Tachyonic instabilities from post-inflation curvature reorganization via quadratic Gauss-Bonnet coupling produce the observed dark matter relic density across wide mass and scale ranges, backed by lattice simulations and a fitting function.
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The Waning of the WIMP? A Review of Models, Searches, and Constraints
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Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are among the best-motivated dark matter candidates. In light of no conclusive detection signal yet despite an extensive search program that combines, often in a complementary way, direct, indirect, and collider probes, we find it timely to give a broad overview of the WIMP paradigm. In particular, we review here the theoretical foundations of the WIMP paradigm, discuss status and prospects of various detection strategies, and explore future experimental challenges and opportunities.
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A survey of physicists finds that claimed consensus positions on foundational topics often rest on pluralities or narrow majorities rather than strong field-wide agreement.
Non-supersymmetric spin-3/2 dark matter with baryon-violating portals can explain the relic abundance through UV and Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in, with viable parameter space constrained by indirect detection, direct detection, and LHC monojet searches.
Paleo-detectors can achieve high sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter boosted by cosmic rays and supernovae, covering previously inaccessible parameter space with orders of magnitude better reach than current experiments.
Collider observables of a pseudoscalar mediator resonance can become sensitive to the sound speed of dark energy fluctuations via modified propagation in a dark energy background.
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
A nonholomorphic T' modular model realizes the T4-2-i one-loop topology for radiative Majorana neutrino masses, forbids tree-level seesaws via modular assignments, stabilizes DM with residual Z2, and fits oscillation data plus DM constraints for both hierarchies with fermionic DM.
A leptogenesis framework generates both baryon asymmetry and asymmetric dark matter via heavy Majorana neutrino decays, enabling a TeV-scale seesaw with hierarchical couplings and testable spin-independent DM cross sections above 10 GeV.
A Z4 × Z3 discrete gauge symmetry in the SM requires three new Majorana fermions whose lightest member is stable DM with mass from a singlet scalar VEV near the electroweak scale, enabling WIMP freeze-out via scalar-mediated annihilation.
A double right-handed U(1) gauge extension generates the Standard Model fermion mass hierarchy at tree and loop levels and stabilizes a viable scalar singlet dark matter particle consistent with relic density and direct detection bounds.
Weyl x SU(2)L x U(1)Y gauge theory with quadratic curvature generates Einstein-Hilbert action, Higgs potential, and Standard Model masses via spontaneous Weyl symmetry breaking.
A one-body conformal-factor correction stabilizes boson star-black hole initial data, enabling gravitational-wave analysis that shows higher multipoles can discriminate mixed mergers from pure black-hole binaries.
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
Calculations of cLFV cross sections in eμ scattering show the e−μ+ → W+W− channel at √s > 2MW offers better prospects for detecting heavy sterile neutrinos than the quartically suppressed e−μ+ → e+μ− process.
An optimized Fermi-LAT analysis finds the Galactic Center Excess follows an approximately spherical generalized NFW morphology with inner slope ~1.15, a spectrum peaking at a few GeV, and only upper limits above tens of GeV.
Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
WIMP models for the Galactic Center Excess survive only in finely tuned resonant funnels with portal couplings around 10^-4, with leptophilic vectors and pseudoscalar portals remaining most viable after current bounds.
A dark U(1)_D model with dark Higgs inflation and low reheating allows dark photon dark matter to achieve the observed relic density for a wider range of couplings, with inflation predictions matching Planck, BICEP/Keck and ACT data.
Fermi LAT data on mini-spikes around stellar-mass black holes rules out substantial regions of Inert Doublet Model dark matter parameter space, especially at multi-TeV masses.
Bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition at the end of inflation can generate the observed dark matter abundance in a restricted region of parameter space via direct production and spectator decays.
In a vector dark matter extension of the Higgs portal, far detectors at colliders can probe otherwise inaccessible parameter space and set novel bounds on the reheating temperature.
