LongAct benchmark evaluates long-horizon household task execution from free-form instructions; HoloMind agent raises performance but top VLMs still reach only 59% goal completion and 16% full-task success.
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ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learning
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abstract
Given a simple request like Put a washed apple in the kitchen fridge, humans can reason in purely abstract terms by imagining action sequences and scoring their likelihood of success, prototypicality, and efficiency, all without moving a muscle. Once we see the kitchen in question, we can update our abstract plans to fit the scene. Embodied agents require the same abilities, but existing work does not yet provide the infrastructure necessary for both reasoning abstractly and executing concretely. We address this limitation by introducing ALFWorld, a simulator that enables agents to learn abstract, text based policies in TextWorld (C\^ot\'e et al., 2018) and then execute goals from the ALFRED benchmark (Shridhar et al., 2020) in a rich visual environment. ALFWorld enables the creation of a new BUTLER agent whose abstract knowledge, learned in TextWorld, corresponds directly to concrete, visually grounded actions. In turn, as we demonstrate empirically, this fosters better agent generalization than training only in the visually grounded environment. BUTLER's simple, modular design factors the problem to allow researchers to focus on models for improving every piece of the pipeline (language understanding, planning, navigation, and visual scene understanding).
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- abstract Given a simple request like Put a washed apple in the kitchen fridge, humans can reason in purely abstract terms by imagining action sequences and scoring their likelihood of success, prototypicality, and efficiency, all without moving a muscle. Once we see the kitchen in question, we can update our abstract plans to fit the scene. Embodied agents require the same abilities, but existing work does not yet provide the infrastructure necessary for both reasoning abstractly and executing concretely. We address this limitation by introducing ALFWorld, a simulator that enables agents to learn abstr
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representative citing papers
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SimWorld Studio deploys an evolving coding agent to create adaptive 3D environments that co-evolve with embodied learners, delivering 18-point success-rate gains over fixed environments in navigation benchmarks.
TRACE is a two-channel, distortion-free agent watermark whose selection and tally layers jointly resist deletion and rewriting by a log-holding reseller.
On 108 long-horizon real-world computer workflows, frontier agents complete at most 20.6% of tasks and fail mainly by losing hidden state, not by basic GUI control.
UCOB uses local return comparisons between skill and no-skill views to choose which view teaches the other, improving agent training on ALFWorld and WebShop.
BiPACE improves LLM agent policy optimization by using bisimulation proxies from hidden states for step clustering and action-conditioned baselines for advantage estimation, raising success rates on ALFWorld, WebShop, and TextCraft.
AAWM builds training targets for world models by retrieving and synthesizing transition evidence based on the policy's self-identified decision needs at each state.
Replay pairing shows LLM agents do not persist plans in hidden states but rely on plans remaining in context, with rapid signal decay and task performance drops when plans are evicted.
SAGE-OPD improves multi-turn OPD via turn-level selective intervention, teacher-confidence weighting, and loss normalization, reporting up to 13.3% relative gain in ALFWorld unseen success rate over standard OPD.
StaminaBench evaluates coding agents over 100 procedurally generated change requests to a REST API, finding that tested models fail within 5-6 turns without feedback but improve up to 12x with test feedback and good harnesses.
Framework estimates context-dependent marginal utility of candidate skills via reward gaps in matched base vs. skill-augmented rollouts to filter skills and co-train policy as generator.
SMAC-Talk is a new benchmark that adds natural language messaging and deceptive-agent scenarios to SMAC for testing LLM coordination in multi-agent environments.
ElasticMem enables LLM agents to learn adaptive latent memory retrieval and elastic budget allocation, improving QA accuracy by 24-26% and ALFWorld success by 27-66% over baselines with lower token cost.
AGORA is an inference-free step-level compressor for LLM agent prompts that retains at least 75% of uncompressed performance in most tested settings where token-level methods collapse due to action-grammar destruction.
Life-Harness evolves reusable interventions from training trajectories to enhance frozen LLM agents on unseen tasks across seven deterministic environments, yielding 88.5% average relative improvement in 116 of 126 model-environment settings.
DecisionBench supplies a fixed task suite, model pool, delegation interface, and multi-axis metrics to evaluate emergent delegation, showing similar quality across awareness conditions but 15-31 point headroom under perfect delegation.
SkillOps maintains LLM skill libraries via Skill Contracts and ecosystem graphs, raising ALFWorld task success to 79.5% as a standalone agent and improving retrieval baselines by up to 2.9 points with near-zero library-time LLM cost.
Evolving-RL jointly optimizes experience extraction and utilization in LLM agents via RL with separate evaluation signals, delivering up to 98.7% relative gains on out-of-distribution tasks in ALFWorld and Mind2Web.
