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arxiv 2506.19850 v1 pith:MAJZ2LYI submitted 2025-06-24 cs.CV cs.RO

Unified Vision-Language-Action Model

classification cs.CV cs.RO
keywords modelsunivlaactioncausalliberomanipulationmodelmultimodal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in advancing robotic manipulation. However, previous approaches predominantly rely on the general comprehension capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) to generate action signals, often overlooking the rich temporal and causal structure embedded in visual observations. In this paper, we present UniVLA, a unified and native multimodal VLA model that autoregressively models vision, language, and action signals as discrete token sequences. This formulation enables flexible multimodal tasks learning, particularly from large-scale video data. By incorporating world modeling during post-training, UniVLA captures causal dynamics from videos, facilitating effective transfer to downstream policy learning--especially for long-horizon tasks. Our approach sets new state-of-the-art results across several widely used simulation benchmarks, including CALVIN, LIBERO, and Simplenv-Bridge, significantly surpassing previous methods. For example, UniVLA achieves 95.5% average success rate on LIBERO benchmark, surpassing pi0-FAST's 85.5%. We further demonstrate its broad applicability on real-world ALOHA manipulation and autonomous driving.

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Cited by 38 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. ThinkingVLA: Interleaved Vision and Language Reasoning for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    ThinkingVLA is a Mixture-of-Transformers VLA model that performs interleaved forward CoT for subgoal and image prediction followed by inverse CoT grounded on the predicted image to generate actions.

  2. Point Tracking Improves World Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.

  3. OA-WAM: Object-Addressable World Action Model for Robust Robot Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.

  4. Thinking in Text and Images: Interleaved Vision--Language Reasoning Traces for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A multimodal transformer generates and caches interleaved text-image traces to guide closed-loop actions, achieving 92.4% success on LIBERO-Long and 95.5% average on LIBERO.

  5. CF-VLA: Efficient Coarse-to-Fine Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Policies

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CF-VLA uses a coarse initialization over endpoint velocity followed by single-step refinement to achieve strong performance with low inference steps on CALVIN, LIBERO, and real-robot tasks.

  6. Learning Physics from Pretrained Video Models: A Multimodal Continuous and Sequential World Interaction Models for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PhysGen uses video models to learn physics for robots, outperforming baselines by up to 13.8% on Libero and matching specialized models in real-world tasks.

  7. Dual Latent Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    LaMem-VLA reconstructs robotic history into dual short-term and long-term latent memory tokens that are woven directly into a VLA model's reasoning sequence to improve long-horizon manipulation.

  8. UniviewVLA: A Unified Multiview Vision-Language-Action Model with World Modeling

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    UniviewVLA generates multiview future views from two cameras via world modeling, plus token compression and view selection, to boost occlusion handling in robot manipulation while matching standard benchmark performance.

  9. Inductive Generalization for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The paper introduces an inductive generalization evaluation protocol for manipulation policies and shows that SOTA vision-language-action models fail on progressively harder task variants.

  10. ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ImageWAM shows image editing models can replace video generation in world action models, delivering better performance with 6x lower FLOPs and 4x lower latency by using edit-derived KV caches as compact context.

  11. Test-Time Trajectory Optimization for Autonomous Driving

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TOAD applies test-time Cross-Entropy Method optimization to refine trajectories using the planner's scorer as a reward function, improving end-to-end autonomous driving performance without retraining.

  12. MPCoT: Reward-Guided Multi-Path Latent Reasoning for Test-Time Scalable Vision-Language-Action

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MPCoT improves long-horizon VLA performance on LIBERO and CALVIN by initializing M latent hypotheses, refining them over K steps, and aggregating via a reward-trained path scorer while preserving the original 8-step a...

  13. PointAction: 3D Points as Universal Action Representations for Robot Control

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PointAction uses predicted dynamic 3D pointmaps from fine-tuned video models as an embodiment-agnostic action representation to map video predictions to executable robot actions.

  14. See Less, Specify More: Visual Evidence Budgets for Generalizable VLAs

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    S2 improves generalization in vision-language-action models by using goal-preserving refined language guidance and explicit visual evidence budgets, raising mean subtask success from 54.2% to 79.0% on eight real-robot...

  15. OneVLA: A Unified Framework for Embodied Tasks

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    OneVLA is a unified VLA model using a shared action head and multi-stage progressive training with CoT fine-tuning that reports state-of-the-art results on both navigation and manipulation in simulation and real-world...

  16. ChainFlow-VLA: Causal Flow Planning with Vision-Language Models

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ChainFlow-VLA unifies autoregressive causal trajectory modes with VLM-conditioned diffusion refinement to reach 94.85 on NAVSIM v1, matching human performance.

  17. CLOVER: Closed-Loop Value Estimation and Ranking for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Planning

    cs.RO 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    CLOVER is a closed-loop generator-scorer framework that expands proposal coverage with pseudo-expert trajectories and performs conservative self-distillation to achieve state-of-the-art planning scores on NAVSIM and nuScenes.

