Lattice simulations show axion misalignment production splits into two regimes during first-order phase transitions, unified by a semi-analytical relic density formula that also alters isocurvature and small-scale power spectrum.
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Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
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abstract
In this review article, we discuss the current status of particle dark matter, including experimental evidence and theoretical motivations. We discuss a wide array of candidates for particle dark matter, but focus on neutralinos in models of supersymmetry and Kaluza-Klein dark matter in models of universal extra dimensions. We devote much of our attention to direct and indirect detection techniques, the constraints placed by these experiments and the reach of future experimental efforts.
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representative citing papers
Mirror dark matter admixture via mutual mean-field shifts softens the nuclear EOS, raises central densities, lowers maximum masses, and moves the direct Urca onset to higher or lower masses depending on symmetry-energy stiffness.
GraphNPE recovers a significantly lower central density for Boötes I consistent with a core while Draco remains marginally cuspy, and demonstrates that higher-order velocity moments reduce bias in dynamical modeling.
PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.
IceCube data analysis yields a 3.1 sigma excess consistent with dark matter annihilation into neutrinos from the dwarf galaxy Bootes III at 26.5 TeV mass.
An exact analytic metric is constructed for rotating black holes embedded in generic dark matter halos with a central density spike that vanishes beyond a truncation radius near the horizon, generalizing prior spherical solutions.
A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
Tachyonic instabilities from post-inflation curvature reorganization via quadratic Gauss-Bonnet coupling produce the observed dark matter relic density across wide mass and scale ranges, backed by lattice simulations and a fitting function.
Axion-like fields coupled to the Nieh-Yan term generate a chiral GW background during radiation domination, with parameter space explored for detectability in PTA and space-based observatories.
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
Proposal to detect axion dark matter via chiral magnetic effect in Weyl semimetals, claiming observable femto-amp signals in 1 cm² samples at 10 T that can probe couplings below stellar cooling bounds.
A nonholomorphic T' modular model realizes the T4-2-i one-loop topology for radiative Majorana neutrino masses, forbids tree-level seesaws via modular assignments, stabilizes DM with residual Z2, and fits oscillation data plus DM constraints for both hierarchies with fermionic DM.
Nuclear de-excitation in reactors produces on-shell dark photons up to nuclear transition energies, yielding stronger TEXONO limits on ε than Compton-like production for 0.1 MeV < m_A' < 6.9 MeV.
Nested cylinders in MICROSCOPE act as a dark-matter-wave interferometer, producing rotation-modulated signals that yield leading constraints on quadratic DM-nucleon couplings for masses 10^{-3}--10^{-2} eV.
A leptogenesis framework generates both baryon asymmetry and asymmetric dark matter via heavy Majorana neutrino decays, enabling a TeV-scale seesaw with hierarchical couplings and testable spin-independent DM cross sections above 10 GeV.
A Z4 × Z3 discrete gauge symmetry in the SM requires three new Majorana fermions whose lightest member is stable DM with mass from a singlet scalar VEV near the electroweak scale, enabling WIMP freeze-out via scalar-mediated annihilation.
Higher-derivative extension of dark matter yields an imperfect fluid that matches pressureless dust on homogeneous backgrounds but generates acceleration and vorticity to avoid caustic singularities in inhomogeneous cosmologies.
Temperature-dependent DM couplings mediated by a scalar field's VEV that drops after a first-order phase transition allow sufficient early-universe annihilations for the observed relic density while evading current direct detection bounds.
A non-minimally coupled vector field reproduces Einstein cluster dynamics that account for flat galactic rotation curves.
Theoretical proposal for a spacecraft-Earth experiment to constrain spin- and velocity-dependent fifth forces mediated by ultralight vector bosons, claiming up to three orders of magnitude improvement over current bounds.
Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
DAMSA proposes an ultra-short baseline accelerator experiment to detect short-lived dark sector messengers by overcoming the sensitivity ceiling of longer-baseline beam dump experiments through a compact detector design.
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
citing papers explorer
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Tachyonic gravitational dark matter production after inflation
Tachyonic instabilities from post-inflation curvature reorganization via quadratic Gauss-Bonnet coupling produce the observed dark matter relic density across wide mass and scale ranges, backed by lattice simulations and a fitting function.
