Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
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Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision
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State-of-the-art computer vision systems are trained to predict a fixed set of predetermined object categories. This restricted form of supervision limits their generality and usability since additional labeled data is needed to specify any other visual concept. Learning directly from raw text about images is a promising alternative which leverages a much broader source of supervision. We demonstrate that the simple pre-training task of predicting which caption goes with which image is an efficient and scalable way to learn SOTA image representations from scratch on a dataset of 400 million (image, text) pairs collected from the internet. After pre-training, natural language is used to reference learned visual concepts (or describe new ones) enabling zero-shot transfer of the model to downstream tasks. We study the performance of this approach by benchmarking on over 30 different existing computer vision datasets, spanning tasks such as OCR, action recognition in videos, geo-localization, and many types of fine-grained object classification. The model transfers non-trivially to most tasks and is often competitive with a fully supervised baseline without the need for any dataset specific training. For instance, we match the accuracy of the original ResNet-50 on ImageNet zero-shot without needing to use any of the 1.28 million training examples it was trained on. We release our code and pre-trained model weights at https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP.
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- abstract State-of-the-art computer vision systems are trained to predict a fixed set of predetermined object categories. This restricted form of supervision limits their generality and usability since additional labeled data is needed to specify any other visual concept. Learning directly from raw text about images is a promising alternative which leverages a much broader source of supervision. We demonstrate that the simple pre-training task of predicting which caption goes with which image is an efficient and scalable way to learn SOTA image representations from scratch on a dataset of 400 million (i
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representative citing papers
Task vectors from weight differences allow arithmetic operations to edit pre-trained models, improving multiple tasks simultaneously and enabling analogical inference on unseen tasks.
Cross-attention control in text-conditioned models enables localized and global image edits by editing only the input text prompt.
Textual Inversion learns a single embedding vector from a few images to represent personal concepts inside the text embedding space of a frozen text-to-image model, enabling their composition in natural language prompts.
GenRecon lifts object-level generative priors to scene-scale reconstruction by chunking scenes and using projection-based conditioning on multi-view features, claiming 16% better results than prior methods.
Introduces Latent Adversarial Robustification and Rank-Constrained Subspace Learning to enable robust generalization in multimodal knowledge editing through adversarial subspace alignment.
CEDAR learns an invertible rotation of vision-language embeddings to concentrate semantics into sparse, axis-aligned coordinates for improved interpretability.
Introduces the USV dataset of 224K short user-generated videos and benchmarks topic recognition plus video-text retrieval with MMF-Net and VTCL baselines.
VASA is a vision-guided agent for open ad-hoc segmentation that creates and validates masks through planning, tool use, and error recovery, outperforming baselines on the new PARS benchmark and RefCOCOm.
Creativity is defined as meta-learning where a frozen diffusion creator optimizes candidates for rapid improvement by an adapting appraiser such as an autoencoder or CLIP adapter.
QuBD extends algorithmic complexity estimation to quantized DNN weights, revealing that complexity decreases during learning, increases with overfitting, follows grokking patterns, and correlates with generalization.
SMA uses a submodular mutual information objective on data sets to deliver competitive zero-shot classification and retrieval performance on CLIP benchmarks with only tens of thousands of samples, orders of magnitude fewer than standard approaches.
Embedding Temporal Logic (ETL) performs runtime monitoring directly in learned embedding spaces using distance-based predicates composed with temporal operators, supported by conformal calibration for reliable predicate evaluation.
PRISM-VL improves VLM performance by grounding on RAW-derived Meas.-XYZ inputs and exposure-bracketed supervision, gaining +0.1074 BLEU and +4.46% LLM-Judge accuracy over an RGB baseline on a held-out benchmark.
FLARE is a new benchmark with 399 long videos, 87k multimodal clips, and 275k user-style queries for testing audiovisual retrieval under caption and query regimes.
UniShield introduces a knowledge-graph-informed multimodal framework that improves unified detection of physical and digital face attacks through instruction tuning and consistency-optimized reasoning.
Classification fields are infinite recursive hierarchical cluster structures generated by a local refinement rule, and a ReLU network predictor learned from finite prefixes can approximate the generator and extend it to deeper levels with exponential convergence in the completed cell metric.
Concept-based abductive and contrastive explanations find minimal high-level concepts that causally determine vision model outcomes on individual images or groups sharing a specified behavior.
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
TCD-Arena is a new customizable testing framework that runs millions of experiments to map how 33 different assumption violations affect time series causal discovery methods and shows ensembles can boost overall robustness.
The paper introduces the VODA setting for domain adaptation from scratch using vision-language models and presents TS-DRD, which achieves competitive performance on standard benchmarks without source models.
A weighted entropy active learning method for fair brain segmentation reduces group performance disparities by 75-86% versus standard entropy on synthetic biased MRI data.
Oracle Noise optimizes diffusion model noise on a Riemannian hypersphere guided by key prompt words to preserve the Gaussian prior, eliminate norm inflation, and achieve faster semantic alignment than Euclidean methods.
