Numerical simulations across 10 cosmologies reveal stronger perpendicular void-surface halo alignments in models with more dynamic dark energy, quantified by fitted parameter d_t that follows a bilinear relation with w and wa.
hub
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy color bimodality
60 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 1,386 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
60
Pith papers citing it
1,386
external citations · Pith
abstract
We introduce the first two simulations of the IllustrisTNG project, a next generation of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations, focusing on the optical colors of galaxies. We explore TNG100, a rerun of the original Illustris box, and TNG300, which includes 2x2500^3 resolution elements in a volume twenty times larger. Here we present first results on the galaxy color bimodality at low redshift. Accounting for the attenuation of stellar light by dust, we compare the simulated (g-r) colors of 10^9 < M*/Msun < 10^12.5 galaxies to the observed distribution from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find a striking improvement with respect to the original Illustris simulation, as well as excellent quantitative agreement in comparison to the observations, with a sharp transition in median color from blue to red at a characteristic M* ~ 10^10.5 Msun. Investigating the build-up of the color-mass plane and the formation of the red sequence, we demonstrate that the primary driver of galaxy color transition in the TNG model is supermassive blackhole feedback in its low-accretion state. Across the entire population we measure a median color transition timescale dt_green of ~1.6 Gyr, a value which drops for increasingly massive galaxies. We find signatures of the physical process of quenching: at fixed stellar mass, redder galaxies have lower SFRs, gas fractions, and gas metallicities; their stellar populations are also older and their large-scale interstellar magnetic fields weaker than in bluer galaxies. Finally, we measure the amount of stellar mass growth on the red sequence. Galaxies with M* > 10^11 Msun which redden at z<1 accumulate on average ~25% of their final z=0 mass post-reddening; at the same time, ~18% of such massive galaxies acquire half or more of their final stellar mass while on the red sequence.
hub tools
citation-role summary
method 1
citation-polarity summary
roles
method 1polarities
use method 1representative citing papers
Forward modeling of 90 localized FRBs from DSA and ASKAP yields n_z = 1.62^{+1.48}_{-1.57} for DM_host(z) ∝ (1+z)^{n_z}, excluding n_z=0 at 1σ.
Anisotropic quenching is detected at the highest redshift yet and linked to preprocessing dominating over intrahalo effects by ~20% along the major axis in a delay-then-rapid quenching model informed by cluster accretion histories.
Four parameters suffice to describe dust attenuation curve diversity in TNG simulations, yielding a new symbolic-regression model that recovers curves and fluxes better than existing parameterizations while linking parameters to SFR surface density, metallicity, and geometry.
Low-redshift IGM measured to be extremely hot (T0 ≈ 28,000 K) and nearly isothermal at z=0.1, with Gamma_HI lower than UV-background models, possibly due to 15 km/s turbulence.
Calypso is a parameter-conditioned stochastic surrogate model for circumbinary accretion flows using PCA and multivariate Gaussian modeling, released as open-source software with a closed-form likelihood for parameter inference from time series.
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
In the IllustrisTNG model, CGM gas around z=1 galaxies mixes quickly and separates into cold inner and warm-hot outer phases within 500 Myr due to feedback, with kinematic decorrelation over 400 Myr and ion-specific phases lasting different durations.
Filament dark matter density profiles become nearly universal when scaled by terminal halo virial radii, with the inner cusp produced by embedded halos and the smooth component showing a flat core that evolves from smooth to clumpy accretion.
Hydrodynamical simulations in f(R) gravity using Illustris-TNG find observable 20% effects on high-z HI and stellar power spectra exceeding SKA errors, plus changes in disc galaxy formation.
Central black holes in ASTRID and TNG300 follow a tight, redshift-invariant M_BH–M_⋆ relation from z=2 to 0.5; departures mark merger-driven high-mass quenchers, tidally stripped overmassive satellites, and undermassive wanderers.
IllustrisTNG yields γ=2.23±0.20 for luminosity density evolution that explains the Tolman and distance-duality test signals in standard cosmology.
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
PRFM-vol is a new subgrid star formation model for cosmological simulations that computes SFR from ambient densities via PRFM theory and a modified effective EOS, producing taller stellar scale heights, slightly higher stellar mass, and morphology changes including Toomre-driven clumps compared to p
A six-parameter function of peak height ν, power spectrum slope n_eff, and growth rate α_eff accurately describes median halo mass accretion rates from simulations in ΛCDM and Einstein-de Sitter cosmologies at z=0-14.
Simulation-based inference on the color distribution of z~2 massive galaxies yields a quenched fraction of 0.24 and a quenching timescale distribution with mode 97 Myr and median 182 Myr.
