Asteroseismic masses average 1.29 Msun for Ba dwarfs versus 1.96 Msun for Ba giants, supporting main-sequence accretion evolution from dwarfs to giants, though models fail to match the observed [hs/ls] ratio.
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A 6D kinematic census identifies 18 anomalous Cepheids with extreme orbits, including one possibly scattered by globular cluster E3, and finds consistency between dynamical and stellar ages.
2D hydro simulations of a red giant star find that low-frequency mixed modes below 50 microhertz carry the largest kinetic energies, unlike empirical predictions peaking near nu_max, with surface velocities matching in the less-truncated run.
Homogeneous reanalysis of 145 single-star RM systems reveals mass-dependent e-λ trends: sub-Saturns eccentric and misaligned, Jupiters misaligned only when circular, and super-Jupiters aligned at all eccentricities.
First reported seismic detection of an internal magnetic field reaching approximately 4 kG in the radiative envelope of the gamma Doradus star KIC 2309579 using the variable delta Ka sensitive to Kelvin gravito-inertial modes.
A W-Net deep learning model detects asteroids in TESS data independently of trajectory by rotating training image cubes and using adaptive normalization for data scaling.
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
Neural network corrects residual errors in isotopologue energy extrapolations for CO2 (MAE reduction in >87% of levels vs Marvel) and transfers patterns to improve CO predictions in >93% of samples.
Overlapping multi-instrument galaxy images plus dual encoders and flow-matching counterfactual generation yield physics latents unconfounded by sensor artifacts.
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
Experimental serial coupling of 1DDLC coronagraph and PFN achieves 3.5e-5 contrast at 6% wavelength offset, 20x better than coronagraph alone.
A JEPA-based model with domain-informed multi-view self-distillation learns light-curve representations that outperform hand-crafted features on 15 of 16 StarEmbed metrics and adapts competitively to other irregular time-series datasets.
Most high-priority Habitable Worlds Observatory targets have measured stellar activity and rotation, but long-term magnetic activity cycles are known for fewer than 20% of them.
New G-band relation [Fe/H] = -6.93 - 6.04P + 1.65 φ31 calibrated on 72 RR Lyrae stars with spectroscopic anchors, yielding 0.00 dex bias and 0.26 dex RMS scatter.
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.
StarCLR pretrains on TESS light curves via contrastive learning on overlapping subsequences and improves variable star classification F1 scores over scratch-trained models when fine-tuned on TESS, ZTF, and Gaia.
Reassessment of 12 TTV claims finds only two systems with compelling unique solutions for the perturbing planet, six with multiple viable solutions, and two with weak evidence overall.
UMI is an asymmetric version of the Tukey bisquare estimator with upper-RMS scaling that improves transit signal recovery while running much faster on GPUs.
N-body simulations find stellar mass-loss effects dominate gravitational scattering in altering giant planet orbits around white dwarfs formed in star clusters, independent of density and initial conditions.
Two extremely low-density Jupiter-sized planets on long-period orbits around TOI-791 were confirmed via ground-based photometry and TTV-derived masses.
Synthetic spectra show that observational biases cause dipole mode visibilities to be overestimated by up to 20 percent on the red-giant branch, while partial energy preservation under magnetic damping can produce both present and absent mixed-mode signatures.
Interior structure models show 28 of 34 cold super-puffs are consistent with core accretion while six require non-standard explanations such as impacts or exo-rings.
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
GEODES characterizes three accelerating nearby stars, finding a stellar companion, a 45-Jupiter-mass brown dwarf at about 18 AU, and a 9.5-Jupiter-mass companion that is more likely a planet than a brown dwarf.
citing papers explorer
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Unveiling the nature of barium stars. I. Asteroseismic masses and the evolutionary link between Ba dwarfs and giants
Asteroseismic masses average 1.29 Msun for Ba dwarfs versus 1.96 Msun for Ba giants, supporting main-sequence accretion evolution from dwarfs to giants, though models fail to match the observed [hs/ls] ratio.
-
Rogue Ones: Orbital census of Galactic Cepheids and their Anomalies
A 6D kinematic census identifies 18 anomalous Cepheids with extreme orbits, including one possibly scattered by globular cluster E3, and finds consistency between dynamical and stellar ages.
