GraphNPE recovers a significantly lower central density for Boötes I consistent with a core while Draco remains marginally cuspy, and demonstrates that higher-order velocity moments reduce bias in dynamical modeling.
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The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
A neural network trained on simulations infers stripping times for Sagittarius stream stars from phase-space data, measuring a 0.3 dex/Gyr metallicity gradient and estimating ages for globular clusters such as Pal 12 and NGC 2419.
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
FABLE simulation predictions for the nanohertz gravitational wave background are statistically consistent with NANOGrav 15-year data at 1–2.5σ tension, with physically motivated population modifications further improving agreement.
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
Discovery of 14 solitary dwarf galaxy groups with dynamical masses around 10^12 solar masses, interpreted as tracers of primordial dark matter halos.
Little red dots shift from underdense, low-halo-mass environments at z>4 to ordinary galaxy environments by z~3.5, explaining their declining abundance at z<3.
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
tSZ cross-correlations with large-scale structure tracers prefer low S8 and strong baryonic feedback, yielding S8 = 0.72 and low group baryon fraction in FLAMINGO simulations.
Mutual information analysis of TNG50 simulations shows gravitational potential and total energy retain merger mass and infall time information longest, while radial velocity loses it within ~5 Gyr, with washout depending on radius, merger age, and mass.
DESI DR2 identifies 50,088 galaxies with moderate and 27,420 with strong evidence for down-the-barrel NaI D absorption revealing inflows at ~20 km/s and multiple accretion pathways at z < 0.6.
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
TNG50 MW analogues reproduce global soft X-ray luminosity, inner surface brightness, emission measure and O VII absorption but show too-steep radial decline in X-ray brightness and 65% lower O VIII absorption than observed, indicating overly central feedback.
DESI data on the GD-1 stream identifies a thin cold core and a hot cocoon with 30% of members whose dispersion is consistent with 11 Gyr of dark matter subhalo heating.
The Milky Way stellar halo is radially anisotropic inside ~35 kpc and becomes tangentially dominated farther out; after removing known accreted structures the profile stays radially biased at all radii.
The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger occurred 11.2 ± 0.1 Gyr ago, coinciding with the formation of a group of globular clusters and potentially leaving ω Centauri as its remnant, while placing disk formation at z ≳ 4.
Young stars younger than 630 Myr are widespread in M82's halo including a 20 kpc tail, with total mass ~4e6 solar masses, suggesting outflow-triggered extraplanar star formation.
N-body simulation of a major merger shows M31's extended rotating stellar disc as a stretched and warped remnant of the progenitor disc extending beyond 40 kpc.
Optically selected superthin galaxies remain superthin in NIR with unchanged axis ratios, showing no prominent thick disk from old stars, and prefer lower-density environments consistent with high-halo-spin formation.
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
Simulations show observationally selected protocluster candidates at z ≳ 5 include significant interlopers, undergo 2-6 major mergers, and exhibit stronger clustering than observed, requiring total galaxy mass within 10 cMpc for reliable progenitor identification.
citing papers explorer
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Dark Matter in Draco and Bo\"otes I: Hints of a Core in an Ultra-Faint Dwarf from Simulation-Based Inference
GraphNPE recovers a significantly lower central density for Boötes I consistent with a core while Draco remains marginally cuspy, and demonstrates that higher-order velocity moments reduce bias in dynamical modeling.
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Hierarchical assembly in action: a galaxy tail from a disrupting group in the Virgo cluster outskirts
The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
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Reconstructing the Stripping History of the Sagittarius Stream with Neural Networks
A neural network trained on simulations infers stripping times for Sagittarius stream stars from phase-space data, measuring a 0.3 dex/Gyr metallicity gradient and estimating ages for globular clusters such as Pal 12 and NGC 2419.
-
Origins of Extreme Emission-Line Ratios in z > 3 Galaxies: Insights from the Lumen Model
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
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Archival Multiband Gravitational-Wave Signals from Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
-
Comparing gravitational wave background predictions from cosmological simulations to pulsar timing observations
FABLE simulation predictions for the nanohertz gravitational wave background are statistically consistent with NANOGrav 15-year data at 1–2.5σ tension, with physically motivated population modifications further improving agreement.
-
A Consistent Comparison of Intracluster Light Assembly in Simulations I. Redshift Evolution and Progenitor Galaxies
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
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Solitary dwarf galaxy groups as tracers of primordial dark matter halos in the local Universe
Discovery of 14 solitary dwarf galaxy groups with dynamical masses around 10^12 solar masses, interpreted as tracers of primordial dark matter halos.
-
Reduced Incidence of Little Red Dots at z < 3 from Number Density and Halo Mass Evolution
Little red dots shift from underdense, low-halo-mass environments at z>4 to ordinary galaxy environments by z~3.5, explaining their declining abundance at z<3.
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Spider-Webb: enhanced star formation in low-mass galaxies within the Spiderweb protocluster revealed by JWST Pa$\beta$ narrow-band imaging
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
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FLAMINGO: The thermal history of the Universe from tSZ effect cross-correlations and its dependencies on cosmology and baryon physics
tSZ cross-correlations with large-scale structure tracers prefer low S8 and strong baryonic feedback, yielding S8 = 0.72 and low group baryon fraction in FLAMINGO simulations.
