Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
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Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method
Tool reference. 72% of classified Pith citations use this work as a method, library, or software dependency, not as a substantive claim.
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abstract
The aim of this work is to describe in detail the POWHEG method, first suggested by one of the authors, for interfacing parton-shower generators with NLO QCD computations. We describe the method in its full generality, and then specify its features in two subtraction frameworks for NLO calculations: the Catani-Seymour and the Frixione-Kunszt-Signer approach. Two examples are discussed in detail in both approaches: the production of hadrons in e+e- collisions, and the Drell-Yan vector-boson production in hadronic collisions.
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representative citing papers
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
First differential measurement of muon neutrino-nucleon cross section and flux in six TeV-scale energy bins using FASER at the LHC, with results consistent with Standard Model expectations.
NNLO+PS matching for gluon-fusion Higgs pair production is implemented in MiNNLOPS with approximate top-mass effects, validated against fixed-order NNLO and compared to GENEVA, with results for decay channels and trilinear coupling variations.
CMS measures Υ(1S,2S,3S) → τ⁺τ⁻ with 5.8σ significance and cross section 3.5 ± 0.7 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) nb while setting 95% CL upper limits of 40-400 pb on spin-zero resonance production to ττ with no observed excess in 61.9 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV data.
A resonance-sensitive metric using relative transverse momenta allows cell resampling to reduce negative weights in NLO W+2jets samples while preserving resonance predictions with high accuracy.
A multiplicative matching scheme reweights Born-level events in PYTHIA 8 so the first parton shower emission follows the real NLO matrix element, improving agreement with HERA DIS data.
CMS reports a simultaneous measurement of 25 N-subjettiness observables in 1-, 2-, and 3-prong jets, unfolded to stable particles with particle-level correlations for QCD modeling.
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
No excess observed; first LHC search sets 95% CL upper limits on H to AA to 4e branching fraction down to 10^{-5} for 10-100 MeV masses and short lifetimes.
First NLO-QCD amplitude-assisted ML regression for longitudinal-boson production rate in di-boson events at the LHC, benchmarked against random forests.
Proof-of-concept for NLO matrix element method via POWHEG projections applied to fully leptonic WW production in SMEFT, demonstrating near-optimal classification of BSM versus SM events using lepton correlations.
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
NLO QCD plus parton-shower matched implementation for VBF Higgs plus photon production, with studies showing small shower effects on Higgs observables and larger effects on sub-leading jets.
CMS excludes κ_VV outside 0.40-1.60 at 95% CL and constrains κ_2W and κ_2Z using VBS events with a boosted Higgs to bb decay.
No significant excess observed in four-lepton events from heavy resonances, setting upper limits on production cross sections for dilepton masses 0.4-15 GeV using novel merged-object techniques.
No excess found in search for T' to top plus phi; excludes T' masses 0.85-1.3 TeV at 95% CL for SM Higgs case with 5% width, and sets cross-section limits as low as 0.1 fb.
PaRT achieves >50% tagging efficiency for boosted H->WW jets at 1% background efficiency, decorrelated from jet mass, with data-to-simulation scale factors of 0.9-1.0 on 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV collisions.
The first measurement of charged-particle dijet invariant mass spectra shows no significant nuclear modification in p-Pb collisions at low masses.
No significant excess is observed in leptonic W/Z plus high-multiplicity soft-particle events, setting limits on Higgs to SUEP decays across a range of model parameters.
Top quark mass measured at 172.17 ± 1.56 GeV via unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to m(ℓ μ⁺μ⁻) in ATLAS Run 2 data using J/ψ decays.
ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
ATLAS reports a new measurement of the Higgs signal strength in the VBF plus photon channel with H to bb decay, obtaining 0.2 ± 0.7 using an improved neural-network-based analysis on 133 fb^{-1} of data.
Electroweak diboson plus high-mass dijet production observed at 7.4 sigma with signal strength 1.28, plus first semileptonic-channel limits on S02, T0 and M0 Wilson coefficients.
citing papers explorer
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Proton Structure from Neural Simulation-Based Inference at the LHC
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
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Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
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First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Interaction Cross Section and Flux as a Function of Energy at the LHC with FASER
First differential measurement of muon neutrino-nucleon cross section and flux in six TeV-scale energy bins using FASER at the LHC, with results consistent with Standard Model expectations.
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NNLO+PS Higgs-pair production in MiNNLOPS
NNLO+PS matching for gluon-fusion Higgs pair production is implemented in MiNNLOPS with approximate top-mass effects, validated against fixed-order NNLO and compared to GENEVA, with results for decay channels and trilinear coupling variations.
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Search for low-mass resonances decaying to $\tau\tau$ and measurement of the $\Upsilon$ $\to$ $\tau\tau$ decay in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
CMS measures Υ(1S,2S,3S) → τ⁺τ⁻ with 5.8σ significance and cross section 3.5 ± 0.7 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) nb while setting 95% CL upper limits of 40-400 pb on spin-zero resonance production to ττ with no observed excess in 61.9 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV data.
