SafeManip is a new benchmark that applies LTLf monitors to assess temporal safety properties across eight categories in robotic manipulation, demonstrating that task success frequently fails to ensure safe execution in vision-language-action policies.
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GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots
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abstract
General-purpose robots need a versatile body and an intelligent mind. Recent advancements in humanoid robots have shown great promise as a hardware platform for building generalist autonomy in the human world. A robot foundation model, trained on massive and diverse data sources, is essential for enabling the robots to reason about novel situations, robustly handle real-world variability, and rapidly learn new tasks. To this end, we introduce GR00T N1, an open foundation model for humanoid robots. GR00T N1 is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model with a dual-system architecture. The vision-language module (System 2) interprets the environment through vision and language instructions. The subsequent diffusion transformer module (System 1) generates fluid motor actions in real time. Both modules are tightly coupled and jointly trained end-to-end. We train GR00T N1 with a heterogeneous mixture of real-robot trajectories, human videos, and synthetically generated datasets. We show that our generalist robot model GR00T N1 outperforms the state-of-the-art imitation learning baselines on standard simulation benchmarks across multiple robot embodiments. Furthermore, we deploy our model on the Fourier GR-1 humanoid robot for language-conditioned bimanual manipulation tasks, achieving strong performance with high data efficiency.
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- abstract General-purpose robots need a versatile body and an intelligent mind. Recent advancements in humanoid robots have shown great promise as a hardware platform for building generalist autonomy in the human world. A robot foundation model, trained on massive and diverse data sources, is essential for enabling the robots to reason about novel situations, robustly handle real-world variability, and rapidly learn new tasks. To this end, we introduce GR00T N1, an open foundation model for humanoid robots. GR00T N1 is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model with a dual-system architecture. The vision-lang
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representative citing papers
Open-H-Embodiment is the largest open multi-embodiment medical robotics dataset, used to train GR00T-H, the first open vision-language-action model that achieves end-to-end suturing completion where prior models fail.
FlowHijack is the first dynamics-aware backdoor attack on flow-matching VLAs that achieves high success rates with stealthy triggers while preserving benign performance and making malicious actions kinematically indistinguishable from normal ones.
GesVLA encodes gesture features directly into the latent space of VLA models using a dual-VLM architecture and a rendering-based data pipeline, yielding improved target grounding in real robotic tasks.
AutoScale is a closed-loop data engine using Graph-RAE for scene representation and Cluster-GA for importance-based retrieval to improve real-synthetic co-training for autonomous driving.
Dexora is the first open-source VLA system for dual-arm dual-hand high-DoF manipulation, trained on 100K simulated and 10K real teleoperated trajectories with a discriminator-weighted diffusion policy, achieving 66.7% dexterous success versus 51.7% for baselines.
RoboFlow4D is an end-to-end lightweight flow world model that predicts multi-frame 3D flows from visual observations and textual instructions to provide explicit planning for real-time robotic manipulation.
RotVLA models latent actions as continuous SO(n) rotations with triplet-frame supervision and flow-matching to reach 98.2% success on LIBERO and 89.6%/88.5% on RoboTwin2.0 using a 1.7B-parameter model.
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
Premover enables VLA policies to act on partial instructions by precomputing focus maps from intermediate backbone layers, reducing wall-clock time 13.6 percent on LIBERO while preserving 95 percent success rate.
DreamAvoid uses a Dream Trigger, Action Proposer, and Dream Evaluator trained on success/failure/boundary data to let VLA policies avoid critical-phase failures via test-time future dreaming.
RIO introduces a lightweight open-source framework that abstracts real-time robot I/O to support easy switching between embodiments and platforms for collecting data and deploying VLAs.
A liveness-based Bellman operator enables conservative offline policy evaluation for manipulation tasks by encoding task progression and reducing truncation bias from finite horizons.
Pace-and-Path Correction decomposes a quadratic cost minimization into orthogonal pace and path channels to correct chunked actions in VLA models, raising success rates by up to 28.8% in dynamic settings.
Capability vectors extracted from parameter differences between standard and auxiliary-finetuned VLA models can be merged into pretrained weights to match auxiliary-training performance while reducing computational overhead during adaptation.
VEGA improves spatial reasoning in VLA models for robotics by aligning visual encoder features with 3D-supervised DINOv2 representations via a temporary projector and cosine similarity loss.
BatchWeave delivers an object-store-native data plane for distributed large foundation model training via transactional global batches and a decentralized adaptive commit algorithm.
LoopVLA adds recurrent refinement and learned sufficiency estimation to VLA models, cutting parameters 45% and raising throughput 1.7x while matching baseline task success on LIBERO and VLA-Arena.
Octopus Protocol enables one-shot hardware onboarding for AI agents by running a five-stage LLM-driven pipeline that probes devices, infers capabilities, generates an MCP server, and deploys it for closed-loop control.
Reducing visual input to one token per frame in VLA world models maintains or improves long-horizon performance on MetaWorld, LIBERO, and real-robot tasks.
NoiseGate learns per-latent timestep schedules as an information-gating policy in diffusion-based world action models, yielding consistent gains on RoboTwin manipulation tasks.
AT-VLA proposes adaptive tactile injection and a dual-stream tactile reaction mechanism to enhance VLA models for contact-rich robotic manipulation with real-time responses.
Latent Bridge predicts VLM feature deltas to reduce VLM calls by 50-75% in dual-system VLA models while retaining 95-100% performance and achieving 1.65-1.73x speedup across LIBERO, RoboCasa, and ALOHA benchmarks.
Phone2Act is a smartphone-based teleoperation system that collects synchronized multi-camera robot manipulation data in LeRobot format without custom hardware, validated by fine-tuning GR00T-N1.5 to 90% success on a real Dobot CR5 pick-and-place task using 130 episodes.
citing papers explorer
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PriorVLA: Prior-Preserving Adaptation for Vision-Language-Action Models
PriorVLA preserves pretrained priors in VLA models through a frozen Prior Expert and trained Adaptation Expert, delivering better robot manipulation performance than full fine-tuning with only 25% of the parameter updates.
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EggHand: A Multimodal Foundation Model for Egocentric Hand Pose Forecasting
EggHand unifies VLA action decoding with viewpoint-aware video-text encoding to forecast egocentric hand poses, achieving SOTA accuracy on EgoExo4D while remaining robust to ego-motion and controllable via language prompts.
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A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies
Sim-and-real co-training for robot policies is driven primarily by balanced cross-domain representation alignment and secondarily by domain-dependent action reweighting.
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DexWorldModel: Causal Latent World Modeling towards Automated Learning of Embodied Tasks
CLWM with DINOv3 targets, O(1) TTT memory, SAI latency masking, and EmbodiChain training achieves SOTA dual-arm simulation performance and zero-shot sim-to-real transfer that beats real-data finetuned baselines.
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V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planning
V-JEPA 2 pre-trained on massive unlabeled video achieves strong results on motion understanding and action anticipation, SOTA video QA at 8B scale, and enables zero-shot robotic planning on Franka arms using only 62 hours of unlabeled robot video.
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Dynamic Execution Commitment of Vision-Language-Action Models
A3 adaptively selects verifiable action prefixes in VLA models using group-sampled consensus and conditional re-decoding to balance robustness and speed without manual horizon tuning.
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Preserving Foundational Capabilities in Flow-Matching VLAs through Conservative SFT
ConSFT is a gradient-scaling fine-tuning objective for flow-matching VLAs that bounds parameter disruption via model-confidence weighting, yielding over 20% better capability retention than vanilla SFT on LIBERO and RoboTwin.