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Effective Field Theories of Post-Newtonian Gravity: A comprehensive review
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Effective Field Theories of Post-Newtonian Gravity: A comprehensive review
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[Abridged] This review article presents the progress made over the last decade, since the introduction of effective field theories (EFTs) into post-Newtonian (PN) gravity. These have been put forward in the context of gravitational waves (GWs) from the compact binary inspiral. The mature development of this interdisciplinary field has resulted in significant advances of wide interest to physics at several levels serving various purposes. The field has firmly demonstrated, that seemingly disparate physical domains, such as quantum field theory and classical gravity, are related, and that the EFT framework is a universal one, where it has been proven to supply a robust methodology to boost progress in the development of PN theory. The review is aimed at a broad audience, from general readers new to the field, to specialists and experts in related subjects. The review begins with an overview of the introduction of EFTs into classical gravity and their development. Then, the basic ideas, which form the conceptual foundation of EFTs, are provided, and the strategy of a multi-stage EFT framework, which is utilized for the PN binary inspiral problem, is outlined. The main body of the review is then dedicated to presenting in detail the study of each of the effective theories at each of the intermediate scales in the problem, up to the actual GW observables. The review is concluded with the multiple prospects of building on the progress in the field, and using further modern field theory insights and tools, to specifically address the study of GWs, as well as to broadly expand our fundamental understanding of gauge and gravity theories across the classical and quantum regimes.
Forward citations
Cited by 28 Pith papers
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms
Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at ...
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Emergence of Calabi-Yau manifolds in high-precision black hole scattering
At 5PM-1SF order, Calabi-Yau three-fold periods emerge in radiation-reacted observables for classical black hole scattering computed with worldline QFT and advanced IBP/DE methods.
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Kerr Soft Dressing and the $w_{1+\infty}$ Frame Algebra at Null Infinity
The Kerr soft exponent generates a parity-alternating hierarchy of null-infinity frame generators—displacement memory at s=0, spin memory at s=1, and higher moments alternating by Kerr multipole parity—realized as the...
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Gravitational wave scattering at $\mathcal{O}(G^4)$: Murua construction and elliptics
O(G^4) gravitational wave scattering amplitude computed in worldline QFT with Murua decomposition, matched to black hole perturbation theory to validate the formalism for Schwarzschild black holes.
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Conservative Black Hole Scattering at Fifth Post-Minkowskian and Second Self-Force Order
The conservative black-hole scattering angle at fifth post-Minkowskian and second self-force order is computed in terms of K3 periods, but contains a coefficient fixed only by an ad hoc 'γ-3' prescription.
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Symplectic mechanics of relativistic spinning compact bodies. III. quadratic-in-spin integrability in Type-D Einstein spacetimes: persistence and breakdown
Quadratic-in-spin MPTD dynamics in type-D Einstein spacetimes with Killing–Yano symmetry admits five commuting first integrals—hence Liouville–Arnold integrability—only when the spin-induced quadrupole deformability p...
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Schwarzschild Black Holes
The dynamical Love numbers of a Schwarzschild black hole are nonzero at quadratic order in frequency, run logarithmically with a coefficient set by dissipation, and are now matched including their finite, scheme-depen...
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Geodesic deviation to all orders via a tangent bundle formalism
A tangent-bundle flow formalism yields an explicit all-orders formula for the Jacobi propagators in geodesic deviation, with the Lagrangian and equation of motion given explicitly up to tenth order.
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The Magnusian generator for dissipative systems and application to leading 2.5PN radiation-reaction dynamics
The Magnusian is generalized via the in-in formalism to dissipative and nonlocal dynamics, yielding an explicit one-period generator for Newtonian binaries with 2.5PN radiation reaction that agrees with numerics.
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N-body next-to-leading order gravitational spin-orbit interaction via effective field theory
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical tra...
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Conservative and dissipative sectors in a nonlinear scalar model for the gravitational self-force problem
Multiple Hamiltonian definitions of the conservative second-order self-force are identified in a nonlinear scalar toy model, restricted to unbound scattering trajectories.
