A nonflow subtraction framework for m-particle cumulants is developed and tested in HIJING simulations for O+O and d+Au collisions.
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Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
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abstract
We review progress in the hydrodynamic description of heavy-ion collisions, focusing on recent developments in modeling the fluctuating initial state and event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic simulations. We discuss how hydrodynamics can be used to extract information on fundamental properties of quantum-chromo-dynamics from experimental data, and review successes and challenges of the hydrodynamic framework.
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representative citing papers
First measurements of mixed-order multiparticle cumulants of flow harmonics v2, v3, and v4 in XeXe collisions at 5.44 TeV compared to PbPb at 5.36 TeV show sensitivity to nuclear deformation and nonlinear hydrodynamic response.
Bayesian constraints on early-time jet quenching from large collision systems yield predictions of measurable energy loss in oxygen-oxygen collisions.
A method using ultra-high boost stability analysis and gamma-suppression derives necessary causality conditions for relativistic hydrodynamics, demonstrated in conformal Muller-Israel-Stewart theory.
Deep learning extracts a unified in-medium heavy quark potential from multi-energy bottomonium data, finding the real part close to vacuum Cornell form with weak screening while the imaginary part dominates suppression.
Local-equilibrium density operators built only from genuine conserved currents are invariant under pseudo-gauge and improvement transformations of the energy-momentum and spin tensors.
A (1+1+2)D spin hydrodynamics model with longitudinal spin acceleration and transverse expansion reproduces the quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization and matches Au+Au data at 200 GeV while predicting in-plane transverse polarization.
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
A new model of energy density fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions, built from elementary 1/r^2 sources, reproduces CGC one- and two-point functions to leading-log accuracy and explains the centrality dependence of both elliptic and triangular flow.
STAR reports 20% suppression of recoiling hadrons and jets in high-event-activity O+O collisions at 200 GeV, with a measured 0.7 GeV/c pT shift for large-radius jets, providing evidence for jet quenching in small systems.
Models chemical non-equilibrium in finite-density QGP under conformal Gubser flow and its impact on hard thermal photon production, finding delayed equilibration with quarks lagging gluons, suppressed total yield but enhanced early high-pT photons, and distinct temporal emission structure.
Thermal dilepton polarization in LHC heavy-ion collisions is sensitive to QGP in-medium properties, with a one-to-one mapping derived between dielectron and dimuon channels.
Hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions demonstrate that cumulants linking mean pT and elliptic flow quantitatively match relations derived from initial-state entropy predictors and moments of harmonic flow.
Toy models show multi-particle correlators can increase rather than reduce deviation from true flow harmonics in small collision systems.
Electrical conductivity of QGP is estimated above deconfinement temperature via quasiparticle quarks and Gribov gluons in relaxation-time approximation, showing agreement with lattice QCD.
Strangeness neutrality imposes a constraint linking baryon-strangeness correlations to the QCD equation of state, with their dependence on freeze-out conditions computed in a 2+1 flavor Polyakov-quark-meson model using the functional renormalization group.
The p_T dependence of the Ω/φ ratio in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions is dominated by the discrete curvature of the strange-quark transverse-momentum spectrum extracted from φ data via quark-number scaling.
AMPT simulations show the ratio of nonlinear response coefficients between U+U and Au+Au collisions remains stable across evolution stages, isolating initial geometric correlations.
The MUSES Calliope engine computes multi-dimensional QCD equations of state, merges them consistently, and feeds them into viscous hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions with movable critical points and critical scaling in transport coefficients.
An expanding fire-cylinder model fitted to pion pT spectra describes spectra of other light hadrons and qualitatively matches their elliptic flow in peripheral Au+Au collisions at BES energies.
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.
citing papers explorer
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Nonflow Subtraction Beyond Two-Particle Correlations
A nonflow subtraction framework for m-particle cumulants is developed and tested in HIJING simulations for O+O and d+Au collisions.
-
Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants
First measurements of mixed-order multiparticle cumulants of flow harmonics v2, v3, and v4 in XeXe collisions at 5.44 TeV compared to PbPb at 5.36 TeV show sensitivity to nuclear deformation and nonlinear hydrodynamic response.
-
Bayesian Constraints on Pre-Equilibrium Jet Quenching and Predictions for Oxygen Collisions
Bayesian constraints on early-time jet quenching from large collision systems yield predictions of measurable energy loss in oxygen-oxygen collisions.
