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The Cosmological Constant
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This is a review of the physics and cosmology of the cosmological constant. Focusing on recent developments, I present a pedagogical overview of cosmology in the presence of a cosmological constant, observational constraints on its magnitude, and the physics of a small (and potentially nonzero) vacuum energy.
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Cited by 36 Pith papers
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The unavoidable de Sitter fate of a scale-invariant Universe
Stable flat solutions in scale-invariant scalar-tensor theories carry a non-vanishing cosmological constant unless the quartic coupling vanishes, and this vanishing is not radiatively protected, making a residual CC generic.
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A solid unification of the dark sector
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
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Reduced Incidence of Little Red Dots at z < 3 from Number Density and Halo Mass Evolution
LRDs transition from underdense low-halo-mass environments at z>4 to typical galaxy conditions by z~3.5, with halo growth leading to larger sizes and SED changes that explain their disappearance at lower redshifts.
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Avoiding recollapse in an open-AdS universe via a self-tuning-like mechanism
In a power-law Fab-Four model, a scalar field can screen a negative cosmological constant so an open universe expands linearly (a ∝ t) instead of recollapsing, at least for the representative branch shown.
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Sign-Switching Dark Energy: Smooth Transitions with Recent DESI DR2 Observations
Sign-switching dark energy with a transition at z_† fits recent DESI DR2, Planck CMB, and Pantheon+ data better than ΛCDM while raising the inferred Hubble constant and easing the Hubble tension.
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Realizing the phantom-divide crossing with vector and scalar fields
A scalar-vector-tensor dark-energy model crosses the phantom divide at low redshift with no ghost or Laplacian instabilities and growth signatures close to LCDM.
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Galactic dark matter halos: From anisotropic fluids in general relativity to Horava-Lifshitz gravity
A GR Hamiltonian deformation produces an anisotropic fluid that cannot flatten rotation curves, while Horava-Lifshitz produces the right dark-matter scaling only for an imposed power-law LTB ansatz with tight paramete...
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Towards a unified quantum field theory of dark energy and inflation: unstable de Sitter vacuum and running vacuum
The vacuum energy of quantum fields, computed exactly in de Sitter spacetime and then allowed to decay into radiation, can drive H^4-powered inflation and leave a slowly running dark energy δρ_vac ~ m_Pl^2 H^2, unifyi...
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Quasar cosmology II: joint analyses with Cosmic Microwave Background
Quasar, supernova, BAO, DES, and CMB data are jointly compatible only in an interacting dark-energy model, not in Lambda-CDM, wCDM, or CPL.
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Kinetic coupled tachyon: A dynamical system analysis
A kinetically coupled tachyon dark energy model admits a new stable scaling attractor for a range of coupling and potential parameters, providing a mechanism to keep dark energy and dark matter densities comparable.
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Inflation in non-local hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Non-local hybrid metric-Palatini gravity generically contains ghosts, but a degenerate subclass with metric f(R) gravity plus Palatini non-local terms is ghost-free and can drive slow-roll inflation resembling Starobi...
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A comprehensive numerical study on four categories of holographic dark energy models
Seven holographic dark energy models are constrained with DESI BAO, Planck CMB, and PantheonPlus supernovae; LambdaCDM stays preferred, Ricci dark energy is ruled out, and event-horizon models show large data-set-depe...
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Vacuum Metastability from Axion-Higgs Criticality
An ALP-Higgs coupling can lower the vacuum instability scale to near the weak scale, predicting an axion-like particle between 1 MeV and 20 GeV that future experiments can fully probe.
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Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy
Model-independent BAO+strong-lensing analysis yields γ_PPN ≈ 1.10–1.15 (P1) and 1.32–1.49 (P2), consistent with GR at 1–2.5σ depending on the lens mass model.
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The Goldstone Awakens: Unimodular dark energy in scale-invariant $R^2$ gravity
In a scale-invariant R² + unimodular-gravity model, the Goldstone boson of scale symmetry becomes thawing dark energy, with its equation of state fixed by the same coupling that sets the inflationary spectral tilt.
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COSMOS-Web: does halo mass alone shape the clustering of star-forming and quiescent galaxies?
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
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Microscopic entropy of de Sitter spacetime and entropic solution to the old cosmological constant problem
Requiring the RG flow of the de Sitter entropy parameter α to increase monotonically toward the infrared yields a cosmological constant matching the observed value.