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Precision Cell Resampling with a Relative and Resonant Aware Metric
A resonance-sensitive metric using relative transverse momenta allows cell resampling to reduce negative weights in NLO W+2jets samples while preserving resonance predictions with high accuracy.
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Multiplicative matching of neutral current deep-inelastic scattering processes at next-to-leading order in PYTHIA 8
A multiplicative matching scheme reweights Born-level events in PYTHIA 8 so the first parton shower emission follows the real NLO matrix element, improving agreement with HERA DIS data.
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Simultaneous measurements of $N$-subjettiness observables in jets from gluons and light-flavour quarks, and in decays of boosted W bosons and top quarks
CMS reports a simultaneous measurement of 25 N-subjettiness observables in 1-, 2-, and 3-prong jets, unfolded to stable particles with particle-level correlations for QCD modeling.
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Evidence of ZZ$\gamma$ production and observation of $4\ell\gamma$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
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Search for light pseudoscalar bosons, pair-produced in Higgs boson decays in the four-electron final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess observed; first LHC search sets 95% CL upper limits on H to AA to 4e branching fraction down to 10^{-5} for 10-100 MeV masses and short lifetimes.
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Higher-order effects in amplitude-assisted polarisation extraction with machine-learning techniques
First NLO-QCD amplitude-assisted ML regression for longitudinal-boson production rate in di-boson events at the LHC, benchmarked against random forests.
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Matrix element method at NLO: A fine proof of concept in POWHEG
Proof-of-concept for NLO matrix element method via POWHEG projections applied to fully leptonic WW production in SMEFT, demonstrating near-optimal classification of BSM versus SM events using lepton correlations.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
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NLO QCD and parton-shower effects for Higgs-boson production in association with a hard photon via vector-boson fusion
NLO QCD plus parton-shower matched implementation for VBF Higgs plus photon production, with studies showing small shower effects on Higgs observables and larger effects on sub-leading jets.
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Search for associated production of a Higgs boson and two vector bosons via vector boson scattering at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS excludes κ_VV outside 0.40-1.60 at 95% CL and constrains κ_2W and κ_2Z using VBS events with a boosted Higgs to bb decay.
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Search for heavy resonances decaying into four-lepton final states via light bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess observed in four-lepton events from heavy resonances, setting upper limits on production cross sections for dilepton masses 0.4-15 GeV using novel merged-object techniques.
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Search for a new heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a neutral scalar boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess found in search for T' to top plus phi; excludes T' masses 0.85-1.3 TeV at 95% CL for SM Higgs case with 5% width, and sets cross-section limits as low as 0.1 fb.
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Particle transformers for identifying Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to a pair of W bosons
PaRT achieves >50% tagging efficiency for boosted H->WW jets at 1% background efficiency, decorrelated from jet mass, with data-to-simulation scale factors of 0.9-1.0 on 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV collisions.
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Dijet invariant mass of charged-particle jets in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
The first measurement of charged-particle dijet invariant mass spectra shows no significant nuclear modification in p-Pb collisions at low masses.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns produced in association with a W or Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess is observed in leptonic W/Z plus high-multiplicity soft-particle events, setting limits on Higgs to SUEP decays across a range of model parameters.
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Measurement of the top-quark mass using decays with a $J/\psi$ meson at $\sqrt{s}=$13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Top quark mass measured at 172.17 ± 1.56 GeV via unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to m(ℓ μ⁺μ⁻) in ATLAS Run 2 data using J/ψ decays.
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Observation of $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
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Search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a high-energy photon via vector-boson fusion and decaying to a pair of $b$-quarks in the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports a new measurement of the Higgs signal strength in the VBF plus photon channel with H to bb decay, obtaining 0.2 ± 0.7 using an improved neural-network-based analysis on 133 fb^{-1} of data.
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Electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Electroweak diboson plus high-mass dijet production observed at 7.4 sigma with signal strength 1.28, plus first semileptonic-channel limits on S02, T0 and M0 Wilson coefficients.
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Study of ZZ and ZH production in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state and search for high-mass spin-0 and spin-1 resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS sets 95% CL upper limits on σ(X)B(X→ZZ) (300 pb–24 fb) and σ(Z')B(Z'→ZH) (0.4 pb–12 fb) for resonances up to 6 TeV in the bbττ channel with no SM deviation observed.
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Probing the Higgs-top Yukawa interaction in the $t\bar{t}H$ and $tH$ processes using $H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS measures ttH cross section times BR(H→γγ) at 1.13 SM with 164 fb⁻¹ at 13.6 TeV, sets tH limit at 6.2 SM, and combined with prior data excludes |α|>38° and purely CP-odd coupling at 5.8σ.
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Search for light scalar particles produced in Higgs boson decays in exclusive final states with two muons and two hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS obtains O(10^{-4}) upper limits on Higgs branching fraction to light scalars (0.4-2 GeV) decaying to muon-hadron pairs with lifetimes up to ~1 mm.
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Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
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Inclusive charm and bottom quark pair production cross sections at hadron colliders at next-to-next-to-leading-order accuracy
NNLO QCD calculations using the MaunaKea code enhance c cbar and b bbar production cross sections by up to a factor of two over NLO predictions, reduce scale uncertainties, and match experimental data from 10 GeV to 14 TeV while suggesting PDF and mass constraints.
