UI-Venus Technical Report: Building High-performance UI Agents with RFT
read the original abstract
We present UI-Venus, a native UI agent that takes only screenshots as input based on a multimodal large language model. UI-Venus achieves SOTA performance on both UI grounding and navigation tasks using only several hundred thousand high-quality training samples through reinforcement finetune (RFT) based on Qwen2.5-VL. Specifically, the 7B and 72B variants of UI-Venus obtain 94.1% / 50.8% and 95.3% / 61.9% on the standard grounding benchmarks, i.e., Screenspot-V2 / Pro, surpassing the previous SOTA baselines including open-source GTA1 and closed-source UI-TARS-1.5. To show UI-Venus's summary and planing ability, we also evaluate it on the AndroidWorld, an online UI navigation arena, on which our 7B and 72B variants achieve 49.1% and 65.9% success rate, also beating existing models. To achieve this, we introduce carefully designed reward functions for both UI grounding and navigation tasks and corresponding efficient data cleaning strategies. To further boost navigation performance, we propose Self-Evolving Trajectory History Alignment & Sparse Action Enhancement that refine historical reasoning traces and balances the distribution of sparse but critical actions, leading to more coherent planning and better generalization in complex UI tasks. Our contributions include the publish of SOTA open-source UI agents, comprehensive data cleaning protocols and a novel self-evolving framework for improving navigation performance, which encourage further research and development in the community. Code is available at https://github.com/inclusionAI/UI-Venus.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet.
Forward citations
Cited by 29 Pith papers
-
Beyond Binary: Reframing GUI Critique as Continuous Semantic Alignment
BBCritic reframes GUI critique as continuous semantic alignment via contrastive learning in an affordance space, outperforming larger binary SOTA models on a new four-level hierarchical benchmark without extra annotations.
-
Beyond Binary: Reframing GUI Critique as Continuous Semantic Alignment
BBCritic uses contrastive learning to align GUI actions in a continuous affordance space, outperforming larger binary critic models on a new four-level hierarchical benchmark while enabling zero-shot transfer.
-
Covering Human Action Space for Computer Use: Data Synthesis and Benchmark
Presents CUActSpot benchmark and renderer-LLM data synthesis that lets a 4B model outperform larger open-source models on complex computer interactions.
-
What Happens Before Decoding? Prefill Determines GUI Grounding in VLMs
GUI grounding in VLMs is bottlenecked by prefill-stage candidate selection that decoding cannot fix, so Re-Prefill uses attention to extract and re-inject target tokens for up to 4.3% gains on ScreenSpot-Pro.
-
OS-SPEAR: A Toolkit for the Safety, Performance,Efficiency, and Robustness Analysis of OS Agents
OS-SPEAR is a new evaluation toolkit that tests 22 OS agents and identifies trade-offs between efficiency and safety or robustness.
-
WebTestPilot: Agentic End-to-End Web Testing against Natural Language Specification by Inferring Oracles with Symbolized GUI Elements
WebTestPilot symbolizes GUI elements to infer contextual oracles for end-to-end web testing from natural language specs, reporting 99% task completion and 96% precision/recall on a new bug-injected benchmark.
-
What Memory Do GUI Agents Really Need? From Passive Records to Active Task-Driving States
Introduces Active Task Driving Memory (ATMem) and STR-GRPO to move GUI agents from passive record storage to actively maintained task states, tested on a new mobile benchmark with progress and scope-aware metrics.
-
One Forward Beats Two: InnerZoom for Accurate and Efficient GUI Grounding
InnerZoom bridges cross-layer evidence in one forward pass to achieve SOTA GUI grounding accuracy on six benchmarks while cutting latency up to 31.8% versus two-pass baselines.
-
GUICrafter: Weakly-Supervised GUI Agent Leveraging Massive Unannotated Screenshots
GUICrafter uses curriculum learning on unannotated GUI screenshots for visual grounding followed by RL calibration on limited labels to match or exceed prior GUI agents with far less annotation.
-
PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Use
PhoneBuddy combines real-app and mock-app RL after shared SFT, raising real-phone task success from 36.67% to 45.33% and AndroidWorld from 60.3% to 83.2%.
-
MemGUI-Agent: An End-to-End Long-Horizon Mobile GUI Agent with Proactive Context Management
MemGUI-Agent uses Context-as-Action (ConAct) for proactive context management in long-horizon GUI tasks, trained on the MemGUI-3K dataset to achieve top 8B-model results on MemGUI-Bench and MobileWorld.
-
AutoFocus: Uncertainty-Aware Active Visual Search for GUI Grounding
AutoFocus converts token perplexity into an anisotropic Gaussian uncertainty field to drive region proposals and shape-aware zooming for improved GUI grounding in VLMs.
