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Quantum entanglement and Bell inequality violation at colliders
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Quantum entanglement and Bell inequality violation at colliders
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The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for final states as diverse as top-quark, $\tau$-lepton pairs and $\Lambda$-baryons, massive gauge bosons and vector mesons. In this review, after presenting definitions, tools and basic results that are necessary for understanding these developments, we summarize the main findings -- as published by the beginning of year 2024 -- including analyses of experimental data in $B$ meson decays and top-quark pair production. We include a detailed discussion of the results for both qubit and qutrits systems, that is, final states containing spin one-half and spin one particles. Entanglement has also been proposed as a new tool to constrain new particles and fields beyond the Standard Model and we introduce the reader to this promising feature as well.
Forward citations
Cited by 31 Pith papers
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Quantum Tomography of Top Quarks as a Probe of Charge-Parity Violation
Combining the full 15-parameter spin-state (quantum tomography) data on top-quark pairs with a complete one-loop calculation bounds the CP-violating part of the top-Higgs coupling at a level comparable to dedicated tt...
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Qubit-qubit-qutrit quantum correlations in $H \to f \bar f V$
In h→τ^-τ^+ Z decays, the spin state is genuinely qubit-qubit-qutrit entangled almost everywhere, violates Bell inequalities throughout, and carries up to 1.95 bits of non-local magic.
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Magic without a phase: phase-independent stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in gluon scattering
A phase-averaged stabilizer Rényi entropy is introduced for tree-level gluon scattering, with color-independent phase-independent magic that is larger in 3→2 than 2→2 and has a soft-limit lower bound in 2→3.
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Hyperon-pair spin tomography beyond scalar spin correlations
A process-independent framework shows scalar hyperon-pair correlations leave density-matrix degeneracy, requiring transverse and longitudinal tensor components plus anisotropy A_C to claim entanglement.
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Physical probability in the Everett interpretation and Bell inequalities
Bell inequality violations are argued to imply non-unique remote outcomes—hence many worlds—once physical probability is defined by counting quantum microstates.
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Decoherence effects in entangled fermion pairs at colliders
Calculates decoherence from radiation on a Bell-state fermion pair by mapping integrated Altarelli-Parisi splitting functions to Kraus operators of an open quantum system.
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High Energy Photon Polarimetry at Lepton Colliders: Quantum Information from Converted Photons
Converted photons in Belle II enable high-significance measurements of Bell nonlocality, discord, concurrence, magic and steerability for macroscopically separated GeV diphotons, provided opening-angle resolution reac...
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Hadron Structure from the Hierarchy of Quantum Correlations in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Quantum-information measures of the DIS final electron-quark state are shown to be sensitive to transversity PDFs and can discriminate between different tensor-charge extractions.
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Quantum entanglement of photon pairs at proton-proton colliders
Proposal to measure diphoton entanglement at pp colliders via Bethe-Heitler conversion in the tracker, yielding simulated significances of 0.007σ for Higgs→γγ and 1.5σ for continuum q q̄→γγ at HL-LHC.
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Quantum Information as a New Lens for Precision Neutrino Physics
Concurrence minima in neutrino oscillations identify low-entanglement energy regions that, when aligned with NOνA and T2K data, yield tighter joint constraints on sin²θ₂₃, δ_CP, and Δm²₃₁.
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Hyperon-pair spin tomography beyond scalar spin correlations
Scalar Lambda-pair spin correlations leave a continuous density-matrix degeneracy; full tensor tomography is required to claim entanglement, and a ³P₀ benchmark predicts a specific anisotropy pattern.
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Tripartite Entanglement in $e^+ e^- \to t \bar{t} Z$
Computes entanglement negativities for the tripartite spin system in e+e- -> ttZ and projects that collective entanglement is accessible but genuine multipartite entanglement has limited sensitivity at a polarized ILC...
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Quantumness of top quark pairs produced at LHC within SMEFT framework
Quantum information observables in LHC top quark pair production are modified by SMEFT dimension-6 operators in ways that depend on their CP properties, offering a complementary probe beyond standard observables.
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Experimental prospects for quantum decoherence measurements at colliders
Energetic radiation induces decoherence that significantly reduces entanglement in fermion pairs at colliders, with statistically significant signals observable in ttbar(g) at the LHC and tau pairs at Belle II.