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A Runway to Dissipation of Angular Momentum via Worldline Quantum Field Theory
The authors introduce static correlators in worldline QFT to compute angular momentum dissipation in black hole scattering, reproducing the known O(G^3) flux and extending the approach to electromagnetism at O(α^3).
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Tidal Response and Thermodynamics of Black Holes
A new gauge-invariant effective action computes black hole Love numbers without Regge-Wheeler methods, and these numbers determine leading thermodynamic corrections under external perturbations.
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Black Hole Response Theory and its Exact Shockwave Limit
Black hole response theory in WQFT exactly reproduces the Aichelburg-Sexl shockwave metric, geodesics, and the transfer matrix for gravitational-wave scattering off it via post-Minkowskian resummation.
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All-order structure of static gravitational interactions and the seventh post-Newtonian potential
A closed formula computes static post-Newtonian corrections at arbitrary odd orders in gravity, yielding the explicit seventh post-Newtonian potential that matches an independent diagrammatic method.
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Secular evolution of orbital parameters for general bound orbits in Kerr spacetime
Analytic formulas for the orbit-averaged gravitational-wave fluxes of energy, angular momentum, and Carter constant for generic bound Kerr orbits are extended to 6PN order and O(e^16) in eccentricity, with numerical T...
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Universality in Relativistic Spinning Particle Models
Four relativistic spinning particle models (vector oscillator, spinor oscillator, spherical top, massive twistor) describe identical physics in free and interacting theories within the spin-magnitude-preserving sector.
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Renormalisation Group approach to General Relativity
An exact RG equation for classical gravity is proposed that reproduces the PM expansion and recovers the 1PN two-body action without explicit three-graviton vertices.
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Heterotic Footprints in Classical Gravity: PM dynamics from On-Shell soft amplitudes at one loop
Derives conservative potential and scattering angle for charged black holes in EMD theory via one-loop soft amplitudes, showing IR finiteness after Lippmann-Schwinger treatment and smooth reduction to GR.
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Loops Outside a Black Hole
Conjecture reducing bulk loop discontinuity integrals in black hole Schwinger-Keldysh geometry to exterior real-time finite-temperature loop integrals, checked at one to three loops for low-point functions.
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Worldline effective field theory of inspiralling black hole binaries in presence of dark photon and axionic dark matter
Computes 1PN conservative dynamics for gravitational/EM/Proca fields and 2PN for scalar, plus radiation effects from axion-photon coupling at high PN orders in binary black hole systems with dark matter.
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$\xi R\phi^2$ non-minimal coupling, and the long range gravitational potential for different spin fields from 2-2 scattering amplitudes
The ξ R φ² non-minimal coupling produces a leading r^{-4} long-range gravitational potential from one-loop 2-2 scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum gravity with vanishing cosmological constant, with explicit ...
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Scattering of massive spin-2 field via graviton exchanges with different spin fields and the long range gravitational potential
Tree-level graviton exchange yields Newtonian potentials plus spin-dependent corrections at O(G) for massive spin-2 scattering off scalars, vectors, and fermions, plus the leading spin-independent O(G^2) term for spin...
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Non-rotating Black Holes: Connecting the MST Formalism and Worldline EFT
Renormalized dynamical tidal response functions for non-rotating black holes in GR carry inevitable ambiguities from renormalization scheme and flow initial condition, yielding scheme-dependent dynamical tidal Love nu...
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Probing modified gravitational-wave dispersion with bursts from eccentric black-hole binaries
Applies parameterized dispersion to eccentric BBH burst waveforms, deriving a 2.5PN time-delay correction and Bessel amplitude modulation, then uses Fisher matrix to project LIGO constraints that are stronger than cur...
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Deriving effective descriptions and signal predictions for dynamical gravitational systems
Presents cavity-based effective descriptions for scalar radiation from black holes and modified models, linking them to wave profiles and accumulated phase shifts for detecting small deviations from classical behavior.
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Manifest symplecticity in classical scattering
The on-shell action and the exponential scattering generator differ as functions, but the on-shell action of the true Hamiltonian equals the on-shell action of the generator treated as a unit-time effective Hamiltonian.
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Love numbers of black holes and compact objects
A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.
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