First experimental realization of a quantum-regime single-ion phonon laser for electrometry, achieving 14.15 μV/m/√Hz sensitivity governed by finite-time Liouvillian dynamics.
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Quantum sensing
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abstract
"Quantum sensing" describes the use of a quantum system, quantum properties or quantum phenomena to perform a measurement of a physical quantity. Historical examples of quantum sensors include magnetometers based on superconducting quantum interference devices and atomic vapors, or atomic clocks. More recently, quantum sensing has become a distinct and rapidly growing branch of research within the area of quantum science and technology, with the most common platforms being spin qubits, trapped ions and flux qubits. The field is expected to provide new opportunities - especially with regard to high sensitivity and precision - in applied physics and other areas of science. In this review, we provide an introduction to the basic principles, methods and concepts of quantum sensing from the viewpoint of the interested experimentalist.
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quant-ph 24 hep-ph 4 physics.optics 2 cond-mat.other 1 cond-mat.stat-mech 1 gr-qc 1 hep-th 1 physics.chem-ph 1roles
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Introduces forward-assisted purification via a new spatiotemporal framework that outperforms conventional static purification by up to 50x in copy efficiency and circumvents no-purification theorems for Bell states.
Demonstration of quantum non-demolition readout for a mesoscopic NV-center spin ensemble in diamond that reaches 3.8 dB below thermal projection noise and approaches intrinsic spin projection noise.
Variational optimization on dipolar spin chains reaches 0.92 of the quantum Fisher information benchmark for joint magnetometry and gradiometry, delivering a 4.2x advantage over the standard quantum limit.
A Fisher information framework for Rydberg EIT sensing of low-frequency fields proposes a DC-biased two-point differential method achieving ~10^{-4} V/m/sqrt(Hz) CRLB sensitivity, with cavity enhancement boosting Fisher information by over 100 times.
A Ramsey-type array of N unentangled qubits can detect wave-like dark matter with coupling sensitivity δα ∼ 1/(T√N), rivaling entangled-qubit schemes.
Derives KL_W and R_DV regularizers from Girsanov's theorem that reduce infidelity by up to 50% and improve robustness to noise mismatch on single- and multi-qubit benchmarks including an IBM Kingston calibration.
A lithography-free process combining Ga FIB milling, carbon deposition, and annealing produces deterministic hBN single-photon emitter arrays with 89% yield and g^(2)(0)=0.15.
Hybrid cryogenic-cavity plus chip-scale Brillouin laser delivers <1 Hz linewidth and 0.2 Hz²/Hz noise above 10 MHz, enabling sub-Hz spectroscopy in a 3D 87Sr clock.
Sunlight produces polarization-entangled photons through SPDC, achieving concurrence 0.905, fidelity 0.939, and Bell violation S=2.54 exceeding the classical limit.
A quenched chiral spin chain produces analog Hawking radiation with non-Planckian spectrum but Poissonian statistics, detectable by a weakly coupled qubit sensor that reveals the horizon-induced temperature.
Proposes entangled vibrational qubits in linear Paul traps for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves via graviton-photon conversion or relative motion, with N-squared sensitivity enhancement.
A matrix product state tensor network method enables numerically exact simulation of coherence and population dynamics in spin networks, including under repeated light pulses.
Presents complex versions of Fisher information matrices and Cramér-Rao bounds for quantum estimation depending on complex parameters.
Coherent enhancement in detectors is quantitatively constrained by single-mode entanglement entropy, with general bounds on scaling with system size that interpolate between incoherent and fully coherent regimes.
SpinTune applies reinforcement learning to discover adaptive dynamical decoupling sequences that outperform standard methods at preserving coherence in simulated Carbon-13 spin bath environments.
Laser-induced paramagnetic centers reduce the 207Pb nuclear T1 by a factor of approximately two in PT and PMN-PT crystals, from 17 s to 7 s at 4.6 MHz.
Quantum sensing with undetected photons achieves optimal multiparameter estimation precision using a single phase shift and multipass count scaling as the inverse log of transmission.
Lindblad dynamics admits a universal closed algebra of Hermitian operators with model dependence isolated in a single set of coefficients.
The Petz recovery map equals the gradient of the log-likelihood in maximum-likelihood tomography, unifying retrodiction and state reconstruction via a shared iterative procedure.
Single quantum emitters in hBN enable independent dual sensing of temperature via ZPL position and magnetic field via ODMR.
