. Freise R. Frey V. Frey P. Fritschel V. V. Frolov G. Fronz\`e P. Fulda M. Fyffe H. A. Gabbard B. U. Gadre S. M. Gaebel J. R. Gair R. Gamba L. Gammaitoni S. G. Gaonkar C. Garc\'ia-Quir\'os F. Garufi B. Gateley S. Gaudio G. Gaur V. Gayathri G. Gemme E. Genin A. Gennai D. George J. George R. George L. Gergely S. Ghonge Abhirup Ghosh Archisman Ghosh S. Ghosh B. Giacomazzo J. A. Giaime K. D. Giardina D. R. Gibson K. Gill L. Glover J. Gniesmer P. Godwin E. Goetz R. Goetz B. Goncharov G. Gonz\'alez J. M. Gonzalez Castro A. Gopakumar S. E. Gossan M. Gosselin R. Gouaty B. Grace A. Grado M. Granata A. Grant S. Gras P. Grassia C. Gray R. Gray G. Greco A. C. Green R. Green E. M. Gretarsson A. Grimaldi S. J. Grimm P. Groot H. Grote S. Grunewald P. Gruning G. M. Guidi H. K. Gulati Y. Guo A. Gupta Anchal Gupta P. Gupta E. K. Gustafson R. Gustafson L. Haegel O. Halim B. R. Hall E. D. Hall E. Z. Hamilton G. Hammond M. Haney M. M. Hanke J. Hanks C. Hanna M. D. Hannam O. A. Hannuksela T. J. Hansen J. Hanson T. Harder T. Hardwick K. Haris J. Harms G. M. Harry I. W. Harry R. K. Hasskew C. J. Haster K. Haughian F. J. Hayes J. Healy A. Heidmann M. C. Heintze H. Heitmann F. Hellman P. Hello G. Hemming M. Hendry I. S. Heng J. Hennig M. Heurs S. Hild T. Hinderer W. C. G. Ho S. Hochheim D. Hofman A. M. Holgado N. A. Holland K. Holt D. E. Holz P. Hopkins C. Horst J. Hough E. J. Howell C. G. Hoy Y. Huang M. T. H\"ubner E. A. Huerta D. Huet B. Hughey V. Hui S. Husa S. H. Huttner T. Huynh-Dinh B. Idzkowski A. Iess H. Inchauspe C. Ingram R. Inta G. Intini B. Irwin H. N. Isa J.-M. Isac M. Isi B. R. Iyer T. Jacqmin S. J. Jadhav K. Jani N. N. Janthalur P. Jaranowski D. Jariwala A. C. Jenkins J. Jiang D. S. Johnson N. K. Johnson-McDaniel A. W. Jones D. I. Jones J. D. Jones R. Jones R. J. G. Jonker L. Ju J. Junker C. V. Kalaghatgi V. Kalogera B. Kamai S. Kandhasamy G. Kang J. B. Kanner S. J. Kapadia S. Karki R. Kashyap M. Kasprzack W. Kastaun S. Katsanevas E. Katsavounidis W. Katzman S. Kaufer K. Kawabe N. V. Keerthana F. K\'ef\'elian D. Keitel R. Kennedy J. S. Key F. Y. Khalili I. Khan S. Khan E. A. Khazanov N. Khetan M. Khursheed N. Kijbunchoo Chunglee Kim J. C. Kim K. Kim W. Kim W. S. Kim Y.-M. Kim C. Kimball P. J. King M. Kinley-Hanlon R. Kirchhoff J. S. Kissel L. Kleybolte J. H. Klika S. Klimenko T. D. Knowles P. Koch S. M. Koehlenbeck G. Koekoek S. Koley V. Kondrashov A. Kontos N. Koper M. Korobko W. Z. Korth M. Kovalam D. B. Kozak C. Kr\"amer V. Kringel N. Krishnendu A. Kr\'olak N. Krupinski G. Kuehn A. Kumar P. Kumar Rahul Kumar Rakesh Kumar L. Kuo A. Kutynia S. Kwang B. D. Lackey D. Laghi K. H. Lai T. L. Lam M. Landry P. Landry B. B. Lane R. N. Lang J. Lange B. Lantz R. K. Lanza A. Lartaux-Vollard P. D. Lasky M. Laxen A. Lazzarini C. Lazzaro P. Leaci S. Leavey Y. K. Lecoeuche C. H. Lee H. K. Lee H. M. Lee H. W. Lee J. Lee K. Lee J. Lehmann A. K. Lenon N. Leroy N. Letendre Y. Levin A. Li J. Li K. J. L. Li T. G. F. Li X. Li F. Lin F. Linde S. D. Linker T. B. Littenberg J. Liu X. Liu M. Llorens-Monteagudo R. K. L. Lo L. T. London A. Longo M. Lorenzini V. Loriette M. Lormand G. Losurdo J. D. Lough C. O. Lousto G. Lovelace M. E. Lower J. F. Lucaccioni H. L\"uck D. Lumaca A. P. Lundgren R. Lynch Y. Ma R. Macas S. Macfoy M. MacInnis D. M. Macleod A. Macquet I. Maga\~na Hernandez F. Maga\~na-Sandoval R. M. Magee E. Majorana I. Maksimovic A. Malik N. Man V. Mandic V. Mangano G. L. Mansell M. Manske M. Mantovani M. Mapelli F. Marchesoni F. Marion S. M\'arka Z. M\'arka C. Markakis A. S. Markosyan