Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 major objections 2 minor 138 references

COOL-LAMPS IX: A Rare Duo of Quasars Each Lensed by a Single Massive Galaxy Cluster

T0 review · 1 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-05-14 · grok-4.3

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read One galaxy cluster lenses two background quasars, each into four images.

desk verdict A straightforward discovery that adds one more rare dual-quasar lensing system but rests on a basic model whose time-delay uncertainties look understated. read the letter →

arxiv 2605.13514 v1 pith:P4IFD5LL submitted 2026-05-13 astro-ph.GA

Erik Solhaug , Michael D. Gladders , Andi M. Kisare , Simon D. Mork , Matthew B. Bayliss , Aidan P. Cloonan , H{aa}kon Dahle , Isaiah R. Escapa
show 15 more authors
Michael K. Florian Gourav Khullar Guillaume Mahler Natalie Malagon Kate Napier Allison Noble Jane R. Rigby Riley Rosener T. Emil Rivera-Thorsen Keren Sharon Antony A. Stark Kabelo Tsiane Grace C. Wagner Brian Welch Yifan "Megan" Zhao
This is my paper · ORCID
classification astro-ph.GA
keywords gravitationallensingquasarsgalaxyclusterswide-separationlensedtime-delaycosmographyCOOL-LAMPS
checked against Cost.FunctionalEquation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper reports the discovery of COOLJ1153+0755, a system in which a single galaxy cluster at redshift 0.43 gravitationally lenses two separate quasars at redshifts 1.52 and 1.94. Each quasar appears as four distinct images with maximum separations near 26 arcseconds. A lens model yields a projected cluster mass of roughly 3.3 times 10^14 solar masses within 500 kiloparsecs and predicts time delays of order 800 to 1200 days between the brightest images. This find increases the known wide-separation lensed quasar sample from seven to eight systems containing nine quasars total. The configuration supplies laboratories for measuring the Hubble constant via time-delay cosmography and for examining black-hole and galaxy co-evolution near the peak of cosmic star formation.

What carries the argument

A simple lens model that recovers the cluster's projected mass and the relative time delays between images of each quasar from the observed image positions and redshifts.

What would settle it

New spectroscopy or monitoring that shows the candidate images of either quasar have inconsistent redshifts or measured time delays that differ substantially from the model's predictions of 800 to 1200 days.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

COOLJ1153+0755 features two multiply-imaged quasars, a broad-line Type I at z=1.524 and a dust-obscured Type II at z=1.939, each split into four images by the same z=0.4301 cluster, with a simple lens model recovering a projected mass M(<500 kpc) ~ 3.3 x 10^14 solar masses and relative time delays of hundreds to over one thousand days.

Load-bearing premise

The images identified in imaging and confirmed by spectroscopy all belong to single background quasars at the quoted redshifts, and the lens model accurately recovers the cluster mass and time delays without major contamination or misidentification.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The known wide-separation lensed quasar sample grows from seven to eight systems containing nine quasars.
  • The system supplies two new laboratories for probing black hole-galaxy co-evolution at Cosmic Noon.
  • Relative time delays of hundreds to over a thousand days enable time-delay cosmography constraints on the Hubble constant.
  • The system was found without a morphological cut, showing that point-source selections miss such configurations.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Future wide-field surveys may uncover additional dual-quasar systems by relaxing point-source morphology requirements.
  • The dense galaxy environment around the Type I quasar, including two other strongly lensed galaxies, offers a test bed for environmental influences on quasar activity.
  • Repeated imaging of the predicted time delays could independently verify the lens model and the cluster mass estimate.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the discovery of COOLJ1153+0755, a wide-separation lensed quasar system in which a single z=0.4301 galaxy cluster lenses two background quasars into four images each: a broad-line Type I quasar (COOLJ1153A) at z=1.524 with maximum image separation 25.6 arcsec and a dust-obscured Type II quasar (COOLJ1153B) at z=1.939 with 26.0 arcsec separation. DECaLS imaging plus Magellan and NOT spectroscopy confirm the redshifts and image identifications; a simple lens model then yields a projected cluster mass M(<500 kpc) ~ 3.3e14 Msun and relative time delays of order 800-1200 days among the brightest images of each quasar. The system is presented as the eighth known WSLQ, notable for containing both Type I and Type II quasars and for residing in a dense environment with additional strongly lensed galaxies.

Significance. If the image identifications and lens model hold, the discovery expands the rare sample of wide-separation lensed quasars from seven to eight systems and supplies two new laboratories for black-hole/galaxy co-evolution studies at Cosmic Noon plus time-delay cosmography. The spectroscopic confirmation of both redshifts and the morphological independence of the selection (no point-source cut required) are clear strengths that strengthen the observational foundation.

