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Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: I. Solely Hawking radiation

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arxiv 2107.00013 v2 pith:GR456LGE submitted 2021-06-30 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: I. Solely Hawking radiation

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords blackproductionevaporationparticleabundancecasedarkexpected
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Hawking evaporation of black holes in the early Universe is expected to copiously produce all kinds of particles, regardless of their charges under the Standard Model gauge group. For this reason, any fundamental particle, known or otherwise, could be produced during the black hole lifetime. This certainly includes dark matter (DM) particles. This paper improves upon previous calculations of DM production from primordial black holes (PBH) by consistently including the greybody factors, and by meticulously tracking a system of coupled Boltzmann equations. We show that the initial PBH densities required to produce the observed relic abundance depend strongly on the DM spin, varying in about $\sim 2$ orders of magnitude between a spin-2 and a scalar DM in the case of non-rotating PBHs. For Kerr PBHs, we have found that the expected enhancement in the production of bosons reduces the initial fraction needed to explain the measurements. We further consider indirect production of DM by assuming the existence of additional and unstable degrees of freedom emitted by the evaporation, which later decay into the DM. For a minimal setup where there is only one heavy particle, we find that the final relic abundance can be increased by at most a factor of $\sim 4$ for a scalar heavy state and a Schwarzschild PBH, or by a factor of $\sim 4.3$ for a spin-2 particle in the case of a Kerr PBH.

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Cited by 19 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    First computation of massive vector (Proca) Hawking emission spectra from Kerr black holes, including polarization-dependent greybody factors, Page functions, and mass-enhanced superradiance up to ~7%.

  2. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  3. Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints

    hep-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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    astro-ph.CO 2026-01 accept novelty 7.0

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  5. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

    hep-ph 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

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  6. Absorption cross section of a Schwarzschild black hole for a massive vector field

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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  8. Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Relativistic accretion onto Kerr primordial black holes gives roughly 4.5x mass growth and fast spin-down, strengthening BBN bounds, lowering the survival mass to ~2.7e14 g, and erasing the high-frequency stochastic g...

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    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

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  10. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    O(100-10^5) string axions enhance PBH superradiance efficiency via increased spin, expanding viable mass-spin regions for micro-boson star dark matter while too many axions cause overly rapid evaporation.

  11. $\tt BlackHawk$ $\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.

  12. Signatures of loop quantum gravity in primordial black hole cosmologies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH masses near 10^3 kg allow Hawking evaporation to reheat the universe while Planckian remnants comprise all present-day DM without fine-tuning initial abundance, yielding testable GW signals.

  13. Inflaton Accretion onto Primordial Black Holes During Reheating

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.

  14. Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0

    Hawking-evaporating primordial black holes could boost light dark matter to detectable energies, and the new electron-recoil constraints from XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T tighten limits on its mass and cross-section.

  15. Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions

    hep-ph 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0

    Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.

  16. Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach

    hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.

  17. Dark matter production from evaporation of regular primordial black holes

    hep-ph 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Regular primordial black holes can evaporate completely like singular ones and yield the observed dark matter density under modified cosmological constraints.

  18. ULYSSES the Third: An Odyssey Towards a Unified Python Toolkit for Leptogenesis

    hep-ph 2026-05 accept novelty 4.0

    ULYSSES v3 extends an open-source Python toolkit to numerically solve leptogenesis equations in resonant low-scale and high-scale regimes with updated interfaces and cross-checks.

  19. Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    PBHs must exceed 10^9 g to affect BBN observables, yielding beta upper limits from 10^{-17} to 10^{-19} for masses 10^9-10^10 g, with public code provided.