-
Necessary conditions for causality from linearized stability at ultra-high boosts
A method using ultra-high boost stability analysis and gamma-suppression derives necessary causality conditions for relativistic hydrodynamics, demonstrated in conformal Muller-Israel-Stewart theory.
-
Unified Extraction of In-Medium Heavy Quark Potentials from RHIC to LHC Energies via Deep Learning
Deep learning extracts a unified in-medium heavy quark potential from multi-energy bottomonium data, finding the real part close to vacuum Cornell form with weak screening while the imaginary part dominates suppression.
-
A symmetry-based resolution of pseudo-gauge ambiguities in local equilibrium
Local-equilibrium density operators built only from genuine conserved currents are invariant under pseudo-gauge and improvement transformations of the energy-momentum and spin tensors.
-
Modeling $\Lambda$ polarization in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV using relativistic spin hydrodynamics
A (1+1+2)D spin hydrodynamics model with longitudinal spin acceleration and transverse expansion reproduces the quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization and matches Au+Au data at 200 GeV while predicting in-plane transverse polarization.
-
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
-
Primordial fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
A new model of energy density fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions, built from elementary 1/r^2 sources, reproduces CGC one- and two-point functions to leading-log accuracy and explains the centrality dependence of both elliptic and triangular flow.
-
Measurement of jet quenching in O+O collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=200$ GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC
STAR reports 20% suppression of recoiling hadrons and jets in high-event-activity O+O collisions at 200 GeV, with a measured 0.7 GeV/c pT shift for large-radius jets, providing evidence for jet quenching in small systems.
-
Finite-Density Dynamics of Chemically Equilibrating QGP in Conformal Gubser Flow and Hard Thermal Photon Production
Models chemical non-equilibrium in finite-density QGP under conformal Gubser flow and its impact on hard thermal photon production, finding delayed equilibration with quarks lagging gluons, suppressed total yield but enhanced early high-pT photons, and distinct temporal emission structure.
-
The polarization of thermal dileptons emitted in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Thermal dilepton polarization in LHC heavy-ion collisions is sensitive to QGP in-medium properties, with a one-to-one mapping derived between dielectron and dimuon channels.
-
Cumulants of mean transverse momentum and elliptic flow in the hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions
Hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions demonstrate that cumulants linking mean pT and elliptic flow quantitatively match relations derived from initial-state entropy predictors and moments of harmonic flow.
-
Effectiveness of nonflow suppression using multi-particle correlators
Toy models show multi-particle correlators can increase rather than reduce deviation from true flow harmonics in small collision systems.
-
Electrical conductivity of QGP with quasiparticle quarks and Gribov gluon
Electrical conductivity of QGP is estimated above deconfinement temperature via quasiparticle quarks and Gribov gluons in relaxation-time approximation, showing agreement with lattice QCD.
-
Strangeness neutrality and the QCD phase diagram
Strangeness neutrality imposes a constraint linking baryon-strangeness correlations to the QCD equation of state, with their dependence on freeze-out conditions computed in a 2+1 flavor Polyakov-quark-meson model using the functional renormalization group.
-
Transverse momentum dependence of $\Omega/\phi$ ratio in high energy collisions
The p_T dependence of the Ω/φ ratio in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions is dominated by the discrete curvature of the strange-quark transverse-momentum spectrum extracted from φ data via quark-number scaling.
-
Investigation of Nonlinear Collective Dynamics in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions Using A Multi-Phase Transport Model
AMPT simulations show the ratio of nonlinear response coefficients between U+U and Au+Au collisions remains stable across evolution stages, isolating initial geometric correlations.
-
Studying the QCD Matter produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions using the MUSES Calculation Engine
The MUSES Calliope engine computes multi-dimensional QCD equations of state, merges them consistently, and feeds them into viscous hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions with movable critical points and critical scaling in transport coefficients.
-
Spectra and elliptic flow of light hadrons in an expanding fire-cylinder model for the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
An expanding fire-cylinder model fitted to pion pT spectra describes spectra of other light hadrons and qualitatively matches their elliptic flow in peripheral Au+Au collisions at BES energies.
-
Spin dynamics and polarization in relativistic systems: recent developments
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.