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End-to-End Driving with Online Trajectory Evaluation via BEV World Model

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arxiv 2504.01941 v2 pith:Z3GPTP4U submitted 2025-04-02 cs.CV

End-to-End Driving with Online Trajectory Evaluation via BEV World Model

classification cs.CV
keywords trajectoryworldevaluationmodeldrivingend-to-endframeworkfuture
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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End-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable progress by integrating perception, prediction, and planning into a fully differentiable framework. Yet, to fully realize its potential, an effective online trajectory evaluation is indispensable to ensure safety. By forecasting the future outcomes of a given trajectory, trajectory evaluation becomes much more effective. This goal can be achieved by employing a world model to capture environmental dynamics and predict future states. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end driving framework WoTE, which leverages a BEV World model to predict future BEV states for Trajectory Evaluation. The proposed BEV world model is latency-efficient compared to image-level world models and can be seamlessly supervised using off-the-shelf BEV-space traffic simulators. We validate our framework on both the NAVSIM benchmark and the closed-loop Bench2Drive benchmark based on the CARLA simulator, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Code is released at https://github.com/liyingyanUCAS/WoTE.

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Cited by 28 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Fine-tuning is Not Enough: A Parallel Framework for Collaborative Imitation and Reinforcement Learning in End-to-end Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PaIR-Drive runs IL and RL in parallel branches with a tree-structured sampler to reach 91.2 PDMS and 87.9 EPDMS on NAVSIM benchmarks while outperforming sequential RL fine-tuning and correcting some human errors.

  2. GeoWorldAD: Geometry World Action Model for Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Grounding an autonomous-driving action model in ego-aligned multi-scale 3D geometry and latent future-geometry tokens improves NAVSIM closed-loop PDMS/EPDMS over prior geometry- and world-model-based planners.

  3. Teaching Vision-Language-Action Models What to See and Where to Look

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DriveTeach-VLA adds Driving-aware Vision Distillation pretraining and 2D Trajectory-Guided Prompts to VLA models, then reports state-of-the-art results on NAVSIM and nuScenes.

  4. DriveVer: Lightweight Trajectory Evaluator as Test-Time Verifier for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DriveVer is a lightweight dual-head test-time verifier that predicts safety confidence scores and geometric refinement vectors for candidate trajectories, improving base planners on the NAVSIM benchmark.

  5. LWDrive: Layer-Wise World-Model-Guided Vision-Language Model Planning for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LWDrive uses future-frame supervision on VLMs to create world-model features that a multi-layer Foresight Cascade Planner refines into final trajectories, reporting 92.0 on NAVSIM and 89.6 on NAVSIM-v2.

  6. OmniSpace: Efficient Geometry Awareness for Autonomous Vehicles MLLMs

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    OmniSpace is a plug-and-play method that improves spatial reasoning in MLLMs for AV by injecting camera pose, using epipolar attention across views, and distilling 3D geometric knowledge to overcome weak cross-view co...

  7. GEM: Generating LiDAR World Model via Deformable Mamba

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GEM is a new LiDAR world model using deformable Mamba that disentangles dynamic and static features to generate high-fidelity simulations and achieve state-of-the-art results on autonomous driving benchmarks.

  8. Orion-Lite: Distilling LLM Reasoning into Efficient Vision-Only Driving Models

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Orion-Lite uses latent feature distillation and trajectory supervision to create a vision-only model that surpasses its LLM-based teacher on closed-loop Bench2Drive evaluation, achieving a new SOTA driving score of 80.6.

  9. DVGT-2: Vision-Geometry-Action Model for Autonomous Driving at Scale

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DVGT-2 is a streaming vision-geometry-action model that jointly reconstructs dense 3D geometry and plans trajectories online, achieving better reconstruction than prior batch methods while transferring directly to pla...

  10. DriveLaW:Unifying Planning and Video Generation in a Latent Driving World

    cs.CV 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DriveLaW unifies video world modeling and trajectory planning by injecting video-generator latents into a diffusion planner, achieving SOTA video prediction and a new record on the NAVSIM planning benchmark.

  11. SpaceDrive: Infusing Spatial Awareness into VLM-based Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    SpaceDrive integrates 3D positional encodings derived from depth and ego-states into VLMs, replacing digit tokens to improve spatial reasoning and trajectory regression in autonomous driving.

