Introduces echo signatures from vector long-lived particles in nucleon decay, showing high geometric acceptance up to 80% in Super-K, Hyper-K and JUNO for a range of decay lengths.
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Hyper-Kamiokande Design Report
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abstract
On the strength of a double Nobel prize winning experiment (Super)Kamiokande and an extremely successful long baseline neutrino programme, the third generation Water Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande, is being developed by an international collaboration as a leading worldwide experiment based in Japan. The Hyper-Kamiokande detector will be hosted in the Tochibora mine, about 295 km away from the J-PARC proton accelerator research complex in Tokai, Japan. The currently existing accelerator will be steadily upgraded to reach a MW beam by the start of the experiment. A suite of near detectors will be vital to constrain the beam for neutrino oscillation measurements. A new cavern will be excavated at the Tochibora mine to host the detector. The experiment will be the largest underground water Cherenkov detector in the world and will be instrumented with new technology photosensors, faster and with higher quantum efficiency than the ones in Super-Kamiokande. The science that will be developed will be able to shape the future theoretical framework and generations of experiments. Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to measure with the highest precision the leptonic CP violation that could explain the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. The experiment also has a demonstrated excellent capability to search for proton decay, providing a significant improvement in discovery sensitivity over current searches for the proton lifetime. The atmospheric neutrinos will allow to determine the neutrino mass ordering and, together with the beam, able to precisely test the three-flavour neutrino oscillation paradigm and search for new phenomena. A strong astrophysical programme will be carried out at the experiment that will detect supernova neutrinos and will measure precisely solar neutrino oscillation.
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hep-ph 15 astro-ph.HE 5 hep-ex 5 physics.ins-det 3 hep-lat 2 astro-ph.IM 1 gr-qc 1 hep-th 1 nucl-ex 1 nucl-th 1roles
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A new up-down flux ratio for sub-GeV atmospheric neutrinos enables Hyper-Kamiokande to measure the CP-violating phase with sensitivity surpassing T2HK near delta_CP of 90 and 270 degrees.
Lattice QCD computation of hadronic tensor yields consistent nucleon Sachs electric form factor and extracts transition form factors to the Roper resonance region for inclusive cross sections.
Cosmic ray protons scattering off dark matter produce the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess through inelastic up-scattering followed by decay or direct elastic 2-to-3 photon production.
Majorana neutrinos convert to antineutrinos in ultralight vector dark matter backgrounds coupled to lepton number, enabling supernova neutrino detectors to probe gauge couplings as small as 10^{-32} for masses around 10^{-22} to 10^{-14} eV.
Heterotic string theory implies the QCD axion mass is bounded below by 0.5 neV and typically falls in [0.5, 0.8] neV across most compactifications.
Super-Kamiokande's SNWATCH system now delivers supernova direction alerts in about 90 seconds via a new fast HEALPix fitter and an upgraded maximum-likelihood fitter that incorporates gadolinium data.
In magnetorotational stellar collapses, neutrinos undergo resonant flavor conversion in matter plus magnetic-moment-driven chirality flipping for Majorana neutrinos, producing orientation-dependent event rates at detectors that peak 400-600 ms after bounce.
Reports flux-integrated single- and double-differential cross sections for νμ CC0π interactions on argon and compares them to neutrino event generators, finding good agreement in single-differential but only partial agreement in double-differential distributions.
A framework unifies dark matter stability and proton decay via residual Z4 symmetry from U(1)B+L breaking, with one-loop proton decay mediated by TeV-scale dark sector particles whose masses correlate with proton lifetime.
A pilot 3D-projection detector with opaque water-based liquid scintillator achieves light scattering length below 2 cm and single-channel timing resolution of 0.17-0.28 ns in 50-500 MeV proton beam tests.
Proposal for EIC measurements to isolate axial two-body currents via subtraction of electromagnetic and charged-current scattering on polarized light nuclei.
SPIROS is a dedicated open-source optical simulator for particle detectors that matches GEANT4 accuracy in photon processes while running more than twice as fast for typical configurations.