EquiMem calibrates shared memory in multi-agent debate by computing a game-theoretic equilibrium from agent queries and paths, outperforming heuristics and LLM validators across benchmarks while remaining robust to adversarial agents.
MemCompiler reframes memory use as state-conditioned compilation, delivering relevant guidance via text and latent channels to improve embodied agent performance up to 129% and cut latency 60% versus static injection.
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ResRL decouples shared semantics between positive and negative responses in LLM reinforcement learning via SVD-based projection residuals, outperforming baselines including NSR by up to 9.4% on math reasoning benchmarks.
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citing papers explorer
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BiPACE: Bisimulation-Guided Policy Optimization with Action Counterfactual Estimation for LLM Agents
BiPACE improves LLM agent policy optimization by using bisimulation proxies from hidden states for step clustering and action-conditioned baselines for advantage estimation, raising success rates on ALFWorld, WebShop, and TextCraft.
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Beyond Next-Observation Prediction: Agent-Authored World Modeling for Sequential Decision Making
AAWM builds training targets for world models by retrieving and synthesizing transition evidence based on the policy's self-identified decision needs at each state.
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SAGE-OPD: Selective Agent-Guided Intervention for Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation
SAGE-OPD improves multi-turn OPD via turn-level selective intervention, teacher-confidence weighting, and loss normalization, reporting up to 13.3% relative gain in ALFWorld unseen success rate over standard OPD.
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Co-Evolving Skill Generation and Policy Optimization
Framework estimates context-dependent marginal utility of candidate skills via reward gaps in matched base vs. skill-augmented rollouts to filter skills and co-train policy as generator.
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ElasticMem: Latent Memory as a Learnable Resource for LLM Agents
ElasticMem enables LLM agents to learn adaptive latent memory retrieval and elastic budget allocation, improving QA accuracy by 24-26% and ALFWorld success by 27-66% over baselines with lower token cost.
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From Trainee to Trainer: LLM-Designed Training Environment for RL with Multi-Agent Reasoning
The LLM-as-Environment-Engineer framework lets the policy model redesign its own RL environments on the new MAPF-FrozenLake testbed, outperforming larger models and fixed baselines with Qwen3-4B.
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AgentOdyssey: Open-Ended Long-Horizon Text Game Generation for Test-Time Continual Learning Agents
Introduces AgentOdyssey, a procedural generator of open-ended long-horizon text games, to evaluate test-time continual learning agents and diagnose limits in exploration, memory, and planning.
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ExpGraph: Model-Agnostic Experience Learning with Graph-Structured Memory for LLM Agents
ExpGraph builds a graph of summarized agent experiences and uses graph diffusion plus an RL-trained retrieval copilot to improve frozen LLM executors on QA, math, code, and agentic tasks without parameter updates.
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MemGuard: Preventing Memory Contamination in Long-Term Memory-Augmented Large Language Models
MemGuard assigns functional roles to memories at write time and selectively retrieves only compatible types, reducing heterogeneous contamination and improving reliability by up to 28.27% with 5.8x fewer tokens.
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SEAL: Synergistic Co-Evolution of Agents and Learning Environments
SEAL co-evolves LLM agents and environments via shared turn-level failure diagnoses, yielding +8.25 to +26.25 point gains on tool-use tasks with only 400 samples.
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Mem-$\pi$: Adaptive Memory through Learning When and What to Generate
Mem-π is a framework using a dedicated model and decision-content decoupled RL to generate context-specific guidance on demand for LLM agents, outperforming retrieval baselines by over 30% on web navigation.
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Rewarding Beliefs, Not Actions: Consistency-Guided Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon Agents
ReBel uses belief-consistency supervision and belief-aware grouping to improve credit assignment in long-horizon RL for LLM agents, achieving up to 20.4 percentage points higher success and 2.1x better sample efficiency than GRPO on ALFWorld and WebShop.
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EcoGym: Evaluating LLMs for Long-Horizon Plan-and-Execute in Interactive Economies
EcoGym is a new open benchmark with three economic environments that reveals no leading LLM dominates at sustained plan-and-execute decision making across scenarios.
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ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Models
ReWOO decouples reasoning from tool observations in augmented language models, delivering 5x token efficiency and 4% higher accuracy on multi-step reasoning benchmarks like HotpotQA.
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Parametric Skills
ParametricSkills uses a hypernetwork to turn textual skills into LoRA adapters, outperforming in-context learning by 6.44 points on average across six SWE subtasks with higher BERT Score and F1.
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OPID: On-Policy Skill Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
OPID distills episode- and step-level skills from completed on-policy trajectories, routes them via critical-first mechanism, and combines the resulting log-probability shift advantage with outcome advantage for policy optimization in language agents.
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