  12. SpaceDrive: Infusing Spatial Awareness into VLM-based Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    SpaceDrive replaces textual coordinate tokens with shared 3D positional encodings in a VLM driving planner, achieving state-of-the-art open-loop planning on nuScenes and 78.02 Driving Score on Bench2Drive.

  13. SimScale: Learning to Drive via Real-World Simulation at Scale

    cs.CV 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    SimScale synthesizes unseen driving states from real logs via neural rendering and reactive environments, generates pseudo-expert trajectories, and shows that co-training on real plus simulated data improves planning ...

  14. DriveMoE: Mixture-of-Experts for Vision-Language-Action Model in End-to-End Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DriveMoE applies scene-specialized Vision MoE and skill-specialized Action MoE to a VLA baseline to achieve SOTA closed-loop performance on Bench2Drive.

  15. UNIVERSE: Unified Video Action Models for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Mask-Modulated Modality Generation

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    A single mask-modulated DiT that co-trains future video and trajectories yields stronger autonomous-driving action generalization and 4.3× faster trajectory-only inference than dual-DiT designs.

  16. PriorEye: Geospatial Visual Priors for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PriorEye augments end-to-end driving models with a dual-memory architecture that stores and gates geospatial visual priors to improve performance and robustness to sensor corruption on NAVSIM-v2.

  17. LWDrive: Layer-Wise World-Model-Guided Vision-Language Model Planning for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LWDrive refines coarse VLM trajectories via future-frame supervision and a multi-layer Foresight Cascade Planner, reporting scores of 92.0 on NAVSIM and 89.6 on NAVSIM-v2.

  18. ASSCG: Just-Right Gating over Chattering for Fast-Slow LLM Planning in Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    ASSCG is an RWKV-based adaptive gate trained with SFT and GRPO-style RL that makes Query/Cache/Drop decisions for slow LLM guidance in fast-slow autonomous driving planners, improving scores and cutting latency on nuP...

  19. DriveReward: A Comprehensive Dataset and Generative Vision-Language Reward Model for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Creates DriveReward dataset with counterfactual annotations and a 1B VLM reward model that outperforms larger VLMs on driving tasks and matches rule-based rewards in RL and trajectory scoring.

  20. SparseWorld: Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving via World Models with Sparse Scene Representation

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SparseWorld is a sparse world model with a Sparse Dreamer module that performs autoregressive rollout of future instances to refine motion prediction and planning, reporting 0.05% collision rate on nuScenes open-loop metrics.

  21. HEAT: Heterogeneous End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Trajectory-Guided World Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    HEAT uses a trajectory-driven learning paradigm and a world model predicting future latent features from ego actions to enable a single unified end-to-end autonomous driving model to perform well across heterogeneous ...

  22. Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modeling

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CaAD adds ego-centric joint-causal modeling and causality-aware policy alignment to end-to-end driving, reporting Driving Score 87.53 and Success Rate 71.81 on Bench2Drive plus PDMS 91.1 on NAVSIM.

  23. Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modeling

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CaAD adds ego-centric joint-causal modeling and causality-aware policy alignment to end-to-end driving, reporting Driving Score 87.53 and PDMS 91.1 on Bench2Drive and NAVSIM.

  24. RAD-2: Scaling Reinforcement Learning in a Generator-Discriminator Framework

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    RAD-2 uses a diffusion generator and RL discriminator to cut collision rates by 56% in closed-loop autonomous driving planning.

  25. CrowdVLA: Embodied Vision-Language-Action Agents for Context-Aware Crowd Simulation

    cs.GR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CrowdVLA introduces vision-language-action agents for crowd simulation that reason about scene semantics, social norms, and action consequences using fine-tuned models and simulation rollouts.

  26. DynFlowDrive: Flow-Based Dynamic World Modeling for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    DynFlowDrive models action-conditioned scene transitions via rectified flow in latent space and adds stability-aware trajectory selection, showing gains on nuScenes and NavSim without added inference cost.

  27. DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    DIVER uses RL-guided diffusion to produce diverse feasible trajectories from one ground-truth path, addressing mode collapse in imitation learning for autonomous driving.

  28. Do Open-Loop Metrics Predict Closed-Loop Driving? A Cross-Benchmark Correlation Study of NAVSIM and Bench2Drive

    cs.RO 2026-04 conditional novelty 4.0

    Cross-benchmark analysis of 8 methods shows NAVSIM PDM Score correlates with Bench2Drive Driving Score at Spearman ρ=0.90, with Ego Progress as the strongest single predictor and a simpler 3-metric formula matching th...