Causality anchored to χEFT at low density implies the closed-form bound R(2.0 M_⊙) ≤ 1.16 R(1.4 M_⊙) − 1.1 km for neutron stars sharing one causal EoS, saturated by an analytic one-parameter family.
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A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
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abstract
Many physically motivated extensions to general relativity (GR) predict significant deviations in the properties of spacetime surrounding massive neutron stars. We report the measurement of a 2.01 +/- 0.04 solar mass pulsar in a 2.46-hr orbit with a 0.172 +/- 0.003 solar mass white dwarf. The high pulsar mass and the compact orbit make this system a sensitive laboratory of a previously untested strong-field gravity regime. Thus far, the observed orbital decay agrees with GR, supporting its validity even for the extreme conditions present in the system. The resulting constraints on deviations support the use of GR-based templates for ground-based gravitational wave detectors. Additionally, the system strengthens recent constraints on the properties of dense matter and provides insight to binary stellar astrophysics and pulsar recycling.
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representative citing papers
Bayesian analysis of a smooth hadron-quark crossover EOS finds current observations tightly constrain the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy while leaving highest-density hadronic and quark-matter parameters only weakly constrained.
Lambda hyperons equilibrate rapidly in post-collapse proto-neutron stars through nonleptonic NN to N Lambda processes and enhance low-energy muon neutrino opacities beyond nucleonic contributions.
Hybrid stars with a 2SC+⟨dd⟩ quark core cool hotter than with 2SC and near CFL; with a 3P2 gap near 5×10^8 K their cooling curves pass through the observed temperatures of 3C58, Vela Jr., and Vela-like pulsars.
Slow hadron-quark conversion in hybrid neutron stars creates extended stable 'waterfall' branches, reviving stiff hadronic equations of state that rapid-conversion analyses reject.
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
Heavy scalar fields in neutron stars form interior shell-localized profiles that reshape the effective equation of state and break the I-Q relation while remaining hidden from binary pulsar observations.
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
In massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory, a nonzero vector vacuum asymptotically forbids both curvature-vector couplings at once, and the A²R sector yields Schwarzschild-like black holes plus neutron stars that can deviate from general relativity.
Hierarchical Bayesian inference on 20 high-SNR simulated binary neutron star events shows a linear lnΛ-lnQ relation suffices and constrains dynamical Chern-Simons gravity length scale to ≤10 km.
Bayesian NS EoS study using full nuclear posterior distributions and consistent crust modeling finds increased surface thickness and crustal moment of inertia relative to prior work.
A conservative f(R,T) gravity reformulation decouples the gravitational sector from the microphysical equation of state, enabling computation of neutron star mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that satisfy current astrophysical constraints.
A physics-informed Bayesian neural network learns neutron-star equations of state from theoretical priors and constraints, then generates posterior mass-radius and mass-tidal-deformability distributions consistent with NICER radii and 2-solar-mass limits.
Emulator-assisted Bayesian inference of an extended Skyrme EDF, jointly constrained by nuclear observables, ab initio calculations, and NICER data, produces posteriors yielding consistent neutron star crust and core properties with a provided multivariate Gaussian for bulk nuclear matter parameters.
EP250905a is best explained as a mildly off-axis structured-jet afterglow at z=2.714, possibly weakly magnified by a foreground galaxy at z=0.374.
Mass-gap compact objects could be hybrid stars only with very early deconfinement and stiff quark matter; confirming 1.4 M⊙ twin stars would cap hybrid-star maximum mass below 2.2 M⊙.
Joint NICER+IXPE pulse-profile modeling of SRGA J144459.2-604207 favors large neutron-star mass and radius with two independent hotspots but shows strong sensitivity to joint-analysis methodology.
A constrained evolutionary pipeline identifies over 14,000 causal EoS reconciling GW170817 and GW190814 with non-monotonic sound speeds, M_max 2.3-2.8 solar masses, and R_1.4 around 12 km.
Axial modes of anisotropic neutron stars are integrated numerically for realistic EOS; frequency falls with mass, damping time rises, and scaled quantities follow a near-universal quadratic in compactness that is largely EOS-insensitive but mildly model-dependent.
Roughly half of realistic neutron-star equations of state produce stars with negative Ricci scalar inside, and an improved analytic fit links gravitational mass M to baryonic mass Mb with maximum 3 percent variance.
Holographic model of massive deconfined quarks yields a stiff enough equation of state to allow stable 2-solar-mass hybrid stars with quark cores for certain nuclear phases.
Different parametrizations of density dependence in covariant density functionals produce significant variations in the high-density equation of state and symmetry energy, with rational-function forms providing flexibility when saturation properties are adjusted and constrained by multimessenger ast
Quasi-universal relations connect the trace anomaly profile of neutron star matter to stellar compactness, moment of inertia, and tidal deformability, yielding a central value estimate of Δ_c = 0.1770^{+0.0365}_{-0.0432} for a 1.4 M_⊙ star.