-
Revealing mixed modes in compressible hydrodynamical simulations of red giant stars
2D hydro simulations of a red giant star find that low-frequency mixed modes below 50 microhertz carry the largest kinetic energies, unlike empirical predictions peaking near nu_max, with surface velocities matching in the less-truncated run.
-
A Homogeneous Catalog of Rossiter-McLaughlin Systems: Distinct $e$-$\lambda$ Trends in Three Gas-Giant Mass Regimes
Homogeneous reanalysis of 145 single-star RM systems reveals mass-dependent e-λ trends: sub-Saturns eccentric and misaligned, Jupiters misaligned only when circular, and super-Jupiters aligned at all eccentricities.
-
Seismic signature of a magnetic field in the $\gamma$ Doradus star KIC 2309579
First reported seismic detection of an internal magnetic field reaching approximately 4 kG in the radiative envelope of the gamma Doradus star KIC 2309579 using the variable delta Ka sensitive to Kelvin gravito-inertial modes.
-
Trajectory-Agnostic Asteroid Detection in TESS with Deep Learning
A W-Net deep learning model detects asteroids in TESS data independently of trajectory by rotating training image cubes and using adaptive normalization for data scaling.
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Archival Multiband Gravitational-Wave Signals from Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
-
Machine learning isotope shifts in molecular energy levels
Neural network corrects residual errors in isotopologue energy extrapolations for CO2 (MAE reduction in >87% of levels vs Marvel) and transfers patterns to improve CO predictions in >93% of samples.
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Learning What's Real: Disentangling Signal and Measurement Artifacts in Multi-Sensor Data, with Applications to Astrophysics
Overlapping multi-instrument galaxy images plus dual encoders and flow-matching counterfactual generation yield physics latents unconfounded by sensor artifacts.
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Probing the origins. III. Exoplanet demographics across Galactic birth radii
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
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Combining a Diffraction-Limited Coronagraph with Fiber Nulling: A Demonstration of Serially Coupling Different Nullers
Experimental serial coupling of 1DDLC coronagraph and PFN achieves 3.5e-5 contrast at 6% wavelength offset, 20x better than coronagraph alone.
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Domain-Informed Multi-View Self-Distillation for Astronomical Light-Curve Representation Learning with JEPA
A JEPA-based model with domain-informed multi-view self-distillation learns light-curve representations that outperform hand-crafted features on 15 of 16 StarEmbed metrics and adapts competitively to other irregular time-series datasets.
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HWO Target Stars and Systems: Activity and Rotation Catalog (ARC) of Potential Target Stars for the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Most high-priority Habitable Worlds Observatory targets have measured stellar activity and rotation, but long-term magnetic activity cycles are known for fewer than 20% of them.
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Photometric metallicity of Galactic RR Lyrae stars in the Gaia DR3 era
New G-band relation [Fe/H] = -6.93 - 6.04P + 1.65 φ31 calibrated on 72 RR Lyrae stars with spectroscopic anchors, yielding 0.00 dex bias and 0.26 dex RMS scatter.
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A single power law for the TRAPPIST-1 flare distribution across four orders of magnitude in energy
TRAPPIST-1 flares follow a single power law N(≥E_TESS) ∝ E_TESS^{-0.753} from 10^{29} to 10^{33} erg after sensitivity corrections and bandpass conversion.
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StarCLR: Contrastive Learning Representation for Astronomical Light Curves
StarCLR pretrains on TESS light curves via contrastive learning on overlapping subsequences and improves variable star classification F1 scores over scratch-trained models when fine-tuned on TESS, ZTF, and Gaia.
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TTV-Not-So-Fast: Uniqueness and Degeneracy in Perturbing Planet Parameters
Reassessment of 12 TTV claims finds only two systems with compelling unique solutions for the perturbing planet, six with multiple viable solutions, and two with weak evidence overall.
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UMI: GPU-Accelerated Asymmetric Robust Estimator for Photometric Detrending in Exoplanet Transit Searches
UMI is an asymmetric version of the Tukey bisquare estimator with upper-RMS scaling that improves transit signal recovery while running much faster on GPUs.