Atmospheric neutrino flux is recalculated using accelerator-data-driven hadron tuning, producing 5-10% lower values with improved 7-9% uncertainty below 1 GeV.
GiBUU simulations show proton decay detection efficiency in water Cherenkov detectors matches previous estimates, while Fermi momentum choice significantly affects atmospheric neutrino background rates and is the leading systematic.
Radiative corrections applied to MINERvA antineutrino data yield updated values for the nucleon axial-vector form factor G_A and axial radius.
Supervised ML classification of neutrino events by interaction channel prior to energy reconstruction improves accuracy and sensitivity by 10-20% in simulated DUNE analyses while remaining robust to generator mismodeling.
Realistic variations in final-state interaction modeling can distort reconstructed neutrino energy spectra in DUNE-like experiments by amounts comparable to or exceeding those from changes in Δm²₃₂ or δ_CP, creating a potential degeneracy.
Lattice QCD yields the singlet axial form factor G_A^{u+d+s}(Q^2) and strange G_A^s(Q^2) with full error budget after chiral, continuum, and infinite-volume extrapolations.
Current constraints on μ-τ SMEFT four-lepton operators exclude heavy-mediator UV completions of strong neutrino self-interactions in the dimension-six SMEFT without tuned cancellations, while leaving light-mediator scenarios open.
Non-holomorphic modular symmetry in a Type-I seesaw model fits normal hierarchy neutrino data with chi2 min 7.06 but rules out inverted hierarchy.
ResNet models classify four particle types and regress vertex, direction, and momentum in Hyper-Kamiokande with resolutions matching likelihood methods but at 30,000-50,000x faster inference on GPU.
SO(10) scalar threshold corrections generate the Higgs quartic enhancement factor k≈6 required by radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, placing the Landau pole at 1.5-2×10^16 GeV near the GUT scale.
Multiple vector-like fermions in SU(5) GUT raise the unification scale to about 10^15.5 GeV, suppress proton decay operators via multiplet admixtures, and relax rigid Yukawa relations to better match observed fermion masses.
citing papers explorer
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Echoes of Nucleon Decay from Long-Lived Particles
Introduces echo signatures from vector long-lived particles in nucleon decay, showing high geometric acceptance up to 80% in Super-K, Hyper-K and JUNO for a range of decay lengths.
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Towards Measuring the CP-Violating Phase with Atmospheric Neutrinos
A new up-down flux ratio for sub-GeV atmospheric neutrinos enables Hyper-Kamiokande to measure the CP-violating phase with sensitivity surpassing T2HK near delta_CP of 90 and 270 degrees.
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Elastic and resonance structures of the nucleon from hadronic tensor in lattice QCD: implications for neutrino-nucleon scattering and hadron physics
Lattice QCD computation of hadronic tensor yields consistent nucleon Sachs electric form factor and extracts transition form factors to the Roper resonance region for inclusive cross sections.
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Producing the GeV Galactic Center Excess via Cosmic Ray-Dark Matter Scattering
Cosmic ray protons scattering off dark matter produce the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess through inelastic up-scattering followed by decay or direct elastic 2-to-3 photon production.
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Neutrino-Antineutrino Conversion from Ultralight Vector Dark Matter
Majorana neutrinos convert to antineutrinos in ultralight vector dark matter backgrounds coupled to lepton number, enabling supernova neutrino detectors to probe gauge couplings as small as 10^{-32} for masses around 10^{-22} to 10^{-14} eV.
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Heterotic String Theory Suggests a QCD Axion Near 0.5 neV
Heterotic string theory implies the QCD axion mass is bounded below by 0.5 neV and typically falls in [0.5, 0.8] neV across most compactifications.
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Development of Faster and More Accurate Supernova Localization at Super-Kamiokande
Super-Kamiokande's SNWATCH system now delivers supernova direction alerts in about 90 seconds via a new fast HEALPix fitter and an upgraded maximum-likelihood fitter that incorporates gadolinium data.
