Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
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Bershady and David R
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abstract
We present an overview of a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) that began on 2014 July 1. MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematic structure and composition of gas and stars in an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. We summarize essential characteristics of the instrument and survey design in the context of MaNGA's key science goals and present prototype observations to demonstrate MaNGA's scientific potential. MaNGA employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12" (19 fibers) to 32" (127 fibers). Two dual-channel spectrographs provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over 3600-10300 A at R~2000. With a typical integration time of 3 hr, MaNGA reaches a target r-band signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 (per A, per 2" fiber) at 23 AB mag per sq. arcsec, which is typical for the outskirts of MaNGA galaxies. Targets are selected with stellar mass greater than 1e9 Msun using SDSS-I redshifts and i-band luminosity to achieve uniform radial coverage in terms of the effective radius, an approximately flat distribution in stellar mass, and a sample spanning a wide range of environments. Analysis of our prototype observations demonstrates MaNGA's ability to probe gas ionization, shed light on recent star formation and quenching, enable dynamical modeling, decompose constituent components, and map the composition of stellar populations. MaNGA's spatially resolved spectra will enable an unprecedented study of the astrophysics of nearby galaxies in the coming 6 yr.
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representative citing papers
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
Calypso is a parameter-conditioned stochastic surrogate model for circumbinary accretion flows using PCA and multivariate Gaussian modeling, released as open-source software with a closed-form likelihood for parameter inference from time series.
Realistic ISM fluctuations from TIGRESS-NCR MHD simulations drive stellar radial heating with σ_R ∝ t^{1/2} (early, cold) and t^{1/5} (late, warm) plus substantial migration explained by quasilinear theory with λ_* ~600 pc and τ_* ~70 Myr.
Bar pattern speeds anti-correlate with stellar and total dynamical mass in 30 galaxies, placing the slowest bars in the most massive systems and supporting angular momentum transfer to dark matter.
XRISM observations show the core of Abell 2199 is kinematically coherent with low turbulence, where turbulent heating may offset ~20% of radiative cooling losses.
SchwarMAX delivers a fast GPU-native Schwarzschild modeling code that recovers density profiles and bar pattern speed from mock IFU data of a simulated barred galaxy.
Defines path-signature descriptors for spectral line profiles and shows they enable unsupervised clustering of MaNGA Hα spaxels into spatially coherent classes whose stacked spectra recover large-scale velocity patterns.
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
A masked autoencoder model trained on 4.7 million DESI single-fiber observations predicts emission-line maps from images that match independent MaNGA IFU data without any IFU training.
Progenitor age is the primary physical driver of the host-mass and host-sSFR magnitude steps in Type Ia supernovae, with the mass step eliminated by direct age correction.
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
A hybrid CNN-Transformer denoiser trained on synthetic spectra substantially reduces noise and improves stellar population recovery for low-S/N galaxy observations in controlled tests.
Improved pPXF uses analytic Fourier transforms of Gauss-Hermite functions for accurate convolution, providing reliable velocities even when σ is much less than the sampling ΔV.
Spirals in spiral-elliptical pairs have centrally suppressed star formation and elevated gas-phase metallicity, unlike spirals in spiral-spiral pairs, with strength set by companion mass and gas kinematics.
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
New JWST data on 23 galaxies at 0.5<z<1.7 show median dark matter fraction of 0.63 at effective radius with 0.2 dex scatter, and a mix of rising, flat, and falling rotation curves.
DESI spectra yield radial metallicity gradients in 2291 low-z star-forming galaxies that decline steeply in massive systems, flatten at large radii across all masses, and correlate with size and outer stellar age.
JWST observations of high-redshift galaxies show no evolution in dust geometry to z~2.4 and yield an empirical calibration linking resolved differential reddening to SFR surface density.
HETDEX PDR1 releases an expanded public catalog of 426,654 LAEs, 491,411 [O II] emitters and additional sources from 86.67 sq deg of integral-field spectroscopy with improved classifiers.
MaNGA data shows dwarf galaxies (log M* <= 9.5) remain mostly star-forming with weak environmental dependence while intermediate-mass galaxies (9.5 < log M* < 10) display stronger quenching trends, and dwarf early-types host younger stellar populations than their intermediate-mass counterparts.
Spatially resolved HI survey of eight Seyfert galaxies shows AGN feedback has limited impact on global atomic gas disk structure but may enhance local turbulence.
Recalibration of the Hα surface brightness-radius relation with Gaia DR3 parallaxes yields new distances for 1130 planetary nebulae and shows breaks in the Milky Way oxygen radial gradient near the solar radius.
