Reveals a pristine scale-invariant 3D Kolmogorov turbulence cascade in the Polaris Flare with an analytical mapping showing the apparent transition arises from projection and density fractal dimension changes.
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The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
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abstract
Measurements of H-alpha, HI, and CO distributions in 61 normal spiral galaxies are combined with published far-infrared and CO observations of 36 infrared-selected starburst galaxies, in order to study the form of the global star formation law, over the full range of gas densities and star formation rates (SFRs) observed in galaxies. The disk-averaged SFRs and gas densities for the combined sample are well represented by a Schmidt law with index N = 1.4+-0.15. The Schmidt law provides a surprisingly tight parametrization of the global star formation law, extending over several orders of magnitude in SFR and gas density. An alternative formulation of the star formation law, in which the SFR is presumed to scale with the ratio of the gas density to the average orbital timescale, also fits the data very well. Both descriptions provide potentially useful "recipes" for modelling the SFR in numerical simulations of galaxy formation and evolution.
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Four parameters suffice to describe dust attenuation curve diversity in TNG simulations, yielding a new symbolic-regression model that recovers curves and fluxes better than existing parameterizations while linking parameters to SFR surface density, metallicity, and geometry.
Deep interferometric observations of a z≈1.12 barred spiral reveal bar-driven molecular inflows at a rate matching the galaxy's star formation rate of ~36 M⊙/yr.
RUBIES JWST sample shows U increases with redshift and sSFR, decreases with mass, rising by a factor of ~4 from z=2 to z=6 at fixed mass and sSFR, with 0.3 dex systematic uncertainty from photoionization model range.
The satellite metallicity enhancement profile around clusters declines steeply in the core, plateaus near the virial radius due to enriched inflow, and declines further out, with mass loss and quenching dominating the core.
JWST observations identify all massive young embedded star clusters in the Antennae, revealing they are extremely young, heavily obscured, and account for ~60% of the ionizing luminosity.
Galaxies become less concentrated, more asymmetric and less clumpy toward lower stellar masses, with bar fraction declining to zero near 10^8 solar masses and CAS parameters losing separating power in the dwarf regime.
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
Resolved HI observations of six baryon-dominated dwarf galaxy candidates show four are dark-matter deficient with high baryon efficiency, two in isolated environments without tidal signs.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
New VLT observations of He I* absorbers yield a primordial ³He/⁴He ratio of (1.15^{+0.24}_{-0.21})×10^{-4} consistent with standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, plus an updated stellar yield scaling factor.
Only the simultaneous presence of AGN jets and winds produces sufficient turbulence via their interaction to suppress star formation in elliptical galaxies; neither component alone is effective.
New CO survey of 62 CALIFA galaxies shows median molecular gas depletion times rising from 2.1 Gyr on the main sequence to 128 Gyr in red galaxies, with SFE declining systematically below the SFMS independent of CO-to-H2 conversion factor choice.
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
The size-mass relation for star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z ≤ 4 shows a gradient in slope with rest-frame wavelength, crossing at ~10^9.5 solar masses proposed as the transition between diffuse and compact morphologies.
SED fitting of star clusters in NGC 628 identifies an evolutionary sequence from embedded young clusters to visible ones with a photo-dissociation region clearing timescale of approximately 4 Myr.
Kpc-resolution ALMA CO and dust maps of three z~3 dusty galaxies are consistent with gravo-turbulent star-formation models rather than non-turbulent predictions.
PRFM-vol and PRFM-int subgrid models, calibrated from TIGRESS, produce shorter gas depletion times than IllustrisTNG and match TIGRESS star formation rates at high resolution while remaining robust at lower resolutions.
A lithium chemical evolution model for the GSE galaxy matches survey data showing Spite-like and eRGB plateaus at low metallicity with a hint of reduced nova contributions.
JADES DR5 delivers a public catalog of Bayesian-inferred stellar masses, SFRs, SFHs, dust, metallicities, and AGN contributions for ~500k galaxies via Prospector with an evolving SFMS prior.
Observational study of 100 LMC GMCs finds median 13CO(2-1)/12CO(2-1) line ratio of 0.078, nearly linear with luminosity, and higher in clouds hosting IR-bright young stellar objects.
Molecular gas in M83 consists of two log-normal density components, with the high-density component enhanced along spiral arms and more tightly linked to star formation than the low-density component.
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