Z²-Sampling implicitly realizes zero-cost zigzag trajectories for curvature-aware semantic alignment in diffusion models by reducing multi-step paths via operator dualities and temporal caching while synthesizing a directional derivative penalty.
citing papers explorer
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Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolution
Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
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Editing Models with Task Arithmetic
Task vectors from weight differences allow arithmetic operations to edit pre-trained models, improving multiple tasks simultaneously and enabling analogical inference on unseen tasks.
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Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Control
Cross-attention control in text-conditioned models enables localized and global image edits by editing only the input text prompt.
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An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversion
Textual Inversion learns a single embedding vector from a few images to represent personal concepts inside the text embedding space of a frozen text-to-image model, enabling their composition in natural language prompts.
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GenRecon: Bridging Generative Priors for Multi-View 3D Scene Reconstruction
GenRecon lifts object-level generative priors to scene-scale reconstruction by chunking scenes and using projection-based conditioning on multi-view features, claiming 16% better results than prior methods.
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Beyond Binary Edits Robust Multimodal Knowledge Editing with Adversarial Subspace Alignment
Introduces Latent Adversarial Robustification and Rank-Constrained Subspace Learning to enable robust generalization in multimodal knowledge editing through adversarial subspace alignment.
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Conceptualizing Embeddings: Sparse Disentanglement for Vision-Language Models
CEDAR learns an invertible rotation of vision-language embeddings to concentrate semantics into sparse, axis-aligned coordinates for improved interpretability.
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USV: Towards Understanding the User-generated Short-form Videos
Introduces the USV dataset of 224K short user-generated videos and benchmarks topic recognition plus video-text retrieval with MMF-Net and VTCL baselines.
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Vision Harnessing Agent for Open Ad-hoc Segmentation
VASA is a vision-guided agent for open ad-hoc segmentation that creates and validates masks through planning, tool use, and error recovery, outperforming baselines on the new PARS benchmark and RefCOCOm.
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Seeking the Unfamiliar but Memorable: Conceptual Creativity as Meta-Learning
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Characterizing Learning in Deep Neural Networks using Tractable Algorithmic Complexity Analysis
QuBD extends algorithmic complexity estimation to quantized DNN weights, revealing that complexity decreases during learning, increases with overfitting, follows grokking patterns, and correlates with generalization.
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SMA: Submodular Modality Aligner For Data Efficient Multimodal Learning
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Runtime Monitoring of Perception-Based Autonomous Systems via Embedding Temporal Logic
Embedding Temporal Logic (ETL) performs runtime monitoring directly in learned embedding spaces using distance-based predicates composed with temporal operators, supported by conformal calibration for reliable predicate evaluation.
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Allegory of the Cave: Measurement-Grounded Vision-Language Learning
PRISM-VL improves VLM performance by grounding on RAW-derived Meas.-XYZ inputs and exposure-bracketed supervision, gaining +0.1074 BLEU and +4.46% LLM-Judge accuracy over an RGB baseline on a held-out benchmark.
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FLARE: Full-Modality Long-Video Audiovisual Retrieval Benchmark with User-Simulated Queries
FLARE is a new benchmark with 399 long videos, 87k multimodal clips, and 275k user-style queries for testing audiovisual retrieval under caption and query regimes.
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UniShield: Unified Face Attack Detection via KG-Informed Multimodal Reasoning
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Classification Fields: Arbitrarily Fine Recursive Hierarchical Clustering From Few Examples
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Concept-Based Abductive and Contrastive Explanations for Behaviors of Vision Models
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OA-WAM: Object-Addressable World Action Model for Robust Robot Manipulation
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
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TCD-Arena: Assessing Robustness of Time Series Causal Discovery Methods Against Assumption Violations
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Rethinking the Need for Source Models: Source-Free Domain Adaptation from Scratch Guided by a Vision-Language Model
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Exploring Entropy-based Active Learning for Fair Brain Segmentation
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Oracle Noise: Faster Semantic Spherical Alignment for Interpretable Latent Optimization
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$Z^2$-Sampling: Zero-Cost Zigzag Trajectories for Semantic Alignment in Diffusion Models
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MMEB-V3: Measuring the Performance Gaps of Omni-Modality Embedding Models
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Latent Space Probing for Adult Content Detection in Video Generative Models
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Video Analysis and Generation via a Semantic Progress Function
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Modality-Agnostic Prompt Learning for Multi-Modal Camouflaged Object Detection
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Bottleneck Tokens for Unified Multimodal Retrieval
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WildDet3D: Scaling Promptable 3D Detection in the Wild
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Revealing Physical-World Semantic Vulnerabilities: Universal Adversarial Patches for Infrared Vision-Language Models
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Self-Directed Task Identification
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Setting-Matched and Semantics-Scaled Benchmarking of One-Step Generative Models Against Multistep Diffusion and Flow Models
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PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generation
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AudioMoG: Guiding Audio Generation with Mixture-of-Guidance
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ANCHOR: LLM-driven Subject Conditioning for Text-to-Image Synthesis
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Visual Instruction Tuning
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BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models
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LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models
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Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning
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