major comments (1)
  1. [Lens modeling section] Lens modeling section (description of mass and time-delay estimates): the simple lens model used to derive M(<500 kpc) ~ 3.3e14 Msun and the quoted time delays (Δt_A3,A1 ~800 d, Δt_A2,A1 ~1200 d, Δt_B1,B3 ~800 d, Δt_B2,B3 ~1000 d) does not include the three nearby galaxies around COOLJ1153A (two of which are themselves strongly lensed) as perturbers. For 25-arcsec image splittings, these local mass components can change the potential and predicted delays by tens of percent; an explicit test of their inclusion or a quantified uncertainty budget on the time delays is required before the cosmography utility can be claimed.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the phrase 'none of its multiple images are classified as point sources' is slightly ambiguous; clarify whether this refers to the DECaLS catalog classification of the individual images or to the system as a whole.
  2. [System description] The text states that COOLJ1153A 'resides in a dense environment with three nearby galaxies, two of which are also strongly lensed,' but does not specify whether these galaxies were used in the lens model or only noted for context; a short sentence linking the two would improve clarity.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive summary and constructive comment. We address the major comment below and will revise the manuscript to strengthen the lens modeling discussion.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Lens modeling section] Lens modeling section (description of mass and time-delay estimates): the simple lens model used to derive M(<500 kpc) ~ 3.3e14 Msun and the quoted time delays (Δt_A3,A1 ~800 d, Δt_A2,A1 ~1200 d, Δt_B1,B3 ~800 d, Δt_B2,B3 ~1000 d) does not include the three nearby galaxies around COOLJ1153A (two of which are themselves strongly lensed) as perturbers. For 25-arcsec image splittings, these local mass components can change the potential and predicted delays by tens of percent; an explicit test of their inclusion or a quantified uncertainty budget on the time delays is required before the cosmography utility can be claimed.

    Authors: We agree that the three nearby galaxies represent local perturbers whose inclusion could affect the predicted time delays at the tens-of-percent level, particularly given the large image separations. Our current model is a deliberately simple cluster-scale representation intended to provide initial mass and delay estimates, as stated in the manuscript. In the revised version we will add an explicit test that incorporates these galaxies (using their observed positions and photometric mass estimates) as additional components in the lens model. We will report the resulting shifts in the time delays and include a quantified uncertainty budget on the delays to better support the potential cosmography applications. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: purely observational discovery with standard lens modeling

full rationale

The paper reports an observational discovery of two lensed quasars via DECaLS imaging and spectroscopic confirmation, followed by a standard lens model that fits observed image positions to estimate cluster mass and time delays. No derivation step reduces to self-definition, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or load-bearing self-citations. The lens model is a conventional parametric fit to data and does not claim to derive new results from prior self-citations in a circular manner. The central claims rest on direct observations and standard modeling techniques that remain independent of the fitted outputs.

Assumptions & free parameters 1 free parameters · 1 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The discovery rests on standard gravitational lensing assumptions and spectroscopic redshift confirmation; no new free parameters or invented entities are introduced beyond the lens-model fit itself.

free parameters (1)
  • projected cluster mass within 500 kpc
    Derived from the lens model fit to image positions and separations.
assumptions (1)
  • domain assumption Standard thin-lens gravitational lensing formalism applies to the observed image configurations.
    Invoked when constructing the lens model to estimate mass and time delays.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of COOL-LAMPS IX: A Rare Duo of Quasars Each Lensed by a Single Massive Galaxy Cluster." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/P4IFD5LL

@misc{pith2026260513514,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: COOL-LAMPS IX: A Rare Duo of Quasars Each Lensed by a Single Massive Galaxy Cluster},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/P4IFD5LL}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2605.13514}
}
abstract

