First spectroscopic variability in a z~7 LRD shows rapid changes in both narrow and broad line regions, implying direct ionization from the central source to surrounding nebular gas.
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Defines a sample of ~1300 SDSS quasars as Local Red Dots matching LRD photometric colors at z~0.4-0.8, with a V-shaped subset showing Balmer absorption and [NeV] emission, and SEDs modeled as reddened AGN plus host galaxy that match LRD stacks.
LRD-204851 at z=5.482 shows a thin bipolar elongation several kpc long traced by UV and optical lines, with double-peaked Lyα and tentative N V supporting a biconical cavity from the central engine.
Lyα observations of Little Red Dots show luminosities and equivalent widths like normal star-forming galaxies but lower Lyα/Hα ratios and extended asymmetric emission, supporting a two-component model with host-scale gas.
High-resolution spectra show Balmer absorption in 4/10 LRDs with blue-shifted velocities and exponential wings, supporting a model of co-located partial-covering gas with inflow/outflow gradients.
The survey identifies 27 low-redshift LRDs with compact morphology, V-shaped continua, broad Balmer lines with extreme decrements, and ubiquitous outflows, matching high-z counterparts and yielding a number density lower limit of 7.5e-10 cMpc^-3.
Spectroscopic study of 11 LRDs at z~4 finds AGN origin for optical emission via broad Hα correlations and introduces a clumpy envelope model with growth timescales of 10^5-10^7 years.
Little Red Dots show soft ionizing spectra consistent with massive stars, based on high H-alpha EWs and low HeII/H-beta ratios that rule out hard AGN spectra via Cloudy modeling.
Derives GR jump conditions and self-similar shock solutions for SIS collapse to BH, showing shocks up to 0.4c, accretion suppressed by factor 5-7, and shock energy release ~10% of enclosed rest mass.
LRDs at z~3-7 exhibit an L_Hα,broad-L_bol scaling relation enhanced by a factor of ~40 compared to low-z Type 1 AGN, explained via Cloudy modeling with near-unity covering factor and high column density.
Medium-band imaging reveals red emission-line galaxies at z>5 including compact objects likely missed by classic Little Red Dot selection criteria.
Analysis of ~100 JWST LRDs finds redder, compact UV emission with Fe II/Mg II ~8-10 and correlations suggesting central red continuum (β_UV~0) beyond host galaxy contribution.
DESI DR1 yields 314k high-mass and 9.6k dwarf AGN, extending the M_BH-M_star relation to log M_star ~7.8 and suggesting two evolutionary pathways for galaxies and black holes.
A theoretical model of a magnetized black hole envelope is developed to explain the broad emission lines and X-ray faintness observed in little red dots using co-rotating plasma clumps and limited X-ray sources.
Massive galaxies at z>3.5 assembled stars earlier than theoretical models predict and exhibit gray dust attenuation, especially at the highest masses.
Lya nebulae around unobscured quasars are more extended, asymmetric, and show steeper velocity dispersion declines than those around obscured quasars, supporting an evolutionary AGN model at cosmic noon.
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
Coevolving super-Eddington black holes and nuclear starbursts in high-redshift halos naturally generate the V-shaped UV-to-optical spectra and weak high-energy emission of little red dots.
Narrow-line diagnostics on ~20 LRDs indicate that stellar photoionization alone cannot explain the observed ratios in many objects, implying anisotropic ionizing radiation from complex gas geometry.
JWST data on LRDs and LBDs show AGN-like excitation, strong Lyα with broad components, and X-ray weakness, implying clumpy or equatorial geometries around growing black holes rather than complete gas envelopes.
Bayesian continuum fitting of 66 LRDs shows the BH* model fits ~6% best, rising to ~40% under AGN-disfavoring priors, with most objects stellar/AGN-dominated and possible evolutionary trends.
JWST IFU spectroscopy of six z~6 galaxies finds broad Balmer lines in two objects, a strong correlation of broad-line presence with Lyα luminosity yielding AGN fractions >77% above and <15% below 10^44 erg/s, plus extended star-forming gas in non-AGN hosts.
Simulations show heavy-seed formation with BH-BH mergers or Bondi accretion under weak feedback can assemble 10^6-10^7 solar mass black holes at z greater than or equal to 9.
