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VLN-R1: Vision-Language Navigation via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

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arxiv 2506.17221 v2 pith:LTG7HVJN submitted 2025-06-20 cs.CV

VLN-R1: Vision-Language Navigation via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

classification cs.CV
keywords navigationvln-r1fine-tuninglanguagetrainingvision-languageactionscurrent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is a core challenge in embodied AI, requiring agents to navigate real-world environments using natural language instructions. Current language model-based navigation systems operate on discrete topological graphs, limiting path planning to predefined node connections. We propose VLN-R1, an end-to-end framework that leverages Large Vision-Language Models (LVLM) to directly translate egocentric video streams into continuous navigation actions, adopting GRPO-based training inspired by DeepSeek-R1. To enable effective training, we first construct the VLN-Ego dataset using a 3D simulator, Habitat, and propose Long-Short Memory Sampling to balance historical and current observations. While large language models can supervise complete textual instructions, they lack fine-grained action-level control. Our framework employs a two-stage training approach: a) Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to align the model's action sequence text predictions with expert demonstrations, followed by b) Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) enhanced with a Time-Decayed Reward (TDR) mechanism that strategically weights multi-step future actions. Experimental results show VLN-R1 achieves strong performance on VLN-CE benchmark. VLN-R1 proves LVLMs can drive embodied navigation and enhance task-specific reasoning through data-efficient, reward-driven post-training.

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Cited by 23 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Beyond Waypoints: A Trajectory-Centric Waypointing Paradigm for Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The paper introduces a Trajectory Waypoint paradigm with a TSDF-guided diffusion policy and trajectory-enhanced navigator that achieves better performance on VLN-CE benchmarks by ensuring waypoint reachability and pla...

  2. World Models as Group Actions

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Formalizes video world models as group actions on states and uses latent regularization with synthesized supervision to enforce consistency, introducing GAC and GAR metrics that improve structural correctness in SOTA models.

  3. AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    AwareVLN introduces a structural reasoning module and automatic data engine with progress division to equip VLN agents with self-awareness of agent state and task progress, outperforming prior methods on Habitat datasets.

  4. WorldVLN: Autoregressive World Action Model for Aerial Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    WorldVLN proposes the first autoregressive world action model for aerial vision-language navigation that predicts short-horizon latent world states, decodes them to waypoints in closed loop, and uses two-stage trainin...

  5. Steadily moving semi-infinite fracture in plane poroelasticity

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    A new coupled boundary integral method models steadily moving semi-infinite fractures in plane poroelasticity, solving for mechanical deformation and fluid exchange with verification on analytical test cases.

  6. Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Dual-Anchoring Framework mitigates progress drift via structured instruction tokens and memory drift via landmark-centric retrospective prediction, yielding 15.2% success rate gain and 24.7% on long trajectories.

  7. Enhancing MLLM Spatial Understanding via Active 3D Scene Exploration for Multi-Perspective Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A training-free Visual Chain-of-Thought framework reconstructs high-fidelity 3D meshes from single images and iteratively synthesizes optimal novel views to enhance MLLM spatial comprehension on benchmarks like 3DSRBench.

  8. Hypothesis Graph Refinement: Hypothesis-Driven Exploration with Cascade Error Correction for Embodied Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Hypothesis Graph Refinement represents frontier predictions as revisable hypothesis nodes and applies verification-driven cascade correction to prune erroneous subgraphs, achieving 72.41% success and 56.22% SPL on GOAT-Bench.

  9. Token Warping Helps MLLMs Look from Nearby Viewpoints

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Backward token warping in ViT-based MLLMs enables reliable reasoning from nearby viewpoints by preserving semantic coherence better than pixel-wise warping or fine-tuning baselines.

  10. Path-level Hindsight Instructions for Semantic Exploration in Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.AI 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Phi-Nav generates path-level hindsight instructions from on-policy exploration trajectories to supply additional semantic supervision for vision-language navigation agents.

  11. Goal2Pixel: Grounding Goals to Pixels for Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Goal2Pixel grounds VLN-CE goals to image pixels via VLM prediction plus keyframe memory, reaching 54.1% SR on R2R-CE Val-Unseen with 7.75 calls per episode versus 46.62 for action prediction.

  12. Reasmory: 3D Reconstruction as Explicit Memory for VLMs Spatial Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Reasmory turns 3D reconstruction into validated program-executable memory for VLMs, yielding 6-18% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks over direct baselines.

  13. Bridging the 2D-3D Gap: A Hierarchical Semantic-Geometric Map for Vision Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HSGM structures 3D geometry and semantics into a multi-level map that lets VLMs perform high-level planning in zero-shot VLN, achieving SOTA on R2R-CE and RxR-CE.

  14. Beyond Thinking: Imagining in 360$^\circ$ for Humanoid Visual Search

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Imagining in 360° decouples visual search into a single-step probabilistic semantic layout predictor and an actor, removing the need for multi-turn CoT reasoning and trajectory annotations while improving efficiency i...

  15. SpaAct: Spatially-Activated Transition Learning with Curriculum Adaptation for Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SpaAct activates spatial awareness in VLMs using action retrospection, future frame prediction, and progressive curriculum learning to reach SOTA on VLN-CE benchmarks.

  16. Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0

    Privatar partitions VR avatar reconstruction via frequency-domain decomposition, keeping sensitive components local and offloading the rest with distribution-aware minimal perturbation noise, achieving 2.37x throughpu...

  17. HiRO-Nav: Hybrid ReasOning Enables Efficient Embodied Navigation

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HiRO-Nav adaptively triggers reasoning only on high-entropy actions via a hybrid training pipeline and shows better success-token trade-offs than always-reason or never-reason baselines on the CHORES-S benchmark.

  18. Aerial Vision-Language Navigation with a Unified Framework for Spatial, Temporal and Embodied Reasoning

    cs.CV 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A monocular RGB-only aerial VLN framework outperforms baselines via prompt-guided multi-task learning, keyframe selection, and label reweighting on AerialVLN and OpenFly benchmarks.

  19. Steadily moving semi-infinite fracture in plane poroelasticity

    physics.geo-ph 2026-04 conditional novelty 5.0

    XEmbodied achieves SOTA on 18 embodied VQA benchmarks by fusing 3D geometric tokens and distilled physical cues into a 30B VLM with progressive curriculum training.

  20. Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigation

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Dual-Anchoring adds explicit progress tokens and retrospective landmark verification to VLN agents, cutting state drift and lifting success rate 15.2% overall with 24.7% gains on long trajectories.

  21. Think before Go: Hierarchical Reasoning for Image-goal Navigation

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    HRNav decomposes image-goal navigation into VLM-based short-horizon planning and RL-based execution with a wandering suppression penalty to improve performance in complex unseen settings.

  22. Watch, Remember, Reason: Human-View Video Understanding with MLLMs

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    This is a survey that frames video MLLM research via a human-view formulation of perceptual representations, memory states, reasoning traces, and predictions, then reviews methods, datasets, benchmarks, and open problems.

  23. XEmbodied: A Foundation Model with Enhanced Geometric and Physical Cues for Large-Scale Embodied Environments

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    XEmbodied is a foundation model that integrates 3D geometric and physical signals into VLMs using a 3D Adapter and Efficient Image-Embodied Adapter, plus progressive curriculum and RL post-training, to improve spatial...