TNG50 MW analogues reproduce global soft X-ray luminosity, inner surface brightness, emission measure and O VII absorption but show too-steep radial decline in X-ray brightness and 65% lower O VIII absorption than observed, indicating overly central feedback.
SHAMe-SF modeling of small-scale DESI ELG clustering delivers 6% precision on σ8 and Ωm h², matching full DR1 results with 1% volume.
Machine learning on cosmological simulations achieves 91-94% accuracy classifying over-massive versus under-massive SMBH growth regimes from LSST photometry, with 83-89% cross-simulation transfer accuracy driven primarily by host galaxy colors.
Milky Way-mass dark matter density profiles in IllustrisTNG are largely insensitive to astrophysics and cosmology variations, dominated by halo-to-halo variance instead.
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
Optically selected superthin galaxies remain superthin in NIR with unchanged axis ratios, showing no prominent thick disk from old stars, and prefer lower-density environments consistent with high-halo-spin formation.
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
New hydrodynamical simulations show that dwarf galaxy stellar mass-halo mass relations and star formation histories are more influenced by host halo concentration than by the 5 cMpc scale environment.
citing papers explorer
-
The effect of dark energy on the void-halo perpendicular alignments
Numerical simulations across 10 cosmologies reveal stronger perpendicular void-surface halo alignments in models with more dynamic dark energy, quantified by fitted parameter d_t that follows a bilinear relation with w and wa.
-
Fast Radio Bursts probe Galaxy Evolution: Evidence and implications of a redshift-dependent FRB host DM
Forward modeling of 90 localized FRBs from DSA and ASKAP yields n_z = 1.62^{+1.48}_{-1.57} for DM_host(z) ∝ (1+z)^{n_z}, excluding n_z=0 at 1σ.
-
Anisotropic quenching beyond $z=1$ and its implications for preprocessing around high-redshift galaxy clusters
Anisotropic quenching is detected at the highest redshift yet and linked to preprocessing dominating over intrahalo effects by ~20% along the major axis in a delay-then-rapid quenching model informed by cluster accretion histories.
-
Learning the Universe: The Structure of Dust Attenuation Curves in Galaxy Simulations
Four parameters suffice to describe dust attenuation curve diversity in TNG simulations, yielding a new symbolic-regression model that recovers curves and fluxes better than existing parameterizations while linking parameters to SFR surface density, metallicity, and geometry.
-
A Measurement of the Thermal and Ionization State of the IGM at $z < 0.5$
Low-redshift IGM measured to be extremely hot (T0 ≈ 28,000 K) and nearly isothermal at z=0.1, with Gamma_HI lower than UV-background models, possibly due to 15 km/s turbulence.
-
\texttt{calypso}: a Parameter-Conditioned Stochastic Surrogate Model for Circumbinary Accretion Time-Series
Calypso is a parameter-conditioned stochastic surrogate model for circumbinary accretion flows using PCA and multivariate Gaussian modeling, released as open-source software with a closed-form likelihood for parameter inference from time series.
-
Origins of Extreme Emission-Line Ratios in z > 3 Galaxies: Insights from the Lumen Model
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
-
The Thermodynamic and Kinematic Evolution of Circumgalactic Gas around $z=1$ in the IllustrisTNG model
In the IllustrisTNG model, CGM gas around z=1 galaxies mixes quickly and separates into cold inner and warm-hot outer phases within 500 Myr due to feedback, with kinematic decorrelation over 400 Myr and ion-specific phases lasting different durations.
-
Universal Dark-matter Density Profiles of Cosmic Filaments
Filament dark matter density profiles become nearly universal when scaled by terminal halo virial radii, with the inner cusp produced by embedded halos and the smooth component showing a flat core that evolves from smooth to clumpy accretion.
-
Realistic simulations of galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravity
Hydrodynamical simulations in f(R) gravity using Illustris-TNG find observable 20% effects on high-z HI and stellar power spectra exceeding SKA errors, plus changes in disc galaxy formation.
-
Tracing black hole and galaxy growth across environments since cosmic noon
Central black holes in ASTRID and TNG300 follow a tight, redshift-invariant M_BH–M_⋆ relation from z=2 to 0.5; departures mark merger-driven high-mass quenchers, tidally stripped overmassive satellites, and undermassive wanderers.
-
Forward-modelling the Tolman and distance-duality tests with IllustrisTNG
IllustrisTNG yields γ=2.23±0.20 for luminosity density evolution that explains the Tolman and distance-duality test signals in standard cosmology.