-
SOLAR-RL: Semi-Online Long-horizon Assignment Reinforcement Learning
SOLAR-RL assigns dense step-level rewards from static trajectory data by detecting first failure points and applying target-aligned shaping to improve long-horizon GUI task completion without full online interactions.
-
LLaDA2.0-Uni: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Diffusion Large Language Model
LLaDA2.0-Uni unifies multimodal understanding and generation inside one discrete diffusion large language model with a semantic tokenizer, MoE backbone, and diffusion decoder.
-
UI-Zoomer: Uncertainty-Driven Adaptive Zoom-In for GUI Grounding
UI-Zoomer uses uncertainty quantification to trigger and size adaptive zoom-ins only on uncertain GUI grounding predictions, yielding up to 13.4% gains on benchmarks with no training.
-
SceneCritic: A Symbolic Evaluator for 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis
SceneCritic is a symbolic, ontology-grounded evaluator for floor-plan layouts that identifies specific semantic, orientation, and geometric violations and aligns better with human judgments than VLM-based scorers.
-
Are GUI Agents Focused Enough? Automated Distraction via Semantic-level UI Element Injection
Semantic-level UI Element Injection distracts GUI agents by overlaying safety-aligned UI elements, achieving up to 4.4x higher attack success rates that transfer across models and create persistent attractors.
-
AgentProg: Empowering Long-Horizon GUI Agents with Program-Guided Context Management
AgentProg reframes interaction history as a program with variables and control flow, plus a belief state for partial observability, achieving SOTA success rates on long-horizon GUI benchmarks while baselines degrade.
-
RISK: A Framework for GUI Agents in E-commerce Risk Management
RISK introduces a dataset, benchmark, and R1-style RL fine-tuning for GUI agents that achieve 6.8-8.8% offline gains and 70.5% online task success in e-commerce risk management using 7.2% of baseline parameters.
-
VeriOS: Query-Driven Proactive Human-Agent-GUI Interaction for Trustworthy OS Agents
VeriOS-Agent is an OS agent that proactively queries humans in untrustworthy scenarios via a query-driven framework and three-stage training, achieving 19.72% higher step-wise success rate over baselines while preserv...
-
What Memory Do GUI Agents Really Need? From Passive Records to Active Task-Driving States
Proposes ATMem as active task-driving state memory and STR-GRPO RL to improve GUI agent reliability on long-horizon mobile tasks over passive record storage.
-
StainFlow: Entity-Stain Tracking and Evidence Linking for Process Rewards in GUI Agents
StainFlow proposes global entity stain tracking and local stain evidence linking modules to improve process rewards for GUI agents, reporting 3.2% relative gain in online RL success and 1.8% in judgment accuracy on An...
-
MIRAGE: Mobile Agents with Implicit Reasoning and Generative World Models
MIRAGE compresses explicit chain-of-thought into latent vectors and adds a generative world model to predict future interface states, matching explicit reasoning performance with 3-5x fewer tokens on Android benchmarks.
-
Agent Skills Should Go Beyond Text: The Case for Visual Skills
The paper proposes that reusable agent skills should incorporate visual elements alongside text, introduces three forms of visual skills and an automatic conversion system, and reports better performance on GUI and vi...
-
GUI-C$^2$: Coarse-to-Fine GUI Grounding via Difficulty-Aware Reinforcement Learning
GUI-C² pairs a difficulty-scoring data pipeline with an area-gated coarse-to-fine RL mechanism to improve GUI grounding accuracy and training stability.
-
SE-GA: Memory-Augmented Self-Evolution for GUI Agents
SE-GA combines Test-Time Memory Extension for dynamic context retrieval with Memory-Augmented Self-Evolution training to reach 89.0% on ScreenSpot and 75.8% on AndroidControl-High.
-
Rethinking Token Pruning for Historical Screenshots in GUI Visual Agents: Semantic, Spatial, and Temporal Perspectives
Empirical study finds background semantics, random pruning, and recency-based allocation improve token efficiency for GUI visual agents.
-
Xiaomi-GUI-0 Technical Report
Xiaomi-GUI-0 reports 72.0% success on RealMobile and 78.9% on AndroidWorld via real-device closed-loop training with multi-source data and three-stage RL pipeline.
-
Xiaomi-GUI-0 Technical Report
Xiaomi-GUI-0 reports 72.0% success on an in-house real-mobile benchmark and 78.9% on AndroidWorld after training a GUI agent in a real-device closed loop with an error-driven data flywheel and three-stage RL pipeline.
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.