-
Matter- and magnetically-driven flavor conversion of neutrinos in magnetorotational collapses
In magnetorotational stellar collapses, neutrinos undergo resonant flavor conversion in matter plus magnetic-moment-driven chirality flipping for Majorana neutrinos, producing orientation-dependent event rates at detectors that peak 400-600 ms after bounce.
-
Measurement of charged-current muon neutrino-argon interactions without pions in the final state using the MicroBooNE detector
Reports flux-integrated single- and double-differential cross sections for νμ CC0π interactions on argon and compares them to neutrino event generators, finding good agreement in single-differential but only partial agreement in double-differential distributions.
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Dark Matter Induced Proton Decays
A framework unifies dark matter stability and proton decay via residual Z4 symmetry from U(1)B+L breaking, with one-loop proton decay mediated by TeV-scale dark sector particles whose masses correlate with proton lifetime.
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Construction, commissioning, and beam test of a pilot 3D-projection opaque water-based liquid scintillator detector
A pilot 3D-projection detector with opaque water-based liquid scintillator achieves light scattering length below 2 cm and single-channel timing resolution of 0.17-0.28 ns in 50-500 MeV proton beam tests.
-
Isospin Decomposition of Vector and Axial Two-Body Currents via Polarized Electron--Deuteron and Electron--$^3$He Scattering at the Electron-Ion Collider
Proposal for EIC measurements to isolate axial two-body currents via subtraction of electromagnetic and charged-current scattering on polarized light nuclei.
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SPIROS: Streamlined, Precise, Intuitive, and Rapid Optical Simulator for particle physics detectors
SPIROS is a dedicated open-source optical simulator for particle detectors that matches GEANT4 accuracy in photon processes while running more than twice as fast for typical configurations.
-
Low-energy atmospheric neutrino flux calculation with accelerator-data-driven tuning
Atmospheric neutrino flux is recalculated using accelerator-data-driven hadron tuning, producing 5-10% lower values with improved 7-9% uncertainty below 1 GeV.
-
Understanding the impact of nuclear effects on proton decay searches with the GiBUU model
GiBUU simulations show proton decay detection efficiency in water Cherenkov detectors matches previous estimates, while Fermi momentum choice significantly affects atmospheric neutrino background rates and is the leading systematic.
-
Nucleon axial-vector form factor and radius from radiatively-corrected antineutrino scattering data
Radiative corrections applied to MINERvA antineutrino data yield updated values for the nucleon axial-vector form factor G_A and axial radius.
-
Improving Neutrino Oscillation Measurements through Event Classification
Supervised ML classification of neutrino events by interaction channel prior to energy reconstruction improves accuracy and sensitivity by 10-20% in simulated DUNE analyses while remaining robust to generator mismodeling.
-
The role of final-state interaction modeling in neutrino energy reconstruction and oscillation measurements
Realistic variations in final-state interaction modeling can distort reconstructed neutrino energy spectra in DUNE-like experiments by amounts comparable to or exceeding those from changes in Δm²₃₂ or δ_CP, creating a potential degeneracy.
-
The strange and flavor-singlet axial form factors of the nucleon from lattice QCD
Lattice QCD yields the singlet axial form factor G_A^{u+d+s}(Q^2) and strange G_A^s(Q^2) with full error budget after chiral, continuum, and infinite-volume extrapolations.
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Theoretical and Experimental Constraints in the $\mu$--$\tau$ Four-Lepton Sector of the SMEFT: implications to neutrino self interactions
Current constraints on μ-τ SMEFT four-lepton operators exclude heavy-mediator UV completions of strong neutrino self-interactions in the dimension-six SMEFT without tuned cancellations, while leaving light-mediator scenarios open.
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A Type-I Seesaw Framework with Non-Holomorphic Modular Symmetry
Non-holomorphic modular symmetry in a Type-I seesaw model fits normal hierarchy neutrino data with chi2 min 7.06 but rules out inverted hierarchy.
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Enhancing Event Reconstruction in Hyper-Kamiokande with Machine Learning: A ResNet Implementation
ResNet models classify four particle types and regress vertex, direction, and momentum in Hyper-Kamiokande with resolutions matching likelihood methods but at 30,000-50,000x faster inference on GPU.