-
A Consistent Comparison of Intracluster Light Assembly in Simulations I. Redshift Evolution and Progenitor Galaxies
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
-
Learning the Universe with PRFM-vol: Introducing a new subgrid model for star formation in cosmological simulations
PRFM-vol is a new subgrid star formation model for cosmological simulations that computes SFR from ambient densities via PRFM theory and a modified effective EOS, producing taller stellar scale heights, slightly higher stellar mass, and morphology changes including Toomre-driven clumps compared to p
-
A universal model for the accretion rates and formation times of dark matter halos
A six-parameter function of peak height ν, power spectrum slope n_eff, and growth rate α_eff accurately describes median halo mass accretion rates from simulations in ΛCDM and Einstein-de Sitter cosmologies at z=0-14.
-
The quenching time and timescale distribution of z~2 quiescent galaxies from precise colour distribution analysis
Simulation-based inference on the color distribution of z~2 massive galaxies yields a quenched fraction of 0.24 and a quenching timescale distribution with mode 97 Myr and median 182 Myr.
-
Probing the Hot Gaseous Halos of Milky Way-like Galaxies in the TNG50 simulation
TNG50 MW analogues reproduce global soft X-ray luminosity, inner surface brightness, emission measure and O VII absorption but show too-steep radial decline in X-ray brightness and 65% lower O VIII absorption than observed, indicating overly central feedback.
-
Cosmological constraints from the small scale clustering of Emission Line Galaxies
SHAMe-SF modeling of small-scale DESI ELG clustering delivers 6% precision on σ8 and Ωm h², matching full DR1 results with 1% volume.
-
Classifying Supermassive Black Hole Growth Regimes to Observables Across Cosmological Simulations with Forecasts for LSST
Machine learning on cosmological simulations achieves 91-94% accuracy classifying over-massive versus under-massive SMBH growth regimes from LSST photometry, with 83-89% cross-simulation transfer accuracy driven primarily by host galaxy colors.
-
The DREAMS Project: Disentangling the Impact of Halo-to-Halo Variance and Baryonic Feedback on Milky Way Dark Matter Density Profiles
Milky Way-mass dark matter density profiles in IllustrisTNG are largely insensitive to astrophysics and cosmology variations, dominated by halo-to-halo variance instead.
-
Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
-
Optically Selected Superthin Galaxies Remain Thin in the Near-infrared
Optically selected superthin galaxies remain superthin in NIR with unchanged axis ratios, showing no prominent thick disk from old stars, and prefer lower-density environments consistent with high-halo-spin formation.
-
The Impact of Non-Gaussian Line Spread Functions on Stellar Kinematic Recovery: Consequences for Dynamical Models
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
-
Columba: isolated dwarf galaxy populations in diverse cosmological environments simulated with a cold interstellar medium
New hydrodynamical simulations show that dwarf galaxy stellar mass-halo mass relations and star formation histories are more influenced by host halo concentration than by the 5 cMpc scale environment.
-
A Stellar Role Reversal: Multiple Features in the Mass and Mass Ratio Distributions of Merging Binary Black Holes from Stable Mass Transfer
Stable mass transfer produces two distinct peaks in merging binary black hole primary mass and mass ratio distributions via mass ratio reversal under conservative mass transfer.
-
The dependence of Circumgalactic Medium properties on halo assembly histories in the IllustrisTNG simulations
TNG50 simulation analysis finds early-forming halos show higher stellar mass, metallicity, lower CGM gas mass and sSFR at z=0, with mass-dependent CGM metallicity reversal and cold-gas kinematics differences.
-
TNG SAM: Bridging Hydrodynamical Complexity and Semi-Analytic Efficiency to Model Galaxy Formation
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
-
Exploring the Relationship Between Bars, Star Formation Activity, and Host Galaxy Properties from $\mathbf{z \sim 0}$ to $\mathbf{z \sim 2}$
Barred galaxies transition from actively star-forming at z~1-2 to quiescent at z~0, with the fraction of quiescent galaxies hosting bars increasing steeply over cosmic time.
-
Pressure-regulated feedback-modulated star formation as a subgrid model for galaxy formation simulations
PRFM-vol and PRFM-int subgrid models, calibrated from TIGRESS, produce shorter gas depletion times than IllustrisTNG and match TIGRESS star formation rates at high resolution while remaining robust at lower resolutions.
-
Satellite compaction pathways: environmental drivers shaping dwarf galaxy corpulence in the TNG50 simulation
In TNG50, compact dwarf satellites (log M_star 8.4-9.2) form via DM-rich gas inflows in low-merger environments, tidal stripping for DM-poor cases, and ram-pressure starbursts for some metal-rich ones.
-
Bulk vs. turbulent motions at the centres of galaxy clusters: AGN-driven turbulence according to TNG-Cluster
TNG-Cluster simulations find that in galaxy cluster centers turbulence accounts for under half the total velocity dispersion (typically 50-75 km/s), is mostly subsonic, provides sub-percent pressure support, and is primarily driven by SMBH feedback.