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
citing papers explorer
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Causality alone bounds the maximum radius difference between different-mass neutron stars
Causality anchored to χEFT at low density implies the closed-form bound R(2.0 M_⊙) ≤ 1.16 R(1.4 M_⊙) − 1.1 km for neutron stars sharing one causal EoS, saturated by an analytic one-parameter family.
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Bayesian Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State with a Smooth Hadron-Quark Crossover
Bayesian analysis of a smooth hadron-quark crossover EOS finds current observations tightly constrain the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy while leaving highest-density hadronic and quark-matter parameters only weakly constrained.
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$\Lambda$ hyperons in core-collapse supernovae: Equilibration and neutrino opacities
Lambda hyperons equilibrate rapidly in post-collapse proto-neutron stars through nonleptonic NN to N Lambda processes and enhance low-energy muon neutrino opacities beyond nucleonic contributions.
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Cooling of Hybrid Stars with a 2SC+$<dd>$ Phase
Hybrid stars with a 2SC+⟨dd⟩ quark core cool hotter than with 2SC and near CFL; with a 3P2 gap near 5×10^8 K their cooling curves pass through the observed temperatures of 3C58, Vela Jr., and Vela-like pulsars.
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Systematic study of the morphology and length of slow stable hybrid star branches
Slow hadron-quark conversion in hybrid neutron stars creates extended stable 'waterfall' branches, reviving stiff hadronic equations of state that rapid-conversion analyses reject.
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Is the coexistence of strange quark stars and hadronic stars favored by astrophysical data? A Bayesian analysis
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
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Donutization Inside Neutron Stars: Shell-Localized Scalar Fields
Heavy scalar fields in neutron stars form interior shell-localized profiles that reshape the effective equation of state and break the I-Q relation while remaining hidden from binary pulsar observations.
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Massquerade: Impacts of Mass Ratio Reversals on Binary Black Hole Merger Rates and Mass Distributions
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
-
Black holes and neutron stars in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory
In massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory, a nonzero vector vacuum asymptotically forbids both curvature-vector couplings at once, and the A²R sector yields Schwarzschild-like black holes plus neutron stars that can deviate from general relativity.
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Inferring neutron-star Love-Q relations from gravitational waves in the hierarchical Bayesian framework
Hierarchical Bayesian inference on 20 high-SNR simulated binary neutron star events shows a linear lnΛ-lnQ relation suffices and constrains dynamical Chern-Simons gravity length scale to ≤10 km.
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Properties of the neutron star crust informed by nuclear structure data
Bayesian NS EoS study using full nuclear posterior distributions and consistent crust modeling finds increased surface thickness and crustal moment of inertia relative to prior work.
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Neutron stars in a conservative $f(R,T)$ gravity
A conservative f(R,T) gravity reformulation decouples the gravitational sector from the microphysical equation of state, enabling computation of neutron star mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that satisfy current astrophysical constraints.
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A Physics Informed Bayesian Neural Network for the Neutron Star Equation of State
A physics-informed Bayesian neural network learns neutron-star equations of state from theoretical priors and constraints, then generates posterior mass-radius and mass-tidal-deformability distributions consistent with NICER radii and 2-solar-mass limits.
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Emulator-Assisted Nuclear DFT Inference and Its Consequences for the Structure of Neutron Stars
Emulator-assisted Bayesian inference of an extended Skyrme EDF, jointly constrained by nuclear observables, ab initio calculations, and NICER data, produces posteriors yielding consistent neutron star crust and core properties with a provided multivariate Gaussian for bulk nuclear matter parameters.
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Multi-wavelength Constraints on the Transient EP250905a
EP250905a is best explained as a mildly off-axis structured-jet afterglow at z=2.714, possibly weakly magnified by a foreground galaxy at z=0.374.
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Hybrid stars among mass gap objects are excluded by twin stars at $1.4\,M_\odot$
Mass-gap compact objects could be hybrid stars only with very early deconfinement and stiff quark matter; confirming 1.4 M⊙ twin stars would cap hybrid-star maximum mass below 2.2 M⊙.
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Pulse profile modelling of the 2024 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar SRGA J144459.2-604207
Joint NICER+IXPE pulse-profile modeling of SRGA J144459.2-604207 favors large neutron-star mass and radius with two independent hotspots but shows strong sensitivity to joint-analysis methodology.
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Reconciling GW170817 and GW190814 with a Nonmonotonic Sound-Speed Equation of State
A constrained evolutionary pipeline identifies over 14,000 causal EoS reconciling GW170817 and GW190814 with non-monotonic sound speeds, M_max 2.3-2.8 solar masses, and R_1.4 around 12 km.
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Nonradial oscillations of realistic anisotropic neutron stars: Axial modes
Axial modes of anisotropic neutron stars are integrated numerically for realistic EOS; frequency falls with mass, damping time rises, and scaled quantities follow a near-universal quadratic in compactness that is largely EOS-insensitive but mildly model-dependent.
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General gravitational properties of neutron stars: curvature invariants, binding energy, and trace anomaly
Roughly half of realistic neutron-star equations of state produce stars with negative Ricci scalar inside, and an improved analytic fit links gravitational mass M to baryonic mass Mb with maximum 3 percent variance.
