LRD host galaxies show average metallicity 0.08 Z_sun with narrow stable range, challenging pristine-gas formation models while ruling out typical local AGN.
2024b, Nature
37 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 324 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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VLBI at 4.9 GHz plus multi-epoch survey data reveal a fading parsec-scale radio component near the optical center of a dwarf galaxy, interpreted as transient ejecta from IMBH accretion.
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
SDSSJ110546.07+145202.4 is the first known long-duration radio changing-look NLS1 galaxy whose outburst is explained by an accretion-rate change that triggered a powerful radio jet.
Direct collapse black holes born at z=25.7 grow at half-Eddington rate to produce overmassive black hole galaxies at z~10 with M_BH/M_* ~0.01, matching JWST observations of GN-z11, UHZ1, and GHZ9 through initial star-formation suppression and later Pop III supernova metal blowout.
Little Red Dots at z≈5 are the bright, detectable tips of black holes that grow through short super-Eddington 'nuclear bursts' triggered by fast halo assembly.
X-ray non-detection of little red dots requires both Compton-thick gas columns (~1e25 cm^-2) and intrinsically weak X-ray emission with bolometric correction k_bol,X ≳ 30.
Two z~6.6 galaxies host overmassive black holes and show remnant ionized bubbles from recent quasar episodes, with BH-to-stellar mass ratios 400-800 times above the local relation.
Abundant early heavy seeds plus frequent mergers produce the massive black holes seen by JWST at z>9 and yield about four LISA events per year at z>=8.
Abundance analysis of 84 type-2 AGNs finds oversolar He and subsolar O at z>2.8, including one object at z=6.26 with record He abundance of 12+log(He/H)=11.64, plus marginal trends of declining He/H and rising O/H toward z=0.
Black hole occupation fraction rises with stellar mass but its normalization, shape, and redshift trend depend strongly on BH mass threshold, central vs satellite galaxies, simulation box, resolution, and sampled population in the FEGA25 model.
JWST data on LRDs and LBDs show AGN-like excitation, strong Lyα with broad components, and X-ray weakness, implying clumpy or equatorial geometries around growing black holes rather than complete gas envelopes.
Simulations show observationally selected protocluster candidates at z ≳ 5 include significant interlopers, undergo 2-6 major mergers, and exhibit stronger clustering than observed, requiring total galaxy mass within 10 cMpc for reliable progenitor identification.
Lenient heavy-seed models in BRAHMA simulations produce black hole merger rates above 100 per year and near-unity occupation fractions down to low-mass galaxies, while strict models yield only about 1 merger per year and occupation fractions below 10 percent for galaxies under 10^8 solar masses.
Semi-analytical models show AGN disks produce repeated BBH mergers with a high-mass tail beyond the pair-instability gap, more efficiently at low viscosity, with spin and mass-ratio signatures that can match events like GW190521.
Simulations show heavy-seed formation with BH-BH mergers or Bondi accretion under weak feedback can assemble 10^6-10^7 solar mass black holes at z greater than or equal to 9.
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
A multiphase ISM grain-size model with low supernova dust yield reproduces observed dust-to-stellar mass ratios and UV luminosity functions at z=7-12 by letting small grains seed rapid metal accretion.
Application of the Attenuation-Free Model to JWST super-early galaxies yields massive halos with moderate efficiencies and supports an evolutionary sequence from dust-reddened to UV-clear phases driven by outflows.
JADES DR5 delivers a public catalog of Bayesian-inferred stellar masses, SFRs, SFHs, dust, metallicities, and AGN contributions for ~500k galaxies via Prospector with an evolving SFMS prior.
Halo-driven transient rapid growth followed by thermodynamic suppression explains over-massive black holes and Little Red Dots as precursors to standard SMBH-galaxy coevolution.
At z>9, the UV-bright galaxy excess can be explained by supernova-produced dust with low FUV opacity (κ≈10^3–10^4 cm^2/g) plus porous geometry and modest star-formation efficiency evolution.
COLIBRE simulations underpredict bright-end UV galaxy luminosities by 1 to 2.5 magnitudes at z=7-15 compared with observations, with the discrepancy persisting after dust attenuation and uncertainty accounting.
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
citing papers explorer
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The metallicities of little red dot host galaxies: LRDs are metal poor, but not pristine
LRD host galaxies show average metallicity 0.08 Z_sun with narrow stable range, challenging pristine-gas formation models while ruling out typical local AGN.
-
Detection of a parsec-scale, compact, and fading ejecta from an accreting massive black hole
VLBI at 4.9 GHz plus multi-epoch survey data reveal a fading parsec-scale radio component near the optical center of a dwarf galaxy, interpreted as transient ejecta from IMBH accretion.