-
Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) III. A numerical simulation view of satellites around Milky-Way analogues
Simulation comparison finds bulgeless galaxies host more centrally concentrated, disc-aligned satellites with steeper faint-end luminosity functions than bulge-dominated controls, reflecting co-evolution and quieter merger histories.
-
Co-evolution of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host L* galaxies: implications for Milky Way and M31
ARTEMIS and EAGLE simulations classify L* galaxies by central BH-to-stellar-mass ratio and trace how merger history drives divergence in BH growth, star formation, and morphology, offering an explanation for the observed scatter and for MW/M31 differences.
-
Probing the faint end of simulated galaxy counts at z>3
TNG100 and EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations underproduce faint compact galaxies at z>3 relative to CANDELS observations even after forward modeling and completeness corrections, with the mismatch linked to both detection effects and simulation physics.
-
Utilizing Dispersion Measure of Fast Radio Bursts to Probe the Intergalactic Medium Turbulence
Fast radio burst dispersion measures exhibit scaling consistent with two-dimensional Kolmogorov turbulence in the intergalactic medium, constraining the outer scale to several megaparsecs.
-
The LISA Astrophysics MBHcatalogues Project: A comparison of predictions of simulated massive black hole binaries
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
-
Dynamically cold discs in high-redshift galaxies: comparison between ALMA observations and TNG50
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
-
Analysis of synthetic OVI absorption associated with galaxy groups in SIMBA and TNG50 simulations
Both SIMBA and TNG50 simulations underpredict OVI covering fractions around galaxy groups compared to observations, with most absorbers being gravitationally bound.
-
Galaxy Populations in the IllustrisTNG Caustic Skeleton
Galaxy properties in IllustrisTNG form a continuum across the multiscale caustic skeleton, with formation time of web components influencing colors and star formation activity.
-
Galaxy discs regulate the growth of supermassive black holes
Disc galaxies inhibit supermassive black hole growth by preserving rotational support in central gas, while mergers in ellipticals disrupt this support and enable rapid accretion.
-
Tracing the relic nature of compact galaxies through their globular cluster systems
Globular cluster mass fractions, in-situ fractions, metallicity spreads, and spatial profiles in simulated compact galaxies can identify massive relic analogs with early assembly histories.
-
The impact of cosmic filaments on the abundance of satellite galaxies
Satellite abundance is higher in filaments than the field by factors of 1.9-3.5, but reduced up to 79% after halo mass matching and further suppressed by dark matter tracer choice in IllustrisTNG.
-
Constructing a Mock Galaxy Catalog for the All-sky SPECtroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies (A-SPEC) Using the Machine-assisted Semi-Simulation Model
A machine learning model trained on IllustrisTNG predicts galaxy baryonic properties from dark matter subhalo features, producing a mock catalog for the A-SPEC survey that matches observed galaxy clustering.
-
Learning the Universe with the 2nd Generation of CAMELS: Varying 35 parameters of the IllustrisTNG model in (50Mpc/h)^3 boxes
New CAMELS simulations in larger (50 Mpc/h)^3 boxes with 35 varied parameters produce tighter neural-network constraints on model parameters than prior smaller-volume runs, with public data release.
-
Learning the Universe: Constrained simulations of the Coma galaxy cluster -- I. Radial X-ray and Compton-y signatures
50 constrained simulations of Coma cluster analogues reproduce the observed radial X-ray surface brightness and Compton-y profiles within the scatter expected from environment and assembly history.
-
JWST Predictions for $z > 10$ Galaxies from the Renaissance Simulations -- I: Photometry and Sizes
Renaissance Simulations produce galaxies at z>10 whose stellar masses, star formation rates, sizes, and colors overlap with JWST observations while extending to lower masses.
-
The Galaxy Luminosity Functions in ASTRID: Predictions for LSST
ASTRID simulation with dust model calibrated to SDSS at z=0 produces validated luminosity functions and LSST-ready mock catalogs of 378 million galaxies with predicted number counts in ugrizy bands from z=0 to 2.
-
First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XXI: The UV Indices of Galaxies in the Early Universe
Simulations of high-redshift galaxies show the 1719 Å UV index reliably traces stellar metallicity while others are more sensitive to star formation history.
-
Identification of Compact Groups of Galaxies in IllustrisTNG300
Compact galaxy groups identified in TNG300 show that ~80% of velocity-selected groups are line-of-sight interlopers, with a stellar-mass versus velocity-dispersion scaling relation serving as an effective diagnostic.
-
A statistical look on kinematic planes of satellite galaxies II: The physics behind their early formation in TNG50 MW/M31-like galaxies
Early kinematically persistent planes of satellite galaxies are fossil remnants of high-redshift anisotropic mass collapse along the principal directions of the local cosmic web during the fast assembly phase of host halos.