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White dwarf planets in star clusters: gravitational scattering versus mass-loss effects
N-body simulations find stellar mass-loss effects dominate gravitational scattering in altering giant planet orbits around white dwarfs formed in star clusters, independent of density and initial conditions.
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ASTEP confirmation of a pair of long-period Jupiter-sized planets with extremely low densities transiting TOI-791
Two extremely low-density Jupiter-sized planets on long-period orbits around TOI-791 were confirmed via ground-based photometry and TTV-derived masses.
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Oscillations of red giant stars with magnetic damping in the core. II. Mixed mode visibilities on the red-giant branch
Synthetic spectra show that observational biases cause dipole mode visibilities to be overestimated by up to 20 percent on the red-giant branch, while partial energy preservation under magnetic damping can produce both present and absent mixed-mode signatures.
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Do Super-Puffs Defy Core Accretion? Population-Wide Interior Structure Constraints
Interior structure models show 28 of 34 cold super-puffs are consistent with core accretion while six require non-standard explanations such as impacts or exo-rings.
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The Architecture of the 14 Herculis System Suggests Primordial Ejection of a Massive Planet
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
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Gaia Exoplanet Orbits, Demographics, and Evolution Survey (GEODES): Characteristics of Three Long-Period Companions Accelerating their Host Stars
GEODES characterizes three accelerating nearby stars, finding a stellar companion, a 45-Jupiter-mass brown dwarf at about 18 AU, and a 9.5-Jupiter-mass companion that is more likely a planet than a brown dwarf.
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TIC 295741342: A Triply-Eclipsing Triple Star System with a Giant Tertiary
Discovery and spectro-photodynamical characterization of TIC 295741342, a coplanar triply-eclipsing triple with a giant tertiary showing two degenerate evolutionary states and predicted Roche lobe overflow.
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An Ultra-Short Period Super-Earth and a Sub-Neptune Orbiting the K dwarf TOI-4311
TOI-4311 hosts a 0.99-day super-Earth (1.38 R_earth, 4.5 M_earth) and 15-day sub-Neptune (2.47 R_earth), plus a candidate 38-day planet, with the dense inner planet potentially challenging formation theories given the host's galactic population.
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GSC 08227-00723: An Unusually Large PSH Excess AH Pic Candidate
GSC 08227-00723 is classified as a new AH Pic-type nova-like variable with recurrent stunted outbursts and an exceptionally large positive superhump excess of approximately 0.19.
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Oort Cloud Ecology -- IV. Exchanging Asteroids
N-body simulations show sub-virial fractal star clusters produce more captured asteroids and rogue objects than virialised Plummer clusters, while neither efficiently forms an Oort Cloud.
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ASTRAFier: A Novel and Scalable Transformer-based Stellar Variability Classifier
ASTRAFier is a Transformer-BiLSTM-CNN model that classifies stellar variability from light curves, reporting 94.26% accuracy on Kepler data and 88.22% on TESS, then applied to 2.8 million TESS curves to release a catalog.
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The TESS All-Sky Rotation Survey: Periods for 1,046,317 Stars Within 500 pc
The TESS All-Sky Rotation Survey provides periods for 1,046,317 stars within 500 pc, with an estimated 93% being true rotation periods, and includes a method to correct half-period aliases.
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The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision
Revised solar photospheric abundances yield Z/X = 0.0187 with C, N, O at 8.46, 7.83, 8.69, preserving the solar modeling discrepancy and revealing a modest volatile-refractory offset from CI chondrites.
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Formation and evolution pathways of planets. I. Comparison between theory and observations
Photoevaporative and collisional mass losses diversify exoplanet parameter space in ways consistent with standard core accretion, enabling an expanded eight-class classification scheme.
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Classification of Eclipsing Binary Light Curves in Gaia DR3: A Machine Learning Approach
Multimodal CNN-MLP model classifies Gaia DR3 eclipsing binaries into EA/EB/EW with >95% accuracy on synthetic data, yielding 40/30/30% distribution.