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Grand Unified Origin of Enhanced Scalar Couplings: Connecting Radiative Electroweak Symmetry Breaking to SO(10) Dynamics
SO(10) scalar threshold corrections generate the Higgs quartic enhancement factor k≈6 required by radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, placing the Landau pole at 1.5-2×10^16 GeV near the GUT scale.
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Fermion Multiplicities at the GUT Scale: A Statistical Study of Unification and Proton Decay
Multiple vector-like fermions in SU(5) GUT raise the unification scale to about 10^15.5 GeV, suppress proton decay operators via multiplet admixtures, and relax rigid Yukawa relations to better match observed fermion masses.
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Emergent Neutrino Texture Geometry from Dark Matter and Lepton Flavor Violation in the Scotogenic Model
Numerical scans in the minimal scotogenic model indicate that approximate neutrino texture structures emerge dynamically from dark matter and lepton flavor violation consistency conditions.
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Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Theory and Empirical Models of Pionless Neutrino-Argon Scattering in GENIE
The study evaluates and contrasts sophisticated and empirical model components in GENIE for pionless neutrino-argon interactions using recent MicroBooNE measurements.
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Uncovering the Next Galactic Supernova with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Simulations indicate the Vera C. Rubin Observatory can optimally localize nearly all observable galactic supernova neutrino triggers and has a 57-97% chance of catching the optical supernova.
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Neutrino diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transition in Neutron Stars
Neutrino light curves from neutron stars may show an enhanced peak-to-plateau ratio, a density-tracing delay, and transient spectral hardening as diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transitions on 10-50 ms timescales.
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The Case for Space-Based Particle Colliders: Orbital Infrastructure as a Path to Grand Unification Energy Scales
Space-based circular colliders with radii of 10^3 to 10^5 km could reach PeV-EeV energies for grand unification by using orbital vacuum, cooling, and power infrastructure.
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Non-Monotonic Rotation Imprint on Time-Integrated Neutrino Spectral Moments in a 15\,$M_\odot$ Core-Collapse Supernova Sequence
In this specific model sequence, slow rotation shifts neutrino spectra weakly toward harder less-pinched states while fast rotation shifts them toward softer more-pinched states, placing the two cases in opposite quadrants of the spectral-shift plane.
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Outer Detector of Hyper-Kamiokande
Hyper-Kamiokande outer detector with chosen Hamamatsu PMTs achieves cosmic-ray muon reduction inefficiency of O(10^{-6}) from OD cuts and O(10^{-9}) when combined with fiducial volume cuts.
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Flavor as an Incomplete Structure: Conceptual Questions and the Role of DUNE
DUNE's long-baseline program combined with near-detector and PRISM strategies is argued to be well-suited for detecting correlated deviations from the minimal three-flavor neutrino framework.
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Charged-Current Neutrino-Induced Single-Pion Production in the Superscaling Approach and Relativistic Distorted-Wave Impulse Approximation
SuSAv2 and RDWIA models are compared to experimental data on charged-current neutrino-induced single-pion production on carbon targets across neutrino energies from hundreds of MeV to 20 GeV.
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Phenomenology of Vanishing Effective Majorana Mass with a Sterile Neutrino under Cosmological and JUNO Constraints
In a 3+1 model with eV-scale sterile neutrino, cosmological bounds on sum of neutrino masses restrict sterile mixing angle θ14 and lightest active neutrino mass for vanishing |M_ee|, while JUNO precision on θ12 adds little constraint due to extra CP phase cancellations.
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Fundamental Physics in 2025: Status, Decisive Targets, and Path Forward
The review summarizes the baseline SM+GR+Lambda-CDM framework, lists major anomalies and missing pieces, surveys theoretical and experimental approaches, and outlines a staged roadmap organized by decision points.
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Future Neutrino Facilities
The report describes the design and goals of DUNE, Hyper-Kamiokande, and PINGU for advancing neutrino flavor physics measurements.