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
citing papers explorer
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Hector Galaxy Survey: Linking the low- and high-mass ends of the initial mass function in star-forming galaxies
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
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Multiphase images of a powerful supernova-driven wind in the early Universe
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
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\texttt{calypso}: a Parameter-Conditioned Stochastic Surrogate Model for Circumbinary Accretion Time-Series
Calypso is a parameter-conditioned stochastic surrogate model for circumbinary accretion flows using PCA and multivariate Gaussian modeling, released as open-source software with a closed-form likelihood for parameter inference from time series.
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Interstellar Medium-Driven Orbital Transport -- I. Radial Heating and Migration
Realistic ISM fluctuations from TIGRESS-NCR MHD simulations drive stellar radial heating with σ_R ∝ t^{1/2} (early, cold) and t^{1/5} (late, warm) plus substantial migration explained by quasilinear theory with λ_* ~600 pc and τ_* ~70 Myr.
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The Role of Baryonic and Dark Matter in Bar Kinematics
Bar pattern speeds anti-correlate with stellar and total dynamical mass in 30 galaxies, placing the slowest bars in the most massive systems and supporting angular momentum transfer to dark matter.
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XRISM Reveals a Kinematically Coherent Core System of the Nearby Cool-Core Cluster Abell 2199
XRISM observations show the core of Abell 2199 is kinematically coherent with low turbulence, where turbulent heating may offset ~20% of radiative cooling losses.
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SchwarMAX: a GPU-friendly Schwarzschild orbit-superposition modelling framework
SchwarMAX delivers a fast GPU-native Schwarzschild modeling code that recovers density profiles and bar pattern speed from mock IFU data of a simulated barred galaxy.
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The Hidden Geometry of Astrophysical Spectra: Path-Signatures of Line Profiles
Defines path-signature descriptors for spectral line profiles and shows they enable unsupervised clustering of MaNGA Hα spaxels into spatially coherent classes whose stacked spectra recover large-scale velocity patterns.
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Beyond the Fundamental Metallicity Relation: galaxy sizes encode the link between inflow and metallicity
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
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Integral Field Unit Spectroscopy with One Fiber
A masked autoencoder model trained on 4.7 million DESI single-fiber observations predicts emission-line maps from images that match independent MaNGA IFU data without any IFU training.
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Strong Progenitor Age Bias in Supernova Cosmology. III. Progenitor Age as the Physical Origin of the Type Ia Supernova Magnitude Steps with Host Properties
Progenitor age is the primary physical driver of the host-mass and host-sSFR magnitude steps in Type Ia supernovae, with the mass step eliminated by direct age correction.
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Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
-
A CNN--Transformer Denoiser for low-$S/N$ Galaxy Spectra: Stellar Population Recovery in Synthetic Tests
A hybrid CNN-Transformer denoiser trained on synthetic spectra substantially reduces noise and improves stellar population recovery for low-S/N galaxy observations in controlled tests.
-
Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions
Improved pPXF uses analytic Fourier transforms of Gauss-Hermite functions for accurate convolution, providing reliable velocities even when σ is much less than the sampling ΔV.
-
Radial Distributions of Star Formation and Gas-phase Metallicity in Spiral-Elliptical Galaxy Pairs
Spirals in spiral-elliptical pairs have centrally suppressed star formation and elevated gas-phase metallicity, unlike spirals in spiral-spiral pairs, with strength set by companion mass and gas kinematics.
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The Impact of Non-Gaussian Line Spread Functions on Stellar Kinematic Recovery: Consequences for Dynamical Models
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
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MSA-3D: Rotation Curves and Dark Matter Fractions at z~0.5-1.7 with JWST/NIRSpec
New JWST data on 23 galaxies at 0.5<z<1.7 show median dark matter fraction of 0.63 at effective radius with 0.2 dex scatter, and a mix of rising, flat, and falling rotation curves.
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DESI as sparse Integral Field Spectrograph I: Spatially resolved chemical enrichment in star-forming galaxies at $z\leq0.1$
DESI spectra yield radial metallicity gradients in 2291 low-z star-forming galaxies that decline steeply in massive systems, flatten at large radii across all masses, and correlate with size and outer stellar age.
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Spatially Resolved Nebular-Stellar Reddening with JWST/NIRISS
JWST observations of high-redshift galaxies show no evolution in dust geometry to z~2.4 and yield an empirical calibration linking resolved differential reddening to SFR surface density.
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HETDEX Public Data Release 1: Source Catalog 2 and Data Cubes from ~90 sq deg of Integral-Field Optical Spectroscopy
HETDEX PDR1 releases an expanded public catalog of 426,654 LAEs, 491,411 [O II] emitters and additional sources from 86.67 sq deg of integral-field spectroscopy with improved classifiers.
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Dwarf and Intermediate-Mass Galaxies in MaNGA: Evidence for Different Evolutionary Trends
MaNGA data shows dwarf galaxies (log M* <= 9.5) remain mostly star-forming with weak environmental dependence while intermediate-mass galaxies (9.5 < log M* < 10) display stronger quenching trends, and dwarf early-types host younger stellar populations than their intermediate-mass counterparts.
