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Distance measures in cosmology
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Formulae for the line-of-sight and transverse comoving distances, proper motion distance, angular diameter distance, luminosity distance, k-correction, distance modulus, comoving volume, lookback time, age, and object intersection probability are all given, some with justifications. Some attempt is made to rationalize disparate terminologies, or at least abuse bad usage.
Forward citations
Cited by 56 Pith papers
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Hector Galaxy Survey: Linking the low- and high-mass ends of the initial mass function in star-forming galaxies
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
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Inferring the role of binary neutron star mergers in r-process nucleosynthesis with multi-messenger observations using Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope
A new redshift-correlation technique with third-generation GW detectors can constrain the BNS contribution to cosmic r-process nucleosynthesis to 5-6% precision via Fisher forecasts on mock bright- and dark-siren data.
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Shadows of Giants: Constraints on Stupendously Large Black Holes from Negative Sources against the Cosmic Microwave Background
Stupendously large black holes cast shadows on the CMB that rule out masses above 10^17 solar masses within the last scattering surface and limit their density parameter to below 10^-5 for masses 10^15 to 10^18 solar masses.
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pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking du...
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Average soft X-ray surface brightness profile of massive galaxy clusters in Magneticum simulations
Magneticum simulations reproduce the eROSITA stacked soft X-ray surface brightness profile of massive clusters out to about 3 R500, with a central difference attributed to AGN feedback.
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A low value of $H_0$ in tension with the distance ladder from Megamasers using peculiar velocity reconstruction
Reanalyzing six megamaser galaxies with the M25 peculiar velocity reconstruction yields H0 ≈ 68.7 km/s/Mpc, consistent with the CMB and about 2.2σ below the local distance ladder.
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Radio Follow-Up of Einstein Probe Fast X-Ray Transients
ATA and multi-facility radio follow-up of 20 EP FXTs yields two relativistic afterglows and mJy-level limits implying a heterogeneous FXT population overlapping bright GRB and TDE radio luminosities.
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Modified Cosmology from Mass-to-Horizon Relation: Observational Bounds
Observational constraints pin the MHR entropy exponent to |m−1|≲10⁻⁴ when γ is fixed, and Bayesian evidence disfavors all tested horizon-entropy extensions relative to ΛCDM.
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Cosmological $\gamma$-$\gamma$ Pair-Production Background
Cosmic background photons colliding with each other produce enough electron-positron pairs that their Inverse Compton emission could supply 10-20% of the 1 MeV-1 GeV cosmic gamma-ray background.
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Charting the expansion of the Universe from z$\sim$0 to z$\sim$14 with HII galaxies
Using the HII-galaxy luminosity–velocity-dispersion relation, the authors extend the Hubble diagram to z≈14 and derive h=0.725±0.040, Ωm=0.308, and w consistent with ΛCDM.
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Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries
Gradient-descent inversion of redshifted BBH mass distributions recovers the PBH mass function and, via regularized Press-Schechter, a candidate O(10^{-2}) bump in the small-scale primordial power spectrum.
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Probing Neutrinophilic Long-Range Forces at DUNE
DUNE's long baseline can exclude previously unexplored regions of neutrinophilic long-range force parameter space and map them onto cosmologically relevant neutrino self-interaction strengths.
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Distinguishing wormholes via Einstein rings and global curvature
Wormhole Einstein rings follow cubic cosmological-distance scaling, giving a model-independent redshift diagnostic that separates them from black holes and tracks global curvature.
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Statistical Field Theory for Weak Gravitational Lensing
Formulates weak lensing as a stochastic field theory generating diagrammatic expansions for arbitrary n-point lensing observables, with linear propagation as the lowest-order limit and a selection rule for hierarchy mixing.
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PHANTOM: A MATLAB and Octave Toolbox Connecting Linear Field Statistics to Dark Matter Halo Observables
PHANTOM is a public MATLAB/Octave toolbox for linear field statistics and halo observables in dark matter cosmology, validated to sub-percent agreement with Python packages colossus, hmf, and halomod.
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Consistency of DES and DESI distances and the Standard Cosmological Model
DESI recovers the CMB-constrained parameter combination at sub-percent precision; high-redshift DES supernovae fit flat Lambda CDM while a 0.05 mag offset in the low-redshift anchor sample may be systematic, supportin...
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pop-cosmos: Disentangling galaxy properties from observables using data-driven approaches
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
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Towards improved synchrotron self absorption energy estimates: accounting for inhomogeneous and non-spherical emitting regions
This paper derives quantitative correction factors for traditional SSA minimum energy estimates to account for inhomogeneity and non-spherical geometry in emitting regions.
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Magnetised CGM Gas at z~1 revealed by SPICE-RACS
A 4.5σ excess RM dispersion of 4.13 ± 0.91 rad m^{-2} is found in 191 Mg II sightlines versus controls, implying model-dependent CGM magnetic fields of 0.4-0.8 μG at projected radii 20-150 kpc and z~1.14.