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Galactic Amnesia: The Information Washout of the Milky Way Merger History
Mutual information analysis of TNG50 simulations shows gravitational potential and total energy retain merger mass and infall time information longest, while radial velocity loses it within ~5 Gyr, with washout depending on radius, merger age, and mass.
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Peering down the barrel with DESI DR2: 10 000+ inflows at $z$ < 0.6 reveal how galaxies accrete cold gas
DESI DR2 identifies 50,088 galaxies with moderate and 27,420 with strong evidence for down-the-barrel NaI D absorption revealing inflows at ~20 km/s and multiple accretion pathways at z < 0.6.
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Caught in the Cosmic Web: Environmental Impacts on the Halo Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation Signals
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
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Probing the Hot Gaseous Halos of Milky Way-like Galaxies in the TNG50 simulation
TNG50 MW analogues reproduce global soft X-ray luminosity, inner surface brightness, emission measure and O VII absorption but show too-steep radial decline in X-ray brightness and 65% lower O VIII absorption than observed, indicating overly central feedback.
-
Characterizing the GD-1 Stream with DESI DR2 Data: Thin Stream and Hot Cocoon
DESI data on the GD-1 stream identifies a thin cold core and a hot cocoon with 30% of members whose dispersion is consistent with 11 Gyr of dark matter subhalo heating.
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Characterizing the velocity anisotropy of the Milky Way's stellar halo
The Milky Way stellar halo is radially anisotropic inside ~35 kpc and becomes tangentially dominated farther out; after removing known accreted structures the profile stays radially biased at all radii.
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The Last Galactic Firework: Timing the last significant merger with stars, globular clusters and $\omega$Centauri
The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger occurred 11.2 ± 0.1 Gyr ago, coinciding with the formation of a group of globular clusters and potentially leaving ω Centauri as its remnant, while placing disk formation at z ≳ 4.
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Stars Born in the Wind II: Widespread Extra-planar Star Formation in M82's Halo
Young stars younger than 630 Myr are widespread in M82's halo including a 20 kpc tail, with total mass ~4e6 solar masses, suggesting outflow-triggered extraplanar star formation.
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The Merger-Driven Origin of the Vast Extended Stellar Disc Around the Andromeda Galaxy
N-body simulation of a major merger shows M31's extended rotating stellar disc as a stretched and warped remnant of the progenitor disc extending beyond 40 kpc.
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Optically Selected Superthin Galaxies Remain Thin in the Near-infrared
Optically selected superthin galaxies remain superthin in NIR with unchanged axis ratios, showing no prominent thick disk from old stars, and prefer lower-density environments consistent with high-halo-spin formation.
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COSMOS-Web: does halo mass alone shape the clustering of star-forming and quiescent galaxies?
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
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JWST spectroscopy of galaxies at $z>10$: Damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers reveal efficient star formation and hidden redshift biases
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
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On the later evolution of observationally selected protocluster candidates at $z\,{\gtrsim}\,5$
Simulations show observationally selected protocluster candidates at z ≳ 5 include significant interlopers, undergo 2-6 major mergers, and exhibit stronger clustering than observed, requiring total galaxy mass within 10 cMpc for reliable progenitor identification.
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TNG SAM: Bridging Hydrodynamical Complexity and Semi-Analytic Efficiency to Model Galaxy Formation
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
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The $M_{\rm BH}$$-$$R_{\rm b}$ relation and the high-mass end of the $M_{\rm BH}$$-$$\sigma$ relation
Updated M_BH-R_b relation for core-Sérsic galaxies has slope 1.16 and 0.28 dex scatter; large-core galaxies drive a high-mass upturn in M_BH-σ attributed to successive dry mergers.
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Satellite compaction pathways: environmental drivers shaping dwarf galaxy corpulence in the TNG50 simulation
In TNG50, compact dwarf satellites (log M_star 8.4-9.2) form via DM-rich gas inflows in low-merger environments, tidal stripping for DM-poor cases, and ram-pressure starbursts for some metal-rich ones.
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The Pristine Dwarf Galaxy Survey -- VII. The metallicity distributions of 12 Milky Way faint satellites
Photometric analysis yields metallicity distributions for 3917 stars across 12 faint Milky Way satellites, showing average [Fe/H] ~ -2.3 dex, 170 EMP candidates, and no gradients in ultra-faint systems.
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Cooler Phases of the Circumgalactic Medium Are More Centrally Concentrated: Constraints from Multiphase Absorption Lines
Cooler CGM phases traced by Ca II and Mg II exhibit steeper radial equivalent width profiles than the warmer C IV phase, with host-type differences and stellar-mass dependence.
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JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) Data Release 5: stellar population catalogue for galaxies in GOODS-N and GOODS-S
JADES DR5 delivers a public catalog of Bayesian-inferred stellar masses, SFRs, SFHs, dust, metallicities, and AGN contributions for ~500k galaxies via Prospector with an evolving SFMS prior.