A. Markowitz E. Maros A. Marquina S. Marsat F. Martelli I. W. Martin R. M. Martin V. Martinez D. V. Martynov H. Masalehdan K. Mason E. Massera A. Masserot T. J. Massinger M. Masso-Reid S. Mastrogiovanni A. Matas F. Matichard L. Matone N. Mavalvala J. J. McCann R. McCarthy D. E. McClelland S. McCormick L. McCuller S. C. McGuire C. McIsaac J. McIver D. J. McManus T. McRae S. T. McWilliams D. Meacher G. D. Meadors M. Mehmet A. K. Mehta J. Meidam E. Mejuto Villa A. Melatos G. Mendell R. A. Mercer L. Mereni K. Merfeld E. L. Merilh M. Merzougui S. Meshkov C. Messenger C. Messick F. Messina R. Metzdorff P. M. Meyers F. Meylahn A. Miani H. Miao C. Michel H. Middleton L. Milano A. L. Miller M. Millhouse J. C. Mills M. C. Milovich-Goff O. Minazzoli Y. Minenkov A. Mishkin C. Mishra T. Mistry S. Mitra V. P. Mitrofanov G. Mitselmakher R. Mittleman G. Mo D. Moffa K. Mogushi S. R. P. Mohapatra M. Molina-Ruiz M. Mondin M. Montani C. J. Moore D. Moraru F. Morawski G. Moreno S. Morisaki B. Mours C. M. Mow-Lowry F. Muciaccia Arunava Mukherjee D. Mukherjee S. Mukherjee Subroto Mukherjee N. Mukund A. Mullavey J. Munch E. A. Mu\~niz M. Muratore P. G. Murray A. Nagar I. Nardecchia L. Naticchioni R. K. Nayak B. F. Neil J. Neilson G. Nelemans T. J. N. Nelson M. Nery A. Neunzert L. Nevin K. Y. Ng S. Ng C. Nguyen P. Nguyen D. Nichols S. A. Nichols S. Nissanke F. Nocera C. North L. K. Nuttall M. Obergaulinger J. Oberling B. D. O'Brien G. Oganesyan G. H. Ogin J. J. Oh S. H. Oh F. Ohme H. Ohta M. A. Okada M. Oliver P. Oppermann Richard J. Oram B. O'Reilly R. G. Ormiston L. F. Ortega R. O'Shaughnessy S. Ossokine D. J. Ottaway H. Overmier B. J. Owen A. E. Pace G. Pagano M. A. Page G. Pagliaroli A. Pai S. A. Pai J. R. Palamos O. Palashov C. Palomba H. Pan P. K. Panda P. T. H. Pang C. Pankow F. Pannarale B. C. Pant F. Paoletti A. Paoli A. Parida W. Parker D. Pascucci A. Pasqualetti R. Passaquieti D. Passuello M. Patil B. Patricelli E. Payne B. L. Pearlstone T. C. Pechsiri A. J. Pedersen M. Pedraza R. Pedurand A. Pele S. Penn A. Perego C. J. Perez C. P\'erigois A. Perreca J. Petermann H. P. 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Zhou Z. Zhou X. J. Zhu A. B. Zimmerman M. E. Zucker J. Zweizig
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On 2019 April 25, the LIGO Livingston detector observed a compact binary coalescence with signal-to-noise ratio 12.9. The Virgo detector was also taking data that did not contribute to detection due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, but were used for subsequent parameter estimation. The 90% credible intervals for the component masses range from 1.12 to 2.52 $M_{\odot}$ (1.45 to 1.88 $M_{\odot}$ if we restrict the dimensionless component spin magnitudes to be smaller than 0.05). These mass parameters are consistent with the individual binary components being neutron stars. However, both the source-frame chirp mass $1.44^{+0.02}_{-0.02} M_{\odot}$ and the total mass $3.4^{+0.3}_{-0.1}\,M_{\odot}$ of this system are significantly larger than those of any other known binary neutron star system. The possibility that one or both binary components of the system are black holes cannot be ruled out from gravitational-wave data. We discuss possible origins of the system based on its inconsistency with the known Galactic binary neutron star population. Under the assumption that the signal was produced by a binary neutron star coalescence, the local rate of neutron star mergers is updated to $250-2810 \text{Gpc}^{-3}\text{yr}^{-1}$.