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From DES to KiDS: Domain adaptation for cross-survey detection of low-surface-brightness galaxies
Domain adaptation with an ensemble of CNN and transformer models trained on DES detects 20,180 LSBGs and 434 UDGs in KiDS DR5, with structural parameters and environmental trends consistent with known samples.
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Model-independent test of the cosmic distance duality relation with recent observational data
Two model-independent methods applied to latest SN and BAO data find the cosmic distance duality relation consistent with observations within 1 sigma and no evidence of violation.
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The superclustering of hot gas: cosmological sensitivity in the Websky simulations
Higher-order multipole moments of oriented tSZ stacks around superclusters retain cosmological sensitivity similar to the monopole while being less affected by gas-pressure modeling choices, which may help break the g...
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Quantum stress-energy at timelike boundaries: testing a new beyond-$\Lambda$CDM parameter with cosmological data
Timelike boundaries sourcing negative, 1/a-scaling vacuum energy fit CMB+BAO data slightly better than LCDM and relax the neutrino-mass constraint, though the preference is only about 2 sigma.
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Implications for dark energy of cosmic transparency in light of DESI data
No deviation found from the distance duality relation in combined DESI, CMB, and supernova data, ruling out dimming as an explanation of the Hubble tension.
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Morphological Demographics of Galaxies at $z\sim 10-16$: Log-Normal Size Distribution and Exponential Profiles Consistent with the Disk Formation Scenario
Galaxies at z=10-16 have a log-normal size distribution with sigma 0.52, nearly uniform axis ratios, and exponential profiles, consistent with early disk formation.
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Explaining JWST counts with galaxy formation models
JWST near-infrared galaxy counts are well reproduced by GALFORM, and their magnitude-21 break is explained by the luminosity function break, cosmological volume effects, and the k-correction, with low-redshift (z < 2)...
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The Evolution of Half-Mass Radii and Color Gradients for Young and Old Quiescent Galaxies at $0.5 < z < 3$ with JWST/PRIMER
Rest-frame near-infrared half-light radii of quiescent galaxies trace their half-mass radii, and young and old quiescent galaxies have consistent sizes at intermediate stellar masses from z=3 to z=0.5.
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From eccentric binaries to nonstationary gravitational wave backgrounds
Time-dependent fluctuations in the gravitational wave background can be large and detectable when the background is dominated by massive, eccentric supermassive black hole binaries or by a single eccentric binary with...
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A Future Percent-Level Measurement of the Hubble Expansion at Redshift 0.8 With Advanced LIGO
Simulated Advanced LIGO/Virgo data predicts that the PISN mass cutoff in black hole binary mergers can measure H(z=0.8) to 6.1% in one year and 2.9% in five years.
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MAGPHYS+photo-z: Constraining the Physical Properties of Galaxies with Unknown Redshifts
This paper presents a galaxy SED-fitting code that simultaneously estimates photometric redshifts and physical properties with propagated uncertainties, validated on over 4,000 COSMOS galaxies at 0.4 < z < 6.0.
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pop-cosmos: Galaxy size evolution across structural and star-formation classifications in COSMOS-Web
Galaxy size-mass relations exhibit double power-law breaks at different pivot masses for quiescent versus bulge-dominated samples, coinciding with AGN activity scales.
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The local ultraviolet signature of Type Ia supernova environments from HST and MUSE
Analysis of 340 SN Ia sites shows UV and Halpha SFR correlate, UV shifts age estimates older, and local properties correlate strongly with stretch x1 but weakly with Hubble residuals after standardization.
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SGNL: Scalable Low-Latency Gravitational Wave Detection Pipeline for Compact Binary Mergers
SGNL, a PyTorch/GPU reimplementation of the GstLAL gravitational-wave search, matches GstLAL sensitivity on a 40-day mock data challenge while reporting 42% lower median alert latency.
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Artificial Broadcasts as Galactic Populations: III. Constraints on Radio Broadcasts from the Cosmic Population of Inhabited Galaxies
Upper limits on the cosmic abundance of Kardashev Type III radio-broadcasting populations are set at less than one per 10^17 stars using radio source counts and commensal SETI field limits.
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Features of the Spatial Distribution of Galaxy Clusters
The authors claim a 4-5 sigma quasi-periodic clustering signal with 100-140 Mpc/h spacing along antipodal directions, based on a search that likely inflates significance.
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Radio sources of the survey on the declination of the pulsar in Crab Nebula
New 4.7 GHz flux densities, spectra, variability measures, and cross-identifications for 205 radio sources in a strip at the Crab pulsar's declination.
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Connection between optical and radio/millimeter flares in blazar OJ287
The 1995.8-1996.1 outburst light curves of OJ287 at optical V-band and radio/mm frequencies are decomposed into 36 symmetric elementary flares produced by the lighthouse effect of helically moving superluminal knots.