The 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos supplies a natural sub-MeV dark matter candidate as a gravitationally massive pseudo-Goldstone boson whose relic density is set by freeze-in at low reheating temperatures.
citing papers explorer
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Big Mysteries Survey: Physicists' Views on Cosmology, Black Holes, Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Gravity
A survey of physicists finds that claimed consensus positions on foundational topics often rest on pluralities or narrow majorities rather than strong field-wide agreement.
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Decaying spin-3/2 dark matter from baryon number violation
Non-supersymmetric spin-3/2 dark matter with baryon-violating portals can explain the relic abundance through UV and Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in, with viable parameter space constrained by indirect detection, direct detection, and LHC monojet searches.
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Probing Cosmic-Ray-Boosted and Supernova-Sourced Sub-GeV Dark Matter with Paleo-Detectors
Paleo-detectors can achieve high sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter boosted by cosmic rays and supernovae, covering previously inaccessible parameter space with orders of magnitude better reach than current experiments.
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Collider Probes of Dark Energy Microphysics
Collider observables of a pseudoscalar mediator resonance can become sensitive to the sound speed of dark energy fluctuations via modified propagation in a dark energy background.
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Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
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Radiative Neutrino Mass in a Nonholomorphic $T'$ Modular Invariant Model
A nonholomorphic T' modular model realizes the T4-2-i one-loop topology for radiative Majorana neutrino masses, forbids tree-level seesaws via modular assignments, stabilizes DM with residual Z2, and fits oscillation data plus DM constraints for both hierarchies with fermionic DM.
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Linking Leptogenesis and Asymmetric Dark Matter: A Testable Framework for Neutrino Mass and the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
A leptogenesis framework generates both baryon asymmetry and asymmetric dark matter via heavy Majorana neutrino decays, enabling a TeV-scale seesaw with hierarchical couplings and testable spin-independent DM cross sections above 10 GeV.
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WIMP Dark Matter from a Natural Discrete Gauge Symmetry in the Standard Model
A Z4 × Z3 discrete gauge symmetry in the SM requires three new Majorana fermions whose lightest member is stable DM with mass from a singlet scalar VEV near the electroweak scale, enabling WIMP freeze-out via scalar-mediated annihilation.
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Physical implications of a double right-handed gauge symmetry
A double right-handed U(1) gauge extension generates the Standard Model fermion mass hierarchy at tree and loop levels and stabilizes a viable scalar singlet dark matter particle consistent with relic density and direct detection bounds.
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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Emergent Einstein-Standard Model: From Weyl x SU (2)L x U (1)Y Gauge Theory to Geometric Mass Generation
Weyl x SU(2)L x U(1)Y gauge theory with quadratic curvature generates Einstein-Hilbert action, Higgs potential, and Standard Model masses via spontaneous Weyl symmetry breaking.
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Boson star-black hole binaries: initial data and head-on collisions
A one-body conformal-factor correction stabilizes boson star-black hole initial data, enabling gravitational-wave analysis that shows higher multipoles can discriminate mixed mergers from pure black-hole binaries.
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A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
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Electron-muon colliders at high energies to discover heavy sterile neutrinos
Calculations of cLFV cross sections in eμ scattering show the e−μ+ → W+W− channel at √s > 2MW offers better prospects for detecting heavy sterile neutrinos than the quartically suppressed e−μ+ → e+μ− process.
-
A Precise Measurement of the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center Excess Morphology and Spectrum
An optimized Fermi-LAT analysis finds the Galactic Center Excess follows an approximately spherical generalized NFW morphology with inner slope ~1.15, a spectrum peaking at a few GeV, and only upper limits above tens of GeV.
-
Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes
Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.