-
SDSS-V: Revealing a weak accretion state in X-ray selected red quasars
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
-
SDSSJ110546.07+145202.4: The first long-duration radio changing-look NLS1 galaxy
SDSSJ110546.07+145202.4 is the first known long-duration radio changing-look NLS1 galaxy whose outburst is explained by an accretion-rate change that triggered a powerful radio jet.
-
How Overmassive Black Holes Formed at Cosmic Dawn
Direct collapse black holes born at z=25.7 grow at half-Eddington rate to produce overmassive black hole galaxies at z~10 with M_BH/M_* ~0.01, matching JWST observations of GN-z11, UHZ1, and GHZ9 through initial star-formation suppression and later Pop III supernova metal blowout.
-
Super-Eddington accretion of black holes in early nuclear bursts gives birth to Little Red Dots
Little Red Dots at z≈5 are the bright, detectable tips of black holes that grow through short super-Eddington 'nuclear bursts' triggered by fast halo assembly.
-
Quenching of X-ray emission in little red dots by both Compton-thick gas and high accretion rates
X-ray non-detection of little red dots requires both Compton-thick gas columns (~1e25 cm^-2) and intrinsically weak X-ray emission with bolometric correction k_bol,X ≳ 30.
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Life After the Quasar: Overmassive Black Holes and Remnant Ionised Bubbles in and Around Two z~6.6 Galaxies
Two z~6.6 galaxies host overmassive black holes and show remnant ionized bubbles from recent quasar episodes, with BH-to-stellar mass ratios 400-800 times above the local relation.
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First results of AMBRA: Abundant Seeds and Early Mergers as a Pathway to the First Massive Black Holes
Abundant early heavy seeds plus frequent mergers produce the massive black holes seen by JWST at z>9 and yield about four LISA events per year at z>=8.
-
Cosmic evolution of the helium and oxygen abundances in type 2 Active Galactic Nuclei: Helium-loud AGNs
Abundance analysis of 84 type-2 AGNs finds oversolar He and subsolar O at z>2.8, including one object at z=6.26 with record He abundance of 12+log(He/H)=11.64, plus marginal trends of declining He/H and rising O/H toward z=0.
-
Black Hole Occupation Fraction: Dependence on Black Hole Mass Threshold, Environment, Resolution and Redshift
Black hole occupation fraction rises with stellar mass but its normalization, shape, and redshift trend depend strongly on BH mass threshold, central vs satellite galaxies, simulation box, resolution, and sampled population in the FEGA25 model.
-
Little Red and Blue Dots: AGN-excited narrow lines, Lyman-$\alpha$ emission, and resemblance to standard quasars
JWST data on LRDs and LBDs show AGN-like excitation, strong Lyα with broad components, and X-ray weakness, implying clumpy or equatorial geometries around growing black holes rather than complete gas envelopes.
-
On the later evolution of observationally selected protocluster candidates at $z\,{\gtrsim}\,5$
Simulations show observationally selected protocluster candidates at z ≳ 5 include significant interlopers, undergo 2-6 major mergers, and exhibit stronger clustering than observed, requiring total galaxy mass within 10 cMpc for reliable progenitor identification.
-
Supermassive Black Hole Assembly from Heavy Seeds with Dynamical Friction in the BRAHMA Simulations: Implications for JWST, LISA, and the Local Universe
Lenient heavy-seed models in BRAHMA simulations produce black hole merger rates above 100 per year and near-unity occupation fractions down to low-mass galaxies, while strict models yield only about 1 merger per year and occupation fractions below 10 percent for galaxies under 10^8 solar masses.
-
AGN-driven BBH mergers: Black hole populations and hierarchical growth across the AGN parameter space
Semi-analytical models show AGN disks produce repeated BBH mergers with a high-mass tail beyond the pair-instability gap, more efficiently at low viscosity, with spin and mass-ratio signatures that can match events like GW190521.
-
Learning the Universe at High Redshifts: Impact of Accretion Modeling on Early Black Hole Growth
Simulations show heavy-seed formation with BH-BH mergers or Bondi accretion under weak feedback can assemble 10^6-10^7 solar mass black holes at z greater than or equal to 9.
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JWST Absorption-Line Analysis of UV-Bright Galaxies at $z=7.2-10.6$: Early Chemical Enrichment Traced by C, O, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
-
Grain-size evolution and rapid dust growth in high-redshift galaxies
A multiphase ISM grain-size model with low supernova dust yield reproduces observed dust-to-stellar mass ratios and UV luminosity functions at z=7-12 by letting small grains seed rapid metal accretion.