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A Spatially Resolved HI Survey of Seyfert Galaxies: the Role of AGN Feedback in Shaping Atomic Gas Reservoirs
Spatially resolved HI survey of eight Seyfert galaxies shows AGN feedback has limited impact on global atomic gas disk structure but may enhance local turbulence.
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Recalibration of the H$\alpha$ surface brightness-radius relation for planetary nebulae using Gaia DR3: new distances and the Milky Way oxygen radial gradient
Recalibration of the Hα surface brightness-radius relation with Gaia DR3 parallaxes yields new distances for 1130 planetary nebulae and shows breaks in the Milky Way oxygen radial gradient near the solar radius.
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COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
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The Impact of Bars, Spirals and Bulge-Size on Gas-Phase Metallicity Gradients in MaNGA Galaxies
Observational study finds spiral structure correlates with steeper metallicity gradients, larger bulges with shallower gradients and higher metallicities, but no gradient differences from bars or spiral winding tightness.
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The MaNGA Low-mass disks HUnt for CO (MaLHUCO) Survey
New CO observations of low-mass late-type galaxies show the molecular gas-star formation relation remains linear, with shorter depletion times and a shift toward molecular-dominated gas at higher stellar masses.
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Radial Profiles of Binary Fraction in Elliptical Galaxies
Binary fractions in elliptical galaxies remain approximately flat with radius once stellar population variations are subtracted, showing less than 5% change at one effective radius for nearly all galaxies studied.
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Spectral Evolution and Transient Broad-Line Features in the Isolated AGN UNAM-KIAS 613
Multi-epoch spectroscopy of UNAM-KIAS 613 shows transient double-peaked broad Hα emission interpreted as a one-time bipolar outflow in an isolated low-luminosity AGN with Eddington ratio ~0.03-0.04.
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SAGUI: SED-based Segmentation of Multi-band Galaxy Images -- Application to JADES in GOODS-South
SAGUI is a modular pipeline that segments multi-band galaxy images using starlet decomposition, spectral-similarity partitioning, and copula-based recovery of low-surface-brightness features, demonstrated on eleven JADES galaxies.
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Stellar Population Characterisations in nearby, dusty Early-Type Galaxies
Most dusty early-type galaxies exhibit recent star formation components in their stellar populations, as revealed by spectral fitting of 15 nearby examples with a non-dusty control comparison.
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Post-starburst Galaxies with Active Galactic Nucleus: Properties and Evolutionary Sequences
MaNGA-based comparison shows AGN-PSBs likely evolve from RPSBs with lower merger fractions than high-mass CPSBs, indicating AGN feedback is not necessary for post-starburst formation.
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Jet-ISM Interaction and Multi-channel AGN Feedback in the Post-merger Galaxy 4C+29.30
Multi-wavelength observations of 4C+29.30 show a misaligned biconical ionized outflow and localized jet-ISM interactions, providing evidence for simultaneous radiative and mechanical AGN feedback.
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Investigating the Spectral Properties of Dual Nuclei in Galaxy Mergers from the GOTHIC survey: Supermassive Black Hole Growth, metal enrichment and Dual AGN
Spectroscopic analysis of dual nuclei shows SMBH masses higher in galaxy mergers than single nuclei at fixed stellar mass.
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Hector Galaxy Survey: Optical IFU and Chandra Reveal a Low-Luminosity AGN Behind Extended LINER Emission
Hector IFS and Chandra data indicate a low-luminosity AGN contributes to extended LINER emission in galaxy C901005481609968 despite weak traditional AGN indicators.
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From Large Telescopes to the MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST)
MUST is a new 6.5 m telescope designed to deliver simultaneous optical spectra for over 20,000 targets across a 5 deg² field, enabling the largest 3D spectroscopic map of the Universe with redshifts for more than 100 million objects over an 8-year survey.
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Galactic Rain: Cool Gas Inflows in Red Geyser Galaxies and Their Connection to AGN Activity and Interactions
Cool gas inflows occur in ~70% of red geyser galaxies at median 47 km/s, with reservoirs 7 times larger in radio-detected systems and 2.7 times larger in interacting ones, linking galaxy environment to AGN fueling and quiescence regulation.
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Evidence of a fast bar in the weakly-interacting galaxy NGC 4264 with MUSE
NGC 4264 hosts a fast bar with rotation rate R_cor/a_bar = 0.88 measured via the Tremaine-Weinberg method on MUSE data, indicating internal formation despite ongoing weak interaction.
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HI Simulations for Cosmology with the SKA Observatory
Overview of HI modeling methods finds consistency in cosmic HI density but systematic differences in HI-halo mass relation shape and redshift evolution.