-
Ringdown Signatures of Dehnen Dark Matter Halos: Fluid Modes and Detectability with Space-Based Detectors
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
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Gravitational scalar production with a generic reheating scenario
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
-
Low-reheating scenario in dark Higgs inflation and its impact on dark photon dark matter production
A dark U(1)_D model with dark Higgs inflation and low reheating allows dark photon dark matter to achieve the observed relic density for a wider range of couplings, with inflation predictions matching Planck, BICEP/Keck and ACT data.
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Probing the Inert Doublet Dark Matter with Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mini-Spikes
Fermi LAT data on mini-spikes around stellar-mass black holes rules out substantial regions of Inert Doublet Model dark matter parameter space, especially at multi-TeV masses.
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Dark Matter Production from Bubble Collisions during a First-Order Phase Transition at the End of Inflation
Bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition at the end of inflation can generate the observed dark matter abundance in a restricted region of parameter space via direct production and spectator decays.
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Can LLP detectors probe the reheating temperature? A case study of vector dark matter
In a vector dark matter extension of the Higgs portal, far detectors at colliders can probe otherwise inaccessible parameter space and set novel bounds on the reheating temperature.
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The 3-3-1 Model: a natural framework for sub-MeV dark matter
The 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos supplies a natural sub-MeV dark matter candidate as a gravitationally massive pseudo-Goldstone boson whose relic density is set by freeze-in at low reheating temperatures.
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Spherically Symmetric Fluid Simulations of Black Hole Accretion in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
1D hydrodynamic simulations find that SIDM heat transport competes with gravity to regulate black hole accretion, enabling rapid growth in SIS profiles up to 10,000 solar masses from a 100 solar mass seed in 2 Myr.
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Intertwined Constraints in Extended Cosmologies: Dark Energy, Curvature, Neutrinos, and Inflation
Dynamical dark energy remains preferred across extended models while curvature, neutrino mass and inflation parameters show strong model dependence, with no resolution of the H0 tension.
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Observables and conformal properties of dark matter admixed isentropic neutron stars
DM admixture in isentropic neutron stars can mimic quark-matter conformality signatures via competition between thermal effects and dark sector softening.
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Charting Dark Matter down to the neutrino floor/fog in the 2HD+a scenario
In the 2HD+a model with near-zero A-a mixing, single-component WIMP dark matter naturally lies below the neutrino floor above 100 GeV while two-component scenarios are largely excluded by current bounds.
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Photons, jets and missing momentum from a two-vector dark sector
A cut-based LHC analysis of photon+jets+missing momentum from a two-vector dark sector finds that a three-bin missing transverse momentum strategy substantially improves expected reach into relic-abundance-compatible parameter space.
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Shedding Stray Light on Decaying Light Dark Matter: Constraints from NuSTAR X-ray Observations
NuSTAR stray-light data yields the strongest indirect bounds on decaying electrophilic scalar, ALP, and dark photon DM in the 6-70 keV range, plus inelastic DM with mass splittings 3-100 keV.
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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Freeze-in $SU(2)$ vector dark matter at low reheating temperature
Low-reheating-temperature freeze-in of SU(2) vector dark matter yields three stable degenerate states and enlarges the viable parameter space relative to abelian models, with part already constrained by PandaX-4T and LZ.
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Seasons of Dark Matter Freeze-In Shaped by the Weather of the Early Universe
Variations in pre-nucleosynthesis cosmology produce distinct seasons in the phase-space distribution of freeze-in dark matter, directly affecting its warmness and mass bounds.
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Freeze-In Dark Matter and Leptogenesis: a $\psi'$SM route
In an E6-derived ψ'SM extension, a singlet fermion acts as freeze-in dark matter with relic density set by scalar decays for masses from a few MeV to hundreds of GeV, while type-I seesaw neutrinos simultaneously produce the observed baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis.
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Probing inelastic sub-GeV dark matter at the DUNE near detector
DUNE's ND-LAr can probe sub-GeV inelastic dark matter parameter space consistent with relic abundance via dark Higgs-mediated annihilation, especially at large dark photon-to-DM mass ratios.