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Reconstructing dark energy with fewer assumptions
Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0....
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Signatures of Modified Gravity on Linear Scales in a Dynamical Dark Energy Background
Using Planck, DESI, supernovae, and redshift-space distortions, the authors infer that modified gravity, if present, must act only below ~30 Mpc and cannot modify the large scales previously considered.
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Dynamical system analysis of the cosmological phases in Palatini $k$-essence gravity
Dynamical systems analysis of a Palatini k-essence model identifies fixed points for quasi-de-Sitter epochs, scaling solutions, and quintessence phases connected by heteroclinic orbits in flat FLRW cosmology.
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How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
A three-node spline reconstruction of holographic dark energy improves chi-squared over LambdaCDM by about 10 to 12, but Bayesian evidence gives no clear preference.
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Cosmographic analysis of sign-switching dark energy
New sign-switching dark energy models with ladder, smooth-step and error-function profiles are introduced and compared, with continuous transitions shown to convert the Lambda_sCDM sudden singularity into a milder w-s...
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Role of internal space correlations in the dynamics of a higher-dimensional Bianchi type-I universe: shear scalar and Hubble parameter perspectives
A constant correlation between external and internal expansion rates yields exact Bianchi type-I solutions whose effective dark energy mimics a cosmological constant at late times and a steady-state universe for negat...
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Multi-Messenger Cosmology: A Route to Accurate Inference of Dark Energy Beyond CPL Parametrization from XG Detectors
A simulation forecast claims CE+ET bright standard sirens can measure dark energy EoS parameters with sigma(w0)=0.010, sigma(wa)=0.049, sigma(wb)=0.072, better than other planned probes.
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Evolution of matter perturbations in the context of cosmic slowing down
For five phantom-capable dark-energy parameterizations, the growth index at redshift zero is about 0.54 with a negative slope, and the f-sigma-8 combination lies below the Lambda-CDM prediction over most of the redshi...
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New generalization of the Barboza-Alcaniz parametrization of Dark energy
A generalized Barboza-Alcaniz dark-energy parametrization with a free exponent n is fit to cosmological data, but the model analyzed does not actually resolve the future-time problem it was designed to fix.
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Intertwined Constraints in Extended Cosmologies: Dark Energy, Curvature, Neutrinos, and Inflation
Dynamical dark energy remains preferred across extended models while curvature, neutrino mass and inflation parameters show strong model dependence, with no resolution of the H0 tension.
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Galaxy formation in modified gravity -- II. galaxy halo connection and assembly bias
Simulations in f(R) gravity show that environment density in the HOD model reduces assembly bias effects to 2-3% at z≲0.5 in both ΛCDM and modified gravity.
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Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
Using late-universe probes only, the authors find all dark energy models remain within 1-2 sigma of Lambda CDM, which wins the Bayesian model comparison, and confirm that DESI's LRG1 and LRG2 points drive the dynamica...
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Cosmic distance duality after DESI 2024 data release and dark energy evolution
Using DESI BAO, galaxy clusters, supernovae and Hubble data, the authors find no evidence for violation of the cosmic distance duality and favor flat ΛCDM.
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Cosmological searches for the neutrino mass scale and mass ordering
Thesis summarizing an upper limit of 0.12 eV on the neutrino mass sum, bias calibration via CMB lensing cross-correlations, and tighter limits plus stronger normal-ordering preference in non-phantom dynamical dark ene...
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Running Vacuum in the expanding Universe: a unified QFT paradigm for Inflation and Dark Energy
The running vacuum model derives dynamical vacuum energy from QFT in curved spacetime, using H^4 terms for inflation and H^2 terms for dark energy while G evolves logarithmically.
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Bouncing Cosmology in Interacting Scalar-Torsion Gravity
Two interacting scalar-torsion models are shown, by tuned numerical construction, to host a matter bounce with phantom equation of state and NEC violation at the bounce epoch.
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Dark Energy and the Symbiosis Between Micro-physics and Cosmology (Naturally)
A review arguing that technical naturalness, powered by low-energy scale invariance and supersymmetric extra dimensions, is the most promising route to solving the cosmological constant problem.
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BSM: Extended Scalar Sectors
An updated review chapter on extended scalar sectors, their constraints, dark matter and CP violation links, and future collider searches.
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Cosmology with Peculiar Velocity Surveys
This is a review of the peculiar velocity field in cosmology, summarizing methods, surveys, and forecasts for growth-rate constraints.
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