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Properties of Stable Massive Quark Stars in Holography
Holographic model of massive deconfined quarks yields a stiff enough equation of state to allow stable 2-solar-mass hybrid stars with quark cores for certain nuclear phases.
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Bayesian inferences on covariant density functionals from multimessenger astrophysical data: Influences of parametrizations of density dependent couplings
Different parametrizations of density dependence in covariant density functionals produce significant variations in the high-density equation of state and symmetry energy, with rational-function forms providing flexibility when saturation properties are adjusted and constrained by multimessenger ast
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Tracing the Trace Anomaly of Dense Matter inside Neutron Stars
Quasi-universal relations connect the trace anomaly profile of neutron star matter to stellar compactness, moment of inertia, and tidal deformability, yielding a central value estimate of Δ_c = 0.1770^{+0.0365}_{-0.0432} for a 1.4 M_⊙ star.
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Axion-photon conversion in transient compact stars: Systematics, constraints, and opportunities
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
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$f$-mode Oscillations for Hyperons and H-dibaryons in Neutron Stars
The study examines the effects of hyperons and H-dibaryons on f-mode oscillations in neutron stars using the quark meson coupling model and tests universal relations in the Cowling approximation.
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Constraining light fermionic dark matter with binary pulsars
Dynamical friction from a degenerate fermionic dark matter background induces measurable secular decay in binary pulsar orbital periods, with sensitivity to fermion masses ≳50 eV and example upper bounds around 1 keV from Milky Way data.
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Neutron star with dark matter using vector portal
Vector-portal fermionic dark matter softens or stiffens the neutron-star equation of state depending on Z' mass, producing mass-radius and tidal-deformability signatures constrained by GW170817 and NICER.
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Hyperonic equation of state for neutron stars: A systematic Bayesian comparison of density-dependent and non-linear relativistic mean-field models
Including hyperons reduces maximum neutron-star mass by 0.05-0.10 solar masses and increases radius at 1.4 solar masses by 0.5-0.8 km across all models while keeping every equation of state consistent with the 2-solar-mass limit.
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Can a Slow and Strong Phase Transition in Neutron Stars Relieve Major Compact-Star Observation Tensions?
Slow strong hadron-quark phase transitions allow stable hybrid-star branches that accommodate both high-mass and low-radius observations in two viable patterns from a parameter scan.
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Bayesian analysis of the shear modulus in the neutron-star crust
Bayesian modeling with informed priors reduces uncertainties in neutron-star crust shear properties, predicting torsional mode frequencies of 20-50 Hz compatible with observations.
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On the effect of higher order symmetry energy corrections in Skyrme models for neutron star matter
Higher-order isospin corrections in Skyrme EOSs significantly modify composition-sensitive quantities like proton fraction and chemical potential difference at supra-nuclear densities but leave bulk thermodynamic properties insensitive for most viable models.
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Sensitivity of the Neutron Star Equation of State Inferences to Mass and Radius Measurements
Theoretical inputs and the 2 solar mass lower limit dominate neutron star equation of state constraints across most densities, while radius data refines low densities and higher masses affect wider ranges.
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The compact neutron star in 4U 1746-37 revisited: Reassessing the mass and radius
Significant X-ray flux blocking in 4U 1746-37 allows the neutron star to have canonical mass and radius values of 1.59 solar masses and 13 km or 2.12 solar masses and 9.8 km.
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Impact of Anisotropy on Neutron Star Structure and Curvature
Moderate positive pressure anisotropy raises neutron star maximum mass to about 2.4 solar masses and compactness by up to 20 percent, with curvature scalars tied to matter showing strong sensitivity while the Weyl scalar stays largely insensitive.
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Equation of State Extrapolation Systematics: Parametric vs. Nonparametric Inference of Neutron Star Structure
Nonparametric GP-based high-density extensions yield softer EOS posteriors with larger uncertainties than parametric PP extensions when jointly constrained by multi-messenger neutron star observations.
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Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars
An extended PNJL model locates the QCD critical end point and predicts that proto-neutron stars contain hyperons and Delta-isobars but no deconfined quarks, which appear only in cold neutron stars.
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Anisotropic strange quark stars with a non-linear equation-of-state
Exact analytical solution for anisotropic CFL strange quark stars with non-linear EOS, satisfying energy conditions, yielding mass-radius profiles and compactness values.
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Constraining the scalar-tensor gravity theories with and without screening mechanisms by combined observations
Combined Cassini, LLR, and pulsar observations tighten bounds on scalar-tensor gravity with and without screening, with LLR improving SMG limits by over seven orders of magnitude.
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Pulsars in Globular Clusters With the SKAO
SKA-MID and SKA-LOW are predicted to discover 150–1700 new pulsars in Galactic globular clusters, more than doubling the current population of 345.
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Radial oscillations of quark stars in light of current astrophysical constraints: A comparative study
Comparative numerical study of radial modes in strange quark stars using CFL, interacting, and linear causal EOS shows all satisfy current mass-radius bounds and produce 4-7 kHz fundamental frequencies.
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Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.
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Spin effects in superfluidity, neutron matter and neutron stars
A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.
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Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.