  18. Guide, Think, Act: Interactive Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    GTA-VLA conditions VLA models on user spatial priors to produce a unified spatial-visual chain-of-thought, reaching 81.2% success on SimplerEnv WidowX and improving performance under out-of-distribution shifts.

  19. Unified 4D World Action Modeling from Video Priors with Asynchronous Denoising

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    X-WAM unifies real-time robotic action execution with high-fidelity 4D world synthesis by adapting video diffusion priors through lightweight depth branches and asynchronous noise sampling, achieving 79-91% success on...

  20. Unified 4D World Action Modeling from Video Priors with Asynchronous Denoising

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    X-WAM unifies robotic action execution and 4D world synthesis by adapting video diffusion priors with a lightweight depth branch and asynchronous noise sampling, achieving 79-91% success on robot benchmarks.

  21. HiF-VLA: Hindsight, Insight and Foresight through Motion Representation for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HiF-VLA improves long-horizon robotic manipulation by encoding past motion as hindsight priors and anticipating future motion through foresight reasoning inside a VLA framework.

  22. InternVLA-M1: A Spatially Guided Vision-Language-Action Framework for Generalist Robot Policy

    cs.RO 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.

  23. F1: A Vision-Language-Action Model Bridging Understanding and Generation to Actions

    cs.RO 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    F1 integrates next-scale visual foresight prediction into a Mixture-of-Transformer VLA architecture to reformulate action generation as foresight-guided inverse dynamics, achieving higher success rates on 136 tasks.

  24. A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI

    cs.RO 2024-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    This is the first survey on vision-language-action models, providing a taxonomy across three lines, plus summaries of datasets, simulators, benchmarks, challenges, and future directions in embodied AI.

  25. TBD-VLA: Temporal Block Diffusion Vision Language Action Model

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    TBD-VLA partitions action sequences into temporal blocks, performs masked discrete diffusion within blocks, and autoregressive generation across blocks to unify parallel decoding with temporal coherence in discrete VL...

  26. World-Language-Action Model for Unified World Modeling, Language Reasoning, and Action Synthesis

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    WLA models use an autoregressive Transformer to jointly predict textual subtasks, subgoal images, and robot actions from instructions, images, and states, reporting SOTA success rates on RoboTwin2.0 and RMBench.

  27. GEM: Generative Supervision Helps Embodied Intelligence

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    GEM adds generative depth supervision to VLM pre-training and reports improved results on embodied benchmarks plus real-world robot execution.

  28. OASIS: Observation-Action Space Alignment via SE(3) Trajectory Prediction for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    OASIS improves robotic manipulation success and generalization by predicting camera-frame SE(3) end-effector trajectories to condition the action decoder on pose-supervised states.

  29. RoVLA: Multi-Consistency Constraints for Robust Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    RoVLA enforces instructional, evolutionary, and observational consistency to improve robustness of VLA policies on manipulation benchmarks and real robots.

  30. EponaV2: Driving World Model with Comprehensive Future Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    EponaV2 advances perception-free driving world models by forecasting comprehensive future 3D geometry and semantic representations, achieving SOTA planning performance on NAVSIM benchmarks.

  31. Test-Time Training for Visual Foresight Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    T³VF applies test-time training on natural future-prediction supervision pairs with adaptive filtering to mitigate OOD shifts in VF-VLA models at modest extra inference cost.

  32. Test-Time Training for Visual Foresight Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    T³VF applies test-time training with adaptive filtering to reduce OOD failures in VF-VLA models by treating predicted future images and actual next observations as natural training pairs.

  33. Causal World Modeling for Robot Control

    cs.CV 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LingBot-VA combines video world modeling with policy learning via Mixture-of-Transformers, closed-loop rollouts, and asynchronous inference to improve robot manipulation in simulation and real settings.

  34. AVA-VLA: Improving Vision-Language-Action models with Active Visual Attention

    cs.LG 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    AVA-VLA reformulates VLA learning as a POMDP using recurrent states and active visual attention to achieve state-of-the-art results on LIBERO, CALVIN, and real dual-arm tasks.

  35. Large VLM-based Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation: A Survey

    cs.RO 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    This survey organizes large VLM-based VLA models for robotic manipulation into monolithic and hierarchical paradigms, reviews their integrations and datasets, and outlines future directions.

  36. General Covariant Action Modeling: Constructing Generalized Manifolds via Spatio-Temporal Decoupling

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    GAM framework uses arc-length parameterization for temporal invariance and schema-affine factorization for geometric invariance to build a covariant action manifold integrated into VLA models for improved generalizati...

  37. RLDX-1 Technical Report

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    RLDX-1 achieves 86.8% success on complex ALLEX humanoid manipulation tasks where prior VLAs reach only around 40%.

  38. RLDX-1 Technical Report

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    RLDX-1 outperforms frontier VLAs such as π0.5 and GR00T N1.6 on dexterous manipulation benchmarks, reaching 86.8% success on ALLEX humanoid tasks versus around 40% for the baselines.