Reports experimental generation of remote Bell entanglement between two giant atoms with fidelity 0.89 using driven-dissipative stabilization and in-situ frequency tuning.
Gravitational decoherence of macroscopic objects in Newtonian gravity accumulates logarithmically over distances but remains subdominant to collisional decoherence.
Quantum error-correcting codes are connected to sensor states in quantum metrology, illustrated by relating the absorption-emission code to states for arbitrary rotation sensing.
citing papers explorer
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Finite-Time Electrometry with a Quantum-Regime Single-Ion Phonon Laser
First experimental realization of a quantum-regime single-ion phonon laser for electrometry, achieving 14.15 μV/m/√Hz sensitivity governed by finite-time Liouvillian dynamics.
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Forward-Assisted Purification: A Spatiotemporal Framework Beyond Conventional Limits
Introduces forward-assisted purification via a new spatiotemporal framework that outperforms conventional static purification by up to 50x in copy efficiency and circumvents no-purification theorems for Bell states.
-
Readout of a solid state spin ensemble at the projection noise limit
Demonstration of quantum non-demolition readout for a mesoscopic NV-center spin ensemble in diamond that reaches 3.8 dB below thermal projection noise and approaches intrinsic spin projection noise.
-
Variational Joint Magnetometry and Gradiometry on Dipolar Spin Chains
Variational optimization on dipolar spin chains reaches 0.92 of the quantum Fisher information benchmark for joint magnetometry and gradiometry, delivering a 4.2x advantage over the standard quantum limit.
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Sensing of Low-Frequency Electric Fields Using Rydberg EIT within the Fisher Information Framework
A Fisher information framework for Rydberg EIT sensing of low-frequency fields proposes a DC-biased two-point differential method achieving ~10^{-4} V/m/sqrt(Hz) CRLB sensitivity, with cavity enhancement boosting Fisher information by over 100 times.
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Coherent collective response in many-qubit systems for dark matter detection
A Ramsey-type array of N unentangled qubits can detect wave-like dark matter with coupling sensitivity δα ∼ 1/(T√N), rivaling entangled-qubit schemes.
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QMaxCal: Path-Space Regularization for Open Quantum Control via Girsanov's Theorem
Derives KL_W and R_DV regularizers from Girsanov's theorem that reduce infidelity by up to 50% and improve robustness to noise mismatch on single- and multi-qubit benchmarks including an IBM Kingston calibration.
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Deterministic Single-Photon Emitter Arrays in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Carbon-Assisted Focused Ion Beam Engineering
A lithography-free process combining Ga FIB milling, carbon deposition, and annealing produces deterministic hBN single-photon emitter arrays with 89% yield and g^(2)(0)=0.15.
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Ultra-Low-Noise Brillouin Hybrid Synthetic Laser for Sub-Hertz Lattice Clock Spectroscopy
Hybrid cryogenic-cavity plus chip-scale Brillouin laser delivers <1 Hz linewidth and 0.2 Hz²/Hz noise above 10 MHz, enabling sub-Hz spectroscopy in a 3D 87Sr clock.
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Generating quantum entanglement from sunlight
Sunlight produces polarization-entangled photons through SPDC, achieving concurrence 0.905, fidelity 0.939, and Bell violation S=2.54 exceeding the classical limit.
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Emergent Hawking Radiation and Quantum Sensing in a Quenched Chiral Spin Chain
A quenched chiral spin chain produces analog Hawking radiation with non-Planckian spectrum but Poissonian statistics, detectable by a weakly coupled qubit sensor that reveals the horizon-induced temperature.
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Probing high-frequency gravitational waves with entangled vibrational qubits in linear Paul traps
Proposes entangled vibrational qubits in linear Paul traps for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves via graviton-photon conversion or relative motion, with N-squared sensitivity enhancement.
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Numerically exact quantum dynamics with tensor networks: Predicting the decoherence of interacting spin systems
A matrix product state tensor network method enables numerically exact simulation of coherence and population dynamics in spin networks, including under repeated light pulses.
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Complex Field Formulation of the Quantum Estimation Theory
Presents complex versions of Fisher information matrices and Cramér-Rao bounds for quantum estimation depending on complex parameters.
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Entanglement Requirements for Coherent Enhancement in Detectors
Coherent enhancement in detectors is quantitatively constrained by single-mode entanglement entropy, with general bounds on scaling with system size that interpolate between incoherent and fully coherent regimes.