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Search for pair production of additional neutral scalars within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV
No significant excess found; new exclusion limits reach m_H = 108 GeV for m_H - m_A = 78 GeV in the Inert Doublet Model.
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Search for light charged Higgs bosons decaying to charm and strange quarks in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for light charged Higgs bosons in ttbar events; upper limits set on B(t to H±b) of 0.07-1.12% at 95% CL for masses 40-160 GeV assuming 100% decay to cs.
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Towards a Fully Automated Differential $\text{NNLO}_\text{EW}$ Generator for Lepton Colliders
A framework based on the YFS theorem enables process-independent local IR subtraction and resummation matching for automated NNLO_EW calculations in lepton collider processes.
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Measurement of the dineutrino system kinematic variables in dileptonic top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at$\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Differential cross sections for ttbar production in e+e-, mu+mu-, and e mu channels measured versus dineutrino pT and azimuthal separation using 138 fb-1 of 13 TeV CMS data, unfolded to particle level with unregularized least squares and found consistent with SM and MC predictions.
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Measurement of the $W$-boson angular coefficients and transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports the first measurement of the complete angular coefficients and pT-differential cross sections for W+ and W- bosons in full lepton phase space at 13 TeV, finding agreement with QCD predictions up to order α_S².
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High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment
CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 data, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
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A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX
The POWHEG BOX provides a general computer code framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs according to the POWHEG method.
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Search for new physics using single-lepton events with high multiplicities of jets and b jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess found in single-lepton high-multiplicity jet events; gluino masses below 1890 GeV excluded at 95% CL in R-parity violating SUSY model.
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Analysis of the $C\!P$ structure of the Yukawa coupling between the Higgs boson and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
Combined CMS result gives α^{Hττ} = 7 ± 16° for the CP mixing angle in H→ττ, consistent with SM expectation of 0 ± 14°.
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Measurement of the cross-section for the production of a $W$ boson in association with $b$-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Fiducial cross-section for W+b-jets at 13 TeV measured as 16.6±1.9 pb, consistent with NLO QCD prediction of 16.8±2.3 pb with twice the previous precision.
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MAcNLOPS for ZZ Pair Production at the LHC
MAcNLOPS is implemented for ZZ production at the LHC, eliminating negative H weights via a shower veto on S events while agreeing with MC@NLO except for small low-pT effects.
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Measurements of the Higgs boson production, fiducial and differential cross-sections in the four lepton decay channel using 164 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Higgs boson cross-section in H→4ℓ measured as 3.65 fb with new LHC data, consistent with SM expectation of 3.68 fb and signal strength 0.99±0.13.
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Search for the nonresonant production of a pair of additional Higgs bosons in the Type-X two-Higgs-doublet model in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for additional Higgs boson pairs in Type-X 2HDM; new limits exclude the model for explaining the muon anomalous magnetic moment anomaly.
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First measurements of vector boson scattering in W$^\pm$W$^{\pm}$ and WZ production in all-leptonic final states at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
CMS observes electroweak W±W± and WZ production with two jets at 13.6 TeV with >5σ significance in all-leptonic final states using 171 fb⁻¹ of data.
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Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Updated constraints from the full Run 2 dataset show no evidence for anomalous Higgs couplings in gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production modes decaying to two photons.
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Search for charginos and neutralinos with $B-L$ $R$-parity violating decays in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and $13.6$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
No evidence for charginos and neutralinos in R-parity violating Higgs-decay channels; masses 150-1100 GeV excluded at 95% CL assuming equal lepton branching fractions.
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Study of $t\bar{t}$ threshold effects in $e\mu$ differential distributions measured in $\sqrt{s}=13$\,TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS data on eμ invariant mass and angle distributions in 13 TeV collisions are better described by ttbar models that include color-singlet quasi-bound states near threshold, with fits showing over 3 sigma evidence and a cross-section matching dedicated threshold studies.
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Improved results on Higgs boson pair production in the 4b final state
CMS sets an observed upper limit of 4.4 on the HH signal strength μ_HH in the 4b final state at 13.6 TeV, improving prior LHC results by more than a factor of two in the resolved topology.
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Measurement of the Z $\to$ $\mu^+\mu^-$ angular coefficients in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity
New double-differential measurement of angular coefficients A0-A7 in Drell-Yan muon pair production in eight pT and two rapidity bins, compared to NNLO pQCD.
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Search for dark matter produced in association with a dark Higgs boson decaying into a bottom quark-antiquark pair in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
New upper limits exclude mediator masses up to 4.5 TeV for a 50 GeV dark Higgs and up to 2.5 TeV for 150 GeV in a spin-1 mediator dark matter model, the most stringent to date for these masses.
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Search for quantum black holes in lepton+jet final states using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess of high-mass lepton+jet events is observed in 164 fb^{-1} of 13.6 TeV pp collisions, setting 95% CL upper limits on quantum black hole production cross-section times branching ratio that reach a mass scale of 9.4 TeV.