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Advancing the detection of low surface brightness galaxies. I. ATTILA: multi-tAsking deTecTIon tool for Lsb gAlaxies
ATTILA tool identifies 24 new ultra-diffuse galaxies in Hydra I, doubling the known population to 48, plus 92 additional low surface brightness galaxies, while recovering over 80% of previously known ones.
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Detection of a dark matter subhalo in the strongly lensed system PJ011646
A subhalo of M200 = 2.78e10 solar masses and concentration 30 is detected at 5.8 sigma in PJ011646 via ALMA imaging and grid-based NFW search after fitting an elliptical power-law plus multipole macromodel.
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Halo-driven Origin and Suppression of Over-massive Black Holes and Little Red Dots
Halo-driven transient rapid growth followed by thermodynamic suppression explains over-massive black holes and Little Red Dots as precursors to standard SMBH-galaxy coevolution.
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One Merge to Rule Them All: From Galaxy Interactions to Black Hole Mergers Using Horizon-AGN
Horizon-AGN shows galaxy and black hole merger rates both rise with stellar mass and fall with redshift, peaking near z=2-3, establishing a direct evolutionary link from galaxy interactions to black hole coalescences.
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The galaxy-halo connection and the dynamical evolution of a giant disc in a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z~3
The Big Wheel at z~3 has a stellar-to-halo mass ratio of 0.06, higher than expected, implying efficient stellar assembly without major mergers or instabilities.
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Non-Equilibrium Ionisation in Photoionised Haloes: Implications for Shock Stability and Absorption-Line Signatures
UV background suppresses NEI in galaxy haloes, restoring equilibrium shock thresholds and producing extended absorption columns for OVI, CIV, and HI beyond the virial radius.
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The Evolution of the SFR-M_* relation at 0.1<z<4: Environmental and Morphological Dependencies
The SFR-M_* relation develops a high-mass decline at low redshifts, driven mainly by morphological quenching from internal structure rather than environmental effects on star-forming galaxies.
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Dynamically cold discs in high-redshift galaxies: comparison between ALMA observations and TNG50
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
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A systematic study of AGN feedback in a disk galaxy using MACER II: predictions of X-ray surface brightness profiles and comparison with eROSITA observations
AGN feedback simulations predict X-ray surface brightness profiles that match eROSITA CGM observations out to 100 kpc.
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: stellar mass growth in massive galaxy clusters from DR5 over the past 7 billion years
Composite cluster stellar mass functions show marginal M* evolution at high z and a factor of 2.5 growth in stellar mass fraction from z=0.8 to 0.2 after accounting for halo mass growth.
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Build-up and survival of the disc: From numerical models of galaxy formation to the Milky Way
Simulations show that observed rotation in 13.5-Gyr-old alpha-rich stars constrains the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger to mass ratios below 1:4, with interaction and starburst times both near 11 Gyr.
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Cosmological Simulations of Stellar Halos with Gaia Sausage-Enceladus Analogues: Two Sausages, One Bun?
TNG50 simulations of 98 Milky Way analogues find GSE-like debris in 32 cases, with two-merger GSEs in one third; single- and two-merger cases differ in median infall time (5.9 vs 10.7 Gyr ago), abundances, and star-formation histories.
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The age of the Universe from a large sample of the oldest Galactic stars
Stellar age analysis of a large Galactic sample gives a cosmic age of 13.73 Gyr, consistent with LambdaCDM but inconsistent with some Hubble tension resolutions implying 12.9 Gyr.
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Ly$\rm \alpha$ halos and UV continuum morphologies of Tadpole Galaxies at $z> 3$
Tadpole galaxies at high redshift commonly show extended, symmetric Lyα halos that are spatially offset from their UV continuum emission.
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Resolved Ages and Stellar Metallicities in Progenitors of Milky Way Analogs: A Closer Look at their Star Formation Histories since $z=5$
Resolved stellar property gradients in Milky Way analog progenitors show inside-out assembly with minor, temporary disruption from major mergers.
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Variability in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations: how Stochastic Processes, Numerical Effects, and Reproducibility Limits impact Predictability
Four controlled identical realizations of a galaxy-cluster zoom-in simulation reveal 10-25% variability in galaxy masses driven by stochastic processes and modulated by feedback, establishing a noise-dominated but statistically reproducible regime at low resolution.
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The DECam MAGIC Survey: Investigating the Jet Stellar Stream with Photometric Metallicities
Photometric metallicities from DECam identify 213 Jet stream candidates and detect fanning in the stream morphology.
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Deep HI observations of cold gas inflow and outflow
Review chapter on HI observations of gas inflow/outflow in disk and dwarf galaxies and prospects for SKA-Mid AA4 to address missing data on low-column-density gas.
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Cosmological Galaxy Formation Modelling in the Era of the Square Kilometre Array
Review of state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy formation models for HI, molecular gas and radio continuum in preparation for SKA, advocating coordinated multi-scale simulations, forward modelling and AI emulators.
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