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Historical Review of Fluid Antenna and Movable Antenna

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arxiv 2401.02362 v2 pith:X6RAPYCA submitted 2024-01-04 cs.IT eess.SPmath.IT

Historical Review of Fluid Antenna and Movable Antenna

classification cs.IT eess.SPmath.IT
keywords antennafluidmovablearticleresearchwirelesscommunicationdevelopment
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recently, significant attention has been drawn to the development of two emerging antenna technologies known as "Fluid Antenna" and "Movable Antenna" in wireless communication research community, which is greatly motivated by their unprecedented flexibility and reconfigurability for improving system performance in wireless applications. However, some confusions have also ensued on their nomenclature. In fact, both "Fluid Antenna" and "Movable Antenna" are not newly-made terms, and they have a longstanding presence in the field of antenna technology. This article wishes to provide some clarity on this closely related terminology and help dispel any confusion, concern or even dispute on the appropriate use of their names in the literature. Our hope is to unite researchers and encourage more research endeavours to focus on resolving the technical issues on this topic. This article begins by reviewing the historical evolution of these technologies for fostering a clear understanding of their origins and recent development in the realm of wireless communication. We will conclude this article by commenting on other nomenclatures that have emerged in the recent research of Fluid/Movable Antenna.

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Cited by 18 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. How Many Independent Modes Does a Fluid Antenna Have? A Closed-Form Outage Analysis via Equivalent Degrees of Freedom

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Fluid antenna systems have at most K*=2⌈W⌉+1 significant independent eigenmodes set by aperture size W, enabling EDoF and WIM closed-form outage approximations that match exact diversity order and never underestimate ...

  2. Sparse Fluid Antenna Arrays: Continuous Position Design Beyond Classical DOF Limits

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Fluid antenna systems with continuously optimized positions achieve linear DOF growth with aperture size D/λ and O(1/D^{2L}) CRB scaling for L sources, outperforming grid-constrained designs via a two-stage FAS-MUSIC ...

  3. Beyond Covariance: Generative Spatial Correlation Modeling and Channel Interpolation for Fluid Antenna Systems

    cs.IT 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    FAS channels are represented as AR(p) Gauss-Markov processes to derive the optimal MMSE interpolator, a tight lower bound on required observations, and a Kalman filter achieving that optimum with O(N) complexity.

  4. HARQ for Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

    cs.IT 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    HARQ-CC makes the combined SIR across retransmission rounds additive for slow fluid antenna access, enabling closed-form outage, waiting-time, and energy-efficiency analysis.

  5. Fast Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A copula-based attention time-series model reconstructs unobserved port signals in FAMA systems from random partial observations, reaching NMSE of order 10^{-4} when observed ports exceed spatial DoF under rich and fi...

  6. Finite-Aperture Planar Fluid Antenna Array

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives closed-form Rayleigh distribution for minimum inter-port distance in planar fluid antenna arrays (scaling O(M^{-1})) and a 2x2 geometric inertia matrix governing universal CRB for joint elevation-azimuth estim...

  7. Fluid Antenna Systems Enabling 6G HRLLC With Port Switching Delay

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives exact closed-form BLER and rate for FAS-enabled HRLLC with switching delay, proves strict unimodality in port dimension for reliability/rate/energy efficiency, and characterizes a switching-delay threshold for...

  8. Fluid Antenna Systems Enabling 6G HRLLC With Port Switching Delay

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Fluid antenna systems improve HRLLC performance over fixed antennas when port switching delay stays below a derived threshold, with a unique optimal port count due to the diversity-latency trade-off.

  9. Semi-Blind Receivers for RIS-Aided Fluid Antenna Systems

    eess.SP 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Semi-blind PARAFAC and Nested PARAFAC2 receivers enable joint channel and symbol estimation in RIS-aided fluid antenna systems with significantly reduced training overhead.

  10. A Covariance-Surrogate Framework for Movable-Antenna Enabled Anti-Jamming with Unknown Jammers

    eess.SP 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Moving antenna positions with a blockwise sample-covariance surrogate and trust-region updates improves anti-jamming SINR without knowing jammer channels.

  11. Joint Antenna Positioning and Beamforming for Movable Antenna Array Aided Ground Station in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Communication

    eess.SP 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0

    Moving a LEO ground station's antenna positions once at startup and optimizing beamforming weights over time yields higher average rates than fixed dense or sparse arrays in interference-heavy scenarios.

  12. Movable Antenna Empowered Secure Near-Field MIMO Communications

    cs.IT 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    Movable antenna positions and hybrid beamformers are jointly optimized to maximize secrecy rate in near-field MIMO, achieving secure transmission when the eavesdropper is in the same direction and closer to the base station.

  13. Hybrid Codebook Design for Localization Using Electromagnetically Reconfigurable Fluid Antenna System

    eess.SP 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    Three beams derived from the array response and its angle derivatives nearly minimize the localization error bound for a base station with pattern-reconfigurable fluid antennas.

  14. Diffusion Fluid Antenna Systems for Resilient ISAC

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper introduces diffusion FAS, a DDPM-driven spatial selection method that enables generative spatial stealth (up to 100x suppression) and target isolation in object-side ISAC scenarios.

  15. Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Uplink CUMA-Enabled Cellular Networks

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Stochastic geometry yields approximate SIR coverage probability, average user rate, and cell sum-rate for uplink CUMA, showing competitive performance under limited CSI.

  16. Movable Antenna-Aided Secure LEO Satellite Networks: Joint Antenna Position and Beamforming Optimization

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Jointly optimizes movable-antenna positions and beamforming to maximize average secrecy rate in LEO satellite links against nearby eavesdropping satellites.

  17. Multi-Static ISAC Assisted by Double-Side Fluid Antenna System

    eess.SP 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Double-side fluid antenna assisted multi-static ISAC achieves superior detection probability and communication QoS via joint position and beamforming optimization solved by alternating penalty-based methods.

  18. Advancing Fluid Antenna-Assisted Non-Terrestrial Networks in 6G and Beyond: Fundamentals, State of the Art, and Future Directions

    cs.NI 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 1.0

    A literature survey of fluid-antenna-assisted non-terrestrial networks; it organizes existing results and identifies future directions but proves no new result.