Pith. sign in

REVIEW 10 cited by

Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 1111.4022 v3 pith:Y7LCLXGG submitted 2011-11-17 quant-ph

Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery

classification quant-ph
keywords codecodesencodedlatticeplanaroperationsquantumqubits
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

In recent years, surface codes have become a leading method for quantum error correction in theoretical large scale computational and communications architecture designs. Their comparatively high fault-tolerant thresholds and their natural 2-dimensional nearest neighbour (2DNN) structure make them an obvious choice for large scale designs in experimentally realistic systems. While fundamentally based on the toric code of Kitaev, there are many variants, two of which are the planar- and defect- based codes. Planar codes require fewer qubits to implement (for the same strength of error correction), but are restricted to encoding a single qubit of information. Interactions between encoded qubits are achieved via transversal operations, thus destroying the inherent 2DNN nature of the code. In this paper we introduce a new technique enabling the coupling of two planar codes without transversal operations, maintaining the 2DNN of the encoded computer. Our lattice surgery technique comprises splitting and merging planar code surfaces, and enables us to perform universal quantum computation (including magic state injection) while removing the need for braided logic in a strictly 2DNN design, and hence reduces the overall qubit resources for logic operations. Those resources are further reduced by the use of a rotated lattice for the planar encoding. We show how lattice surgery allows us to distribute encoded GHZ states in a more direct (and overhead friendly) manner, and how a demonstration of an encoded CNOT between two distance 3 logical states is possible with 53 physical qubits, half of that required in any other known construction in 2D.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Genuine Multipartite Entanglement between Logical Qubits via Cross-Code Lattice Surgery

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.5

    Cross-code lattice surgery between surface and 3D colour codes yields certified logical GHZ and |CCZ> GME plus arbitrary logical rotations on a trapped-ion processor.

  2. Magic Gate Teleportation: Structure, Useful Resource States, and Simpler Feedforward

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    MGT protocols encode the input into a measurement-heralded stabilizer code then apply a logical non-Clifford gate; useful resource states are Clifford-equivalent to diagonal states, and feedforward can often be Pauli.

  3. Logical Spectroscopy: Lifted-Product Codes with Addressable Bases

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    Logical spectroscopy decomposes Abelian lifted-product codes into Frobenius packets, builds a complete addressable conjugate logical basis by finite-field algebra plus idempotent lifts, and supplies design diagnostics...

  4. The Pinnacle Architecture: Reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100 000 physical qubits using quantum LDPC codes

    quant-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Pinnacle Architecture using QLDPC codes reduces physical qubits needed to factor RSA-2048 to under 100,000 at 10^{-3} error rate.

  5. Lifting Lifted Product Codes

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    Group-extension lifts systematically enlarge any LP code, transfer logical gadgets via chain maps (often with less surgery overhead), improve some code parameters, and give candidate thermodynamic families with cohere...

  6. Realizing Error Suppression in Partially Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulations with IBM Quantum Computers

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Partially fault-tolerant [[4,2,2]] Iceberg-code simulations on ibm_boston improve local Ising observables over unencoded baselines by a few percent in 1D and over 200% in 2D at late times via Observable-Ranked Postselection.

  7. A conditional no-go for resource-free magic-axis measurement on a static surface code

    eess.SY 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Under three stated assumptions, a resource-free static surface-code patch cannot sharply measure the magic axis at polynomial acceptance; it must pay with a resource, leave the dilute regime, or accept exponentially rarely.

  8. Exact and Efficient Stabilizer Simulation of Thermal-Relaxation Noise for Quantum Error Correction

    quant-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    An exact positive-probability decomposition of thermal relaxation noise into Clifford gates and resets exists for T2 ≤ T1, with a negativity-free approximation that outperforms Pauli twirling for T2 > T1.

  9. Automorphism in Gauge Theories: Higher Symmetries and Transversal Non-Clifford Logical Gates

    cond-mat.str-el 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Automorphisms of gauge groups extend to higher or non-invertible symmetries in topological gauge theories and enable transversal non-Clifford gates in 2+1d Z_N qudit Clifford stabilizer models for N greater than or eq...

  10. Optimizing Parallel Execution of Commuting Pauli Product Rotations

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Two new heuristics reduce hardware-limited depth of commuting PPR groups by 10-20% on average (up to 50%) in QASMBench circuits compiled to PPRs.