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SpinTune: Improving the Reliability of Quantum Sensor Networks for Practical Quantum-Classical Utility
SpinTune applies reinforcement learning to discover adaptive dynamical decoupling sequences that outperform standard methods at preserving coherence in simulated Carbon-13 spin bath environments.
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Control of relaxation properties of a macroscopic nuclear spin ensemble
Laser-induced paramagnetic centers reduce the 207Pb nuclear T1 by a factor of approximately two in PT and PMN-PT crystals, from 17 s to 7 s at 4.6 MHz.
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Ultimate sensitivity of multiparameter estimation in quantum sensing with undetected photons
Quantum sensing with undetected photons achieves optimal multiparameter estimation precision using a single phase shift and multipass count scaling as the inverse log of transmission.
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Algebraic structures of the Lindblad equation
Lindblad dynamics admits a universal closed algebra of Hermitian operators with model dependence isolated in a single set of coefficients.
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Connecting Quantum Tomography and Quantum Retrodiction
The Petz recovery map equals the gradient of the log-likelihood in maximum-likelihood tomography, unifying retrodiction and state reconstruction via a shared iterative procedure.
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On chip, multifunctional quantum sensing using single spins in a van der Waals crystal
Single quantum emitters in hBN enable independent dual sensing of temperature via ZPL position and magnetic field via ODMR.
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Driven-dissipative entanglement of distant giant atoms
Reports experimental generation of remote Bell entanglement between two giant atoms with fidelity 0.89 using driven-dissipative stabilization and in-situ frequency tuning.
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Gravitationally Induced Quantum Decoherence of Macroscopic Objects
Gravitational decoherence of macroscopic objects in Newtonian gravity accumulates logarithmically over distances but remains subdominant to collisional decoherence.
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Quantum Sensing and Quantum Error Correction: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Quantum error-correcting codes are connected to sensor states in quantum metrology, illustrated by relating the absorption-emission code to states for arbitrary rotation sensing.
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QEDtool: A Python package for numerical quantum information in quantum electrodynamics
QEDtool is a Python package implementing numerical reconstruction of quantum polarization states, correlations, and entanglement from Feynman amplitudes in relativistic QED scattering.
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From spin squeezing to fast state discrimination
In the large-N limit, spin squeezing torsion yields a nonlinear qubit governed by the two-state Gross-Pitaevskii equation that solves single-input state discrimination on the Bloch sphere.
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Designing a Satellite Serviced Quantum Network Backbone for Concurrent Global Connectivity
Simulations identify anisotropic ground stations, multi-inclination LEO orbits, and multi-party service policies as key to achieving concurrent global quantum connectivity with acceptable latency and link strength.
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From Independent to Joint: Enhancing Quantum Phase and Correlation Factor Estimation by Squeezed Reservoir Engineering
Optimizing the squeezing phase in a correlated squeezed-thermal reservoir maximizes quantum Fisher information for phase and correlation parameters and reduces joint-estimation variance.
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Super-Heisenberg protocol for dark matter and high-frequency gravitational wave search
A protocol using squeezed states in 2D ion crystals in a Penning trap achieves super-Heisenberg sensitivity for axion-like particles, dark photons, and high-frequency gravitational waves while accounting for decoherence.
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Learning Non-Markovian Noise via Ensemble Optimal Control
Machine learning trains an ensemble optimal control scheme to pick optimal measurement times for non-Markovian quantum noise parameters, reaching near Cramér-Rao bound precision.
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Concurrence-Driven Path Entanglement in Phase-Modified Interferometry
The paper proposes connecting path (momentum) entanglement to concurrence in phase-modified Mach-Zehnder interferometers for two-quanton systems as an analog to spin/polarization joint measurements.
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Scalable surface ion trap design for magnetic quantum sensing and gradiometry
A surface ion trap design with multiple trapping regions enables high-sensitivity magnetic field mapping and gradiometry using trapped ions.
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Fundamentals and Applications of Hybrid Electro- and Opto-mechanical system coupled to Superconducting Qubit: A Short Review
A review surveying coupling mechanisms in superconducting qubit-mechanical resonator hybrids and their extension to optomechanical architectures for quantum sensing applications.
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Time-Reversal and Reversible Dynamics in Cavity QED for Quantum Metrology
A review of time-reversal and interaction-based readout in cavity QED for quantum metrology, covering SATIN, scrambling-enhanced metrology, and related schemes.
- Spin bath mediated long-lived coherent oscillations of NV centers in diamond