A sample of 36 spectroscopically confirmed LRDs shows broad-line detections in >90%, spectral variety including Balmer breaks and blackbody fits, H-alpha to 5100A continuum correlation, no redshift evolution, declining space density toward z~2 opposite normal AGNs, and clustering in ~10^11 solar mas
citing papers explorer
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The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z~7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions
First spectroscopic variability in a z~7 LRD shows rapid changes in both narrow and broad line regions, implying direct ionization from the central source to surrounding nebular gas.
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A Population of Little Red Dot-like Quasars in SDSS
Defines a sample of ~1300 SDSS quasars as Local Red Dots matching LRD photometric colors at z~0.4-0.8, with a V-shaped subset showing Balmer absorption and [NeV] emission, and SEDs modeled as reddened AGN plus host galaxy that match LRD stacks.
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Compact Core, Extended Reach: A Bipolar kpc-Scale Elongation in a Little Red Dot at $z \approx 5.5$
LRD-204851 at z=5.482 shows a thin bipolar elongation several kpc long traced by UV and optical lines, with double-peaked Lyα and tentative N V supporting a biconical cavity from the central engine.
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Through the Veil: Ly$\alpha$ Illuminates the Host Galaxies of Little Red Dots
Lyα observations of Little Red Dots show luminosities and equivalent widths like normal star-forming galaxies but lower Lyα/Hα ratios and extended asymmetric emission, supporting a two-component model with host-scale gas.
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OCEANS of Absorption: High-resolution NIRSpec Spectroscopy Reveals Diverse Balmer-line Absorption in Little Red Dots
High-resolution spectra show Balmer absorption in 4/10 LRDs with blue-shifted velocities and exponential wings, supporting a model of co-located partial-covering gas with inflow/outflow gradients.
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(LRDs)$^2$: The Low-ReDshift Little Red Dots Survey. II. DESI DR1 Sample
The survey identifies 27 low-redshift LRDs with compact morphology, V-shaped continua, broad Balmer lines with extreme decrements, and ubiquitous outflows, matching high-z counterparts and yielding a number density lower limit of 7.5e-10 cMpc^-3.
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The Structure and Evolution of LRDs: Insights from JWST NIRSpec Medium and High Resolution Spectroscopy at $z\sim4$
Spectroscopic study of 11 LRDs at z~4 finds AGN origin for optical emission via broad Hα correlations and introduces a clumpy envelope model with growth timescales of 10^5-10^7 years.
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General Relativistic Shock Wave Solutions with Black Hole Formation: The Singular Isothermal Sphere Case
Derives GR jump conditions and self-similar shock solutions for SIS collapse to BH, showing shocks up to 0.4c, accretion suppressed by factor 5-7, and shock energy release ~10% of enclosed rest mass.
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A Scaling Relation of LRDs between Broad H$\alpha$ and Bolometric Luminosities: Enhanced Broad H$\alpha$ Emission Relative to Low-$z$ Type 1 AGN
LRDs at z~3-7 exhibit an L_Hα,broad-L_bol scaling relation enhanced by a factor of ~40 compared to low-z Type 1 AGN, explained via Cloudy modeling with near-unity covering factor and high column density.
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A Population of Red Galaxies with Very Strong Emission Lines at $z > 5$ Revealed by the NIRCam Medium Bands: ''Classic'' LRDs, Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies, and a Missing Population of LRDs
Medium-band imaging reveals red emission-line galaxies at z>5 including compact objects likely missed by classic Little Red Dot selection criteria.
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The UV Side of Little Red Dots: Red, Compact, and Iron-Enhanced Rest-UV Emission with a Strong Downturn around Ly$\alpha$
Analysis of ~100 JWST LRDs finds redder, compact UV emission with Fe II/Mg II ~8-10 and correlations suggesting central red continuum (β_UV~0) beyond host galaxy contribution.
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A New Record Census of Dwarf AGN and a Bimodal $M_{\rm BH}$-$M_{\star}$ Scaling Relation with DESI DR1
DESI DR1 yields 314k high-mass and 9.6k dwarf AGN, extending the M_BH-M_star relation to log M_star ~7.8 and suggesting two evolutionary pathways for galaxies and black holes.
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A Magnetized Black Hole Envelope Model for Little Red Dots
A theoretical model of a magnetized black hole envelope is developed to explain the broad emission lines and X-ray faintness observed in little red dots using co-rotating plasma clumps and limited X-ray sources.