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Planet or brown dwarf? Constraints on the formation of H-type objects in IC348
H-type objects in IC348 show spatial distributions matching stars and brown dwarfs, unlike the more dispersed distribution of simulated ejected planets, indicating a star-like formation origin.
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Peas and USPs: Can Stellar Spindown and Peas in a Pod Replicate Ultra-Short-Period Planet Characteristics?
Stellar spindown cannot trigger secular resonance crossings in regular peas-in-a-pod systems, requiring inner-planet migration instead, and resonance crossing times vary across stellar evolution tracks.
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Predictive Rankings of the Probability for Temperate Terrestrial Worlds for the HWO ExEP Mission Star List
Simulations using occurrence rates rank HWO ExEP stars by probability of hosting a temperate terrestrial planet or moon, reaching up to 50% for some systems.
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AstroSkyFlow: an astronomical sky image flow simulator for time domain survey validation and machine learning
AstroSkyFlow generates simulated time-series astronomical images with realistic noise and variability, outperforming SkyMaker in noise and PSF reproduction while recovering injected signals such as exoplanet transits and asteroid trails.
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TOI-7154b: A Close-in Massive Brown Dwarf in an Eccentric Orbit
TOI-7154b is a 71.7 M_J brown dwarf in an 8.86-day eccentric orbit around a G star, with eccentricity and age suggesting stellar-like fragmentation origins.
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Diversity in Evolutionary Status and Magnetic Activity among Solar-Type Twin Detached Eclipsing Binaries
Observational analysis of four nearly equal-mass detached eclipsing binaries shows diversity in evolutionary stage and magnetic activity, with new absolute parameters reported for each system.
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A preliminary exploration of the effects of baseline length for the LIFE space mission
Simulations show LIFE could use 25-80 m baselines or discrete values with under 10% loss in planet yield and fringe tracking.
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Contribution of interstellar objects to local dark matter density
Interstellar objects may contribute enough baryonic mass to reduce the local dark matter halo density to 0.24 GeV/cm³.
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The Phenomenological Classification of TESS Eclipsing Binaries
A neural network classifies 20,196 TESS eclipsing binaries into 13,376 EA, 2,114 EB, and 4,706 EW systems after achieving 99% accuracy on held-out test data.
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Rapid and Predictive Planet Population Synthesis Model (RAPPS) I. Upgraded model and resulting synthetic populations
An upgraded planet population synthesis model incorporates post-disc dynamical evolution and atmospheric enrichment to generate synthetic exoplanet populations with improved fidelity to N-body results and observations.
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POSEIDON I: The Dynamical Origins of Transiting Neptunes
New obliquity measurements for two Neptunes update the sample distribution to favor aligned systems plus a random component, resembling that of more massive planets and implying shared dynamical origins.
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Influence of magnetic activity on the determination of stellar parameters through asteroseismology
Magnetic activity induces frequency shifts that bias asteroseismic age estimates by up to 10% and helium abundance by up to 3% in solar-like stars.
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Revision of the Detached Eclipsing System IR Cas from TESS Observations, Ground-Based Photometry and Spectroscopy
Updated masses, spot model, and third-body candidate for the detached eclipsing binary IR Cas from combined TESS, ground photometry, and spectroscopy.
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Indigenizing the Drake Equation: how Indigenous methods can help us understand life in the Milky Way Galaxy
Applying Indigenous methods to the Drake Equation produces a dramatically different understanding of life in the Milky Way than conventional scientific approaches.
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Orbit Refinement of WASP-18 b and Evidence Against the Existence of WASP-18 c
Refined ephemeris for WASP-18 b with no support found for proposed companion WASP-18 c from combined transit timing and RV analysis.
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Progress in global helioseismology: a new light on the solar modelling problem and its implications for solar-like stars
Review of helioseismic inversions shows the solar modelling problem remains unsolved with broad implications for stellar seismology and fields relying on precise stellar parameters.
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Predictions of Transiting Exoplanet Confirmations from Rubin LSST Surveys
Simulations predict very limited transiting exoplanet confirmations from LSST due to observing cadence constraints, with only a few possible in DDF for hot planets on M dwarfs.