-
No Blue without Red: Evolutionary Properties of Super-Early Galaxies
Application of the Attenuation-Free Model to JWST super-early galaxies yields massive halos with moderate efficiencies and supports an evolutionary sequence from dust-reddened to UV-clear phases driven by outflows.
-
JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) Data Release 5: stellar population catalogue for galaxies in GOODS-N and GOODS-S
JADES DR5 delivers a public catalog of Bayesian-inferred stellar masses, SFRs, SFHs, dust, metallicities, and AGN contributions for ~500k galaxies via Prospector with an evolving SFMS prior.
-
Halo-driven Origin and Suppression of Over-massive Black Holes and Little Red Dots
Halo-driven transient rapid growth followed by thermodynamic suppression explains over-massive black holes and Little Red Dots as precursors to standard SMBH-galaxy coevolution.
-
Stardust Galaxies at z>9: A Dust-Origin Transition Behind the Excess of UV-Bright Galaxies
At z>9, the UV-bright galaxy excess can be explained by supernova-produced dust with low FUV opacity (κ≈10^3–10^4 cm^2/g) plus porous geometry and modest star-formation efficiency evolution.
-
The galaxy ultraviolet luminosity function from $z=7$ to $15$ in the COLIBRE simulations
COLIBRE simulations underpredict bright-end UV galaxy luminosities by 1 to 2.5 magnitudes at z=7-15 compared with observations, with the discrepancy persisting after dust attenuation and uncertainty accounting.
-
The LISA Astrophysics MBHcatalogues Project: A comparison of predictions of simulated massive black hole binaries
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
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Gravitational Waves from the Cosmic Dawn: Tracing Cosmic Black Hole Binaries with ET, LGWA and LISA
Super-Eddington accretion boosts predicted LISA detections of high-redshift black hole binaries to ~64 per year while dropping ET detections to ~4 per year, compared to ~32 and ~64 under Eddington-limited growth.
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Extreme Values of Black Hole to Stellar Mass Ratio for High-Redshift Galaxies
Extreme-value statistics applied to JWST high-redshift galaxy data predicts a black hole to stellar mass ratio of approximately 0.24.
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A Sample of Active Galactic Nuclei with Intermediate-mass Black Holes Extended to $z \approx$ 0.6
A new sample of 930 IMBH AGNs at z up to 0.57 is compiled from SDSS, with preliminary evidence of declining maximum accretion rates and Hα luminosities toward lower redshifts.
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SEEDZ: Rapid Galaxy Assembly as a Pathway to Supermassive Stars, Dense Stellar Environments and Massive Black Hole Seeds
Rapid halo growth in SEEDZ simulations enables heavy black hole seed formation via supermassive stars at a comoving number density of 0.1 cMpc^{-3} by z=10, with most seeds in near-solar metallicity gas.
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The Incidence of Large Ionized Bubbles at Redshift 13
Using JWST UV luminosity functions, the surface density of galaxy-driven ionized bubbles with radius ≥2.5 cMpc at z≈13 is estimated at 1.33×10^{-2} arcmin^{-2} per Δz=1 in a fiducial model with f_esc=0.2 and log ξ_ion=25.5.
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The X-ray-to-UV relation does not evolve in homogeneous quasar samples
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
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The role of major mergers in triggering super-Eddington accretion
High-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations find that major mergers do not trigger sustained super-Eddington black hole accretion in low-mass halos when feedback is included; episodes occur only immediately after seeding or with feedback disabled.
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Redshift Evolution of the Ratio of Supermassive Black Hole Mass to Stellar Mass
Simulations and analytic modeling predict that the supermassive black hole to stellar mass ratio peaks at several percent around redshift 7-10 before declining toward the present day.
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Unveiling the Cosmic Dawn with SHARP: Probing extended Lyman-$\alpha$ nebulae in a Universe less than 600 Myr old
SHARP on ELT will enable the first mapping of z>9 Lyα nebulae at scales from 150 pc to 100 kpc.
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How can we finally see the first light? Status and perspective in the search for Population III stars
A review of theoretical models for the first stars and observational strategies including JWST searches, near-field studies, and lensing, noting growing candidates and narrowing parameter space.
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High-Redshift Signatures from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization
A review chapter summarizing theoretical 21-cm signatures from Cosmic Dawn and Reionization and their detectability with SKA-Low.
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Exploring the Cosmic Dawn through the 21 cm Forest and High-redshift Radio Sources with the SKA
Review of 21 cm forest observations as a probe of the epoch of reionization and fundamental physics using the Square Kilometre Array.
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Massive black holes and their galaxies
A review summarizing detection methods, population statistics, and coevolution of supermassive black holes with host galaxies from early universe observations and simulations.