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How lonely are the Binary Compact Objects Detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration?
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
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Axial Quasi-normal Modes of Admixed Neutron Stars
Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
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The DAMSA Experiment
DAMSA proposes an ultra-short baseline accelerator experiment to detect short-lived dark sector messengers by overcoming the sensitivity ceiling of longer-baseline beam dump experiments through a compact detector design.
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Caught in the Cosmic Web: Environmental Impacts on the Halo Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation Signals
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
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Dark matter in classically conformal theories: WIMP and supercooling
Classically conformal SU(2)_X model with triplet dark scalar yields viable WIMP and supercooled DM parameter spaces whose production histories are set by the model's first-order phase transition, with gravitational waves as a common probe.
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Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
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Probing the Inert Doublet Dark Matter with Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mini-Spikes
Fermi LAT data on mini-spikes around stellar-mass black holes rules out substantial regions of Inert Doublet Model dark matter parameter space, especially at multi-TeV masses.
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Cosmological Dynamics of a Non-Canonical Generalised Brans-Dicke Theory
A non-canonical generalized Brans-Dicke theory admits background cosmological solutions matching Lambda CDM characteristics for constant, power-law, and exponential potentials, with dynamics distinct from other scalar-tensor models.
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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory to Gamma-Ray Signals in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
CTAO could set competitive limits on dark matter annihilation cross sections from dwarf irregular galaxies, reaching around 2×10^{-24} cm³/s for 100 GeV WIMPs in the tau channel and exceeding dwarf spheroidal expectations for velocity-dependent cases due to subhalos.
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Cosmic-Ray Signatures of Annihilating and Semi-Annihilating Dark Matter via One-Step Cascades
A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
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Solving Cosmological Puzzles using Finite Temperature $\nu$SMEFT
A minimal extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos simultaneously realizes fermionic dark matter, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, and low-scale resonant leptogenesis consistent with neutrino data.
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On the contribution of the bow shock pulsar wind nebula PSR J0437-4715 to the observed fluxes of GeV-TeV positrons and antiprotons
The bow shock pulsar wind nebula around PSR J0437-4715 explains the GeV-TeV positron excess and hundreds-of-GeV antiproton flux with an energy-independent ratio by using 25% of the pulsar's wind power.
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Observational constraints on nonlocal black holes via gravitational lensing
Nonlocal black holes remain consistent with general relativity at the 1.13-sigma level after joint lensing and quasinormal-mode constraints.
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The 3-3-1 Model: a natural framework for sub-MeV dark matter
The 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos supplies a natural sub-MeV dark matter candidate as a gravitationally massive pseudo-Goldstone boson whose relic density is set by freeze-in at low reheating temperatures.
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Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves
High-quality axion models with N_DW=1 and dark matter abundance requirement restrict the gauge breaking scale to 1.6e11-1e16 GeV, yielding a band of gravitational wave signals from two-step phase transitions consistent with current observations.
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Neutron star with dark matter using vector portal
Vector portal fermionic dark matter admixed in neutron stars produces mediator-mass-dependent changes to the equation of state, yielding distinct mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that observations can use to constrain the model.
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Constraining dark matter self-interaction from kinetic heating in neutron stars
Observation of neutron stars at 1000-1200 K could constrain asymmetric dark matter self-interaction cross-sections by two orders of magnitude beyond bullet cluster limits.
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Probing inelastic sub-GeV dark matter at the DUNE near detector
DUNE's ND-LAr can probe sub-GeV inelastic dark matter parameter space consistent with relic abundance via dark Higgs-mediated annihilation, especially at large dark photon-to-DM mass ratios.
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Induced Multi-phase Inflation with Reheating: Leptogenesis and Dark Matter Production in Metric versus Palatini
Multi-phase non-minimal inflation in metric and Palatini gravity predicts ns between 0.93 and 0.98, r up to 0.03 in metric but below 10^{-5} in Palatini, with non-thermal DM and leptogenesis viable for couplings in the 10^{-7} to 10^{-3} range.