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  18. Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

    gr-qc 2020-10 accept novelty 5.0

    No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.

  19. Periodic Timelike Motion and Gravitational Wave Signatures around a Magnetically Charged Black Hole Surrounded by Quintessence

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Quintessence shifts orbital radii, turning points, and zoom-whirl parameters for timelike geodesics around a magnetically charged black hole, producing burst-like gravitational waveforms whose phase, timing, and milli...

  20. Hybrid stars with hyperons: structure based on QCD sum rule coupling constants

    nucl-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Hybrid star EOS constructed from QCDSR couplings in RMF hadronic model and bag/NJL quark models with Gibbs/Maxwell transitions yields mass-radius and tidal deformability predictions.

  21. Sensitivity of the Neutron Star Equation of State Inferences to Mass and Radius Measurements

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Theoretical inputs and the 2 solar mass lower limit dominate neutron star equation of state constraints across most densities, while radius data refines low densities and higher masses affect wider ranges.

  22. Diagnosing the Properties and Evolutionary Fates of Black Hole and Wolf-Rayet X-ray Binaries as Potential Gravitational Wave Sources for the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Network

    astro-ph.HE 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    MESA binary evolution simulations with revised Bondi-Hoyle accretion efficiency and observational constraints yield lower BH mass upper limits for IC 10 X-1 and NGC 300 X-1 and predict Hubble-time BBH mergers for all ...

  23. Equation of State Extrapolation Systematics: Parametric vs. Nonparametric Inference of Neutron Star Structure

    astro-ph.HE 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Nonparametric GP-based high-density extensions yield softer EOS posteriors with larger uncertainties than parametric PP extensions when jointly constrained by multi-messenger neutron star observations.

  24. Inferring neutron star properties through gravitational waves from r-modes and their relativistic counterparts

    astro-ph.HE 2024-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Two inference frameworks are developed for neutron star properties from r-mode gravitational waves, one assuming electromagnetic distance and the other estimating distance via universal relations plus an assumed equat...

  25. GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

    gr-qc 2021-08 accept novelty 4.0

    GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.

  26. Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments

    astro-ph.CO 2020-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.

  27. Spin effects in superfluidity, neutron matter and neutron stars

    astro-ph.HE 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.