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Massive Galaxies Form Early and Gray: Stellar Assembly and Dust Attenuation at $\mathbf{z>3.5}$ from CAPERS
Massive galaxies at z>3.5 assembled stars earlier than theoretical models predict and exhibit gray dust attenuation, especially at the highest masses.
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Constraining the nature of active galactic nuclei through circumgalactic Lya emission at z=2-3
Lya nebulae around unobscured quasars are more extended, asymmetric, and show steeper velocity dispersion declines than those around obscured quasars, supporting an evolutionary AGN model at cosmic noon.
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Little Red Dots on FIRE: The Ability of Bursty Galaxies to Host an Abundant Population of High-Redshift AGN
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
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Constraints on the Gas Geometry Surrounding Little Red Dots through Narrow-Line Diagnostics
Narrow-line diagnostics on ~20 LRDs indicate that stellar photoionization alone cannot explain the observed ratios in many objects, implying anisotropic ionizing radiation from complex gas geometry.
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Little Red and Blue Dots: AGN-excited narrow lines, Lyman-$\alpha$ emission, and resemblance to standard quasars
JWST data on LRDs and LBDs show AGN-like excitation, strong Lyα with broad components, and X-ray weakness, implying clumpy or equatorial geometries around growing black holes rather than complete gas envelopes.
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Between Degeneracy and Evolution: UV-to-optical Insights into the BH$^*$ Model in Little Red Dots
Bayesian continuum fitting of 66 LRDs shows the BH* model fits ~6% best, rising to ~40% under AGN-disfavoring priors, with most objects stellar/AGN-dominated and possible evolutionary trends.
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Aether-SHELLQs: JWST integral-field spectroscopy of candidate obscured quasars at z ~ 6
JWST IFU spectroscopy of six z~6 galaxies finds broad Balmer lines in two objects, a strong correlation of broad-line presence with Lyα luminosity yielding AGN fractions >77% above and <15% below 10^44 erg/s, plus extended star-forming gas in non-AGN hosts.
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Learning the Universe at High Redshifts: Impact of Accretion Modeling on Early Black Hole Growth
Simulations show heavy-seed formation with BH-BH mergers or Bondi accretion under weak feedback can assemble 10^6-10^7 solar mass black holes at z greater than or equal to 9.
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NEXUS: Abundance, Environments, and Spectral Diversity of Little Red Dots from the NIRSpec MSA Sample
A sample of 36 spectroscopically confirmed LRDs shows broad-line detections in >90%, spectral variety including Balmer breaks and blackbody fits, H-alpha to 5100A continuum correlation, no redshift evolution, declining space density toward z~2 opposite normal AGNs, and clustering in ~10^11 solar mas
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Strong X-ray Variability of I Zwicky 1: Obscuration from Clumpy Accretion-Disk Winds
Variable column density and covering factor of three ionized absorbers in clumpy disk winds explain the X-ray variability in I Zw 1 with stable corona.
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Blackbody Quasar and Radio Source (BBQSORS): A Candidate of Transitional Little Red Dots with a $T\sim10^4\ K$ Blackbody Spectrum
A z=1.715 radio-loud quasar exhibits a ~10,000 K blackbody UV continuum and three-component blackbody photometry, marking it as a candidate transitional Little Red Dot.
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SEEDZ: Rapid Galaxy Assembly as a Pathway to Supermassive Stars, Dense Stellar Environments and Massive Black Hole Seeds
Rapid halo growth in SEEDZ simulations enables heavy black hole seed formation via supermassive stars at a comoving number density of 0.1 cMpc^{-3} by z=10, with most seeds in near-solar metallicity gas.
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X-rays Mark the Spot: The Effects of Reduced Metallicity on X-ray AGN Obscuration at High Redshift
Lower metallicity in high-redshift tori raises the X-ray escape fraction from Compton-thick obscurers, improving prospects for detecting z~10 AGNs.
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The X-ray-to-UV relation does not evolve in homogeneous quasar samples
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
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Mass and Spin Growth of Very Massive Stars in Star Clusters Potentially Associated with Little Red Dots
Simulations show VMS in star clusters reach 10^3-10^4 solar masses with dimensionless spins >10 under bloated accretion conditions, potentially forming spinning IMBHs that produce GW bursts like GW190521.
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Evolution of AGN Across Cosmic Epochs with the SKAO
Simulated SKA-Mid surveys reach radio-AGN completeness at L_1.4GHz ~ 10^23 W Hz^-1 up to z~6.