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Beyond $j=1$: Observational Constraints on Almost-$\Lambda$CDM Cosmologies
Current BAO+CMB+SN data confine the cosmic jerk to within a few percent of the LambdaCDM value j=1 and yield a reconstructed dark-energy equation of state that remains close to w=-1.
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Shape-Preserving Evolution of the Global Ultraviolet Quasar Luminosity Function to $z\simeq7.5$
Shape-preserving LADE models with fixed local LF shape provide the statistically preferred description of UV QLF evolution to z~7.5 over flexible alternatives based on AIC/BIC.
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Mapping the star formation peak with LIGO A# and Next-Generation detectors
Simulations show LIGO-A# constrains the peak redshift of binary black hole merger rate (tracing star formation) to ±0.1 in one year, improving to ±0.02 with next-generation detectors.
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Late-Time Cosmology and Structure Formation in Quadratic $f(Q)$ Gravity
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
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Measuring the Hubble constant with strongly lensed gravitational waves from space-based detector networks
Simulations indicate joint Taiji+LISA analysis of five SLGW events yields H0 95% credible interval uncertainties of 0.11 (source redshift unknown) or 0.042 (source redshift known).
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Primordial Black Hole signatures from femtolensing and spectral fringe of Gamma Ray Bursts
Spectral fringes in a few GRB observations indicate possible femtolensing by primordial black holes, providing upper limits on their fractional abundance as dark matter.
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Sensitivity of Weak Lensing Surveys to Gravitational Waves from Inspiraling Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Weak lensing surveys cannot detect nanohertz-microhertz gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries under realistic conditions; only unattainable idealized surveys could probe this band.
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Joint constraints on $R_h=ct$ cosmology from DESI DR2 BAO, CC, and SN\textit{Ia} Pantheon$^+$ sample
ΛCDM fits the joint DESI DR2 BAO + Pantheon+ + cosmic-chronometer data better than the coasting R_h=ct model, which yields an older universe and a lower fitted H0.
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Mitigating gain calibration errors from EoR observations with SKA1-Low AA*
Simulations show hybrid foreground mitigation (GPR + PCA combined with avoidance) recovers the HI 21cm signal within 2σ for gain calibration errors ≤1% in SKA1-Low AA* observations over 0.05-0.5 Mpc^{-1} scales.
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Revisiting the 150 MHz Radio Luminosity Function of Star-Forming Galaxies with LOFAR Deep Fields through a Refined Statistical Framework
At 150 MHz, the star-forming galaxy luminosity function evolves in both luminosity and density; pure luminosity evolution is strongly rejected by a KDE-plus-maximum-likelihood reanalysis of LOFAR deep fields.
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False Alarm Rates in Detecting Gravitational Wave Lensing from Astrophysical Coincidences: Insights with Model-Independent Technique GLANCE
Simulations of unlensed binary black hole mergers show that ~0.01% of event pairs are falsely classified as lensed by GLANCE at SNR threshold 1.5 with time delays of ~1000 days or more.
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J-PLUS: The stellar mass function of quiescent and star-forming galaxies at 0.05 <= z <= 0.2
J-PLUS DR3 yields Schechter-function stellar mass functions for quiescent and star-forming galaxies at 0.05 <= z <= 0.2 that match prior work, with quiescent galaxies showing higher characteristic mass and flatter fai...
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The Impact of Foregrounds on Dark Ages Measurements with the Highly Redshifted 21 cm Line
For dark ages 21 cm cosmology, foreground avoidance costs about an order of magnitude in sensitivity, making some foreground subtraction necessary for near-term arrays.
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Detection of Unresolved Strongly Lensed Supernovae with 7-Dimensional Telescope
A simulation forecasts that a small-telescope array can detect several unresolved lensed supernovae per year and, with follow-up, constrain H0 to about 2.7 percent.
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Predisposition of galaxy clusters to producing exotic hyperbolic umbilic lensing configurations
Parametric models of 74 clusters are used to compute exotic comoving volumes for hyperbolic umbilic lensing, yielding an average contribution of 0.125 galaxies per cluster and a 90% detection probability with 19 clusters.
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Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
DESI data indicating evolving dark energy may allow string theory to describe observed universes without violating swampland constraints on constant dark energy.
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Alleviating the Hubble Tension via Cosmological Time Dilation in the meVSL Model
The meVSL model's parameter b reduces the baryon drag sound horizon, raising inferred H0, and changes the cosmological time-dilation exponent to n=1-b/4; the paper forecasts SN sample sizes to detect this.
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GWTC-5.0: An Introduction to Version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
GWTC-5.0 is a data release documenting over 300 gravitational-wave events from compact binary mergers observed through early 2025.
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Simple Analytic Estimate of Black Hole Shadow Size in an Expanding Universe
The shadow angular radius of a Schwarzschild black hole is set to 3√3 GM/(c² D_A(z)), re-expressing a known local formula with the fitted cosmological distance.
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