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Quantum Tomography and Entanglement in Semi-Leptonic $h\to VV^*$ Decays at Higher Orders
Semi-leptonic h→VV* decays retain an effective two-qutrit quantum description under NLO QCD and electroweak corrections, unlike the fully leptonic h→4ℓ channel.
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Extracting a Toponium Signal at the LHC with Spin and Quantum Information Tools
Spin and quantum-information observables add only marginal statistical power beyond kinematic variables for isolating toponium in near-threshold top-pair events, but improve interpretability.
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Experimental characterization of the hierarchy of quantum correlations in top quark pairs
LHC top-quark data show quantum discord at >5σ, first evidence for steering at >3σ, no Bell correlations, and nonzero magic.
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Parameter Inference from Final-State Entanglement in Higgs Decays
With a spin/color-weighted entanglement entropy built from Higgs branching ratios, the Standard Model Higgs and W masses sit near the global maximum, and the preferred coupling ratio is SM-like.
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Qubit entanglement from forward scattering
In perturbative relativistic 2→2 scattering the concurrence of the traced-out qubit density matrix depends at leading order on the real part of the inelastic forward amplitude.
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Entanglement and non-separability of momenta and coordinates at colliders
Proposes using hemispherical projections to reduce continuous momenta to qubits and Monte Carlo simulation of tau lepton production at electron colliders to assess phase-space non-separability via EPR correlations.
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Controlling Quantum discord and steering in Electron-Positron Annihilation Using Polarized Beams
Polarized lepton beams control quantum discord and steering in hyperon-antihyperon pairs from e+e- annihilation, with discord persisting in separable states via transverse polarization.
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Experimental prospects for quantum decoherence measurements at colliders
Hard final-state radiation measurably destroys the spin entanglement of fermion-antifermion pairs, and the effect should already be visible in LHC ttbar+jet and Belle II tau+tau-gamma data.
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Quantum Tomography and Entanglement in Semi-Leptonic $h\to VV^*$ Decays at Higher Orders
Semi-leptonic h to VV* decays retain an effective two-qutrit description for quantum tomography and entanglement after including finite fermion masses and NLO corrections.
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Spin Correlation and Quantum Entanglement of Fermion Pairs in Transversely Polarized $e^-e^+$ Collisions
Transverse polarization in e+e- collisions generates maximally entangled fermion pairs in QED processes and boosts entanglement in electroweak and Bhabha scattering.
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Manipulating Bell nonlocality and entanglement in polarized electron-positron annihilation
Polarized lepton beams can tune hyperon-antihyperon entanglement and Bell nonlocality, with transverse polarization capable of producing maximally entangled pairs.
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Parton spin correlations and $\mathcal{CP}$ properties in Higgs boson decay at future lepton colliders
In H→gg at a 240 GeV e+e− collider, the four-point energy-energy correlator with energy weight n=4 gives the strongest sensitivity to gluon spin correlations and, assuming perfect splitting-mode identification in the ...
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Entanglement and Bell Nonlocality in $\tau^+ \tau^-$ at the LHC using Machine Learning for Neutrino Reconstruction
Simulations of pp to tau+ tau- at the LHC with ML neutrino reconstruction show Bell nonlocality above 5 sigma, proposing tau pairs as a new benchmark system for quantum information studies.
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Quantum Correlations in the Decay of $B^0$ meson and Entanglement Entropy
Phenomenological calculation of entanglement entropies in B0 → VV decays shows strong dependence on relative phases and a correlation with branching fractions that the authors link to weak and strong interaction dynamics.
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Spin correlations and quantum entanglement in $\gamma\gamma \to t\bar t$ at polarized photon colliders with NLO QCD corrections
NLO QCD corrections enhance the γγ → ttbar cross section while leaving spin observables largely unchanged, with entanglement peaking near threshold and both entanglement and Bell nonlocality depending strongly on beam...
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Quantum entanglement in electron-nucleus collisions: Role of the linearly polarized gluon distribution
The linearly polarized gluon distribution enhances entanglement of heavy quark pairs in electron-nucleus collisions when total and relative transverse momenta are orthogonal.
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Particle Collisions & Quantum Entanglement in High-Energy Collisions
A review summarizing advancements in probing quantum entanglement and Bell inequalities using high-energy particle colliders.
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