Wide-separation lensed quasars (WSLQs) are rare systems that arise from the chance alignment of two objects: a galaxy cluster and a background quasar. After two decades, only seven WSLQs have been found. Here, we report the discovery of COOLJ1153+0755 by the COOL-LAMPS collaboration in DECaLS imaging and its confirmation with follow-up observations with the Magellan Telescopes and the Nordic Optical Telescope. This system features two multiply-imaged quasars each lensed into four images by the same $z=0.4301$ cluster: a classic broad-line Type I quasar at $z=1.524$ (COOLJ1153A) and a dust-obscured Type II quasar at $z=1.939$ (COOLJ1153B), with maximum image separations of $25.''6$ and $26.''0$, respectively. We construct a lens model to estimate a projected cluster mass of $M(<500\,{\rm kpc})\sim3.3\times10^{14}{\rm M}_{\odot}$ and relative time delays between the three brightest images of each quasar of $\Delta t_{\rm \,A3,A1}\sim800$, $\Delta t_{\rm \,A2,A1}\sim1200$, $\Delta t_{\rm \,B1,B3}\sim800$, and $\Delta t_{\rm \,B2,B3}\sim1000$ days. COOLJ1153A resides in a dense environment with three nearby galaxies, two of which are also strongly lensed. We identify COOLJ1153+0755 without making a morphological cut in the DECaLS catalog; none of its multiple images are classified as point sources in those data, implying that morphology-based selection would miss such systems. COOLJ1153+0755 expands the WSLQ sample from 7 to 8 systems (9 individual quasars), adding two powerful laboratories for probing black hole-galaxy co-evolution at Cosmic Noon and for time-delay cosmography constraints on the Hubble constant, $H_0$.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.13514 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Discovery imaging of COOL J1153+0755 from DECaLS (top) and unWISE (bottom). The 1′ × 1 ′ cutouts show DECaLS DR9 g, r, and z imaging (top) and unWISE W1 and W2 imaging (bottom), revealing infrared emission consistent with two candidate multiply-imaged quasars in COOL J1153+0755 (A and B), which motivated the deeper follow-up imaging shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Deeper Magellan follow-up imaging and archival infrared Spitzer imaging reveal two lensed quasars, each with three images: COOL J1153A and COOL J1153B. Shown is a 1′ × 1 ′ multi-wavelength composite image using Magel￾lan LDSS3 and IMACS grz imaging (blue), FourStar JHKs imaging (green), and archival Spitzer/IRAC channels I1 and I2 (red). January 2023 and collected spectroscopic observations during April 2023. The lo… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Surface brightness profile modeling of COOL J1153A (image A1) and COOL J1153B (image B3). For each system, we show the observed image, the best-fitting model, and the residual image in both the grz and JHKs bands. The RGB composites are constructed using g/J as blue, r/H as green, and z/Ks as red. White crosshairs in the leftmost panels mark the positions of COOL J1153A and COOL J1153B. The nearby objects, a foregro… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (14 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: LDSS3 spectra of the three quasar images of COOL J1153A confirm identical redshifts and spectral features. The A1 and A3 spectra have been vertically offset for visual clarity. Major telluric line residuals are marked with ⊕. Mg ii], a line from the quasar broad-line r…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: BPT diagram showing the positions of COOL J1153B (image B1) from (a) one Gaussian component for each line, and (b) one broad and narrow component for Hα with the other lines tied to the narrow component. We measure the line fluxes of [O iii] λ5007 and [N ii] λ6584 and …
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The best-fit SEDs of COOL J1153A (left panel) and COOL J1153B (right panel) are consistent with Type I and Type II quasars, respectively. The SED components (stellar, dust, and AGN) are shown in different colored lines. For COOL J1153B the ALMA Band 6 detection is excl…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Projected mass density, Σ, of our best-fit lens model in a 80′′ × 80′′ box centered on the BCG. We re￾port the integrated mass density of the lens within 200 kpc, M(< 200 kpc), and show the image locations with crosses for COOL J1153A and COOL J1153B to guide the eye. …
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Time delay surfaces relative to the leading im￾ages of the two quasars, ∆trel, A and ∆trel, B (see Eqns. 3 and 4), in COOL J1153+0755 from our best-fit lens model in units of days. Each set of contours corresponds to ∆trel for a source at source redshift zsource = 1.5…
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: 1 ′×1 ′ images from HST/ACS (top left) and JWST/NIRCam (top right) centered on the BCG in COOL J1153+0755. Top left: The blue, green, and red channels correspond to the F475W, F606W, and F814W bands, respectively. Top right: The blue, green, and red channels correspon…
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Progression of lens model by adding space-based model constraints, like improved centroid measurements of quasar images and nearby halo potentials. Here, we show an updated lens model based on improved constraints from the space-based data (blue and red) compared to t…
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Nordic Optical Telescope/ALFOSC monitoring of the three brightest images of COOL J1153A (blue circles: A1; green: A2, offset by -0.7 mag for clarity; red: A3). As the monitoring continues, the time delay of the quasar images will become measurable. COOL J1153B lacks s…
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: We report that COOL J1153+0755 is detected in archival ALMA data. Left: ALMA Band 7 shows > 4σ detections of COOL J1153A and COOL J1153B. Right: ALMA Band 6 shows a detection of COOL J1153B and a non-detection of COOL J1153A. An enlarged inset panel is provided to sho…
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Enlarged panels of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_15.png]
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: LDSS3 spectrum of COOL J1153A centered on the Mg ii] λλ 2796, 2803 doublet. Multiple absorbers are seen along the line of sight. We fit a broad doublet Voigt profile at the redshift of the quasar and the line-of-sight absorbers as Gaussian profiles. Each component of …
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: FIRE spectrum of COOL J1153B at z = 1.939 (image B1) showing the Hα and [N ii] emission lines. We simulta￾neously fit Hα, [N ii] λλ6548,6583, and [O iii] λ5007 using two approaches: (a) single Gaussian profiles for each line with tied velocity widths, and (b) Hα model…
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: FIRE spectrum (same as in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_18.png]
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: Corner plot of the ground-based lens model showing posterior distributions of nine of the parameters for the 2000 model samples derived from 10 Markov chains and 200 iterations. We indicate the best-fit model values (red) and median values (yellow) of the posterior di…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

138 extracted references · 138 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package

    The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f , archivePrefix =. 1801.02634 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f

  2. [4]

    Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets

    Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets. , keywords =. 2018. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacea9 , archivePrefix =. 1807.01263 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacea9 2018

  3. [5]

    X-ray Scattering Echoes and Ghost Halos from the Intergalactic Medium: Relation to the nature of AGN variability

    X-Ray Scattering Echoes and Ghost Halos from the Intergalactic Medium: Relation to the Nature of AGN Variability. , keywords =. 2015. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/1/23 , archivePrefix =. 1503.01475 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/805/1/23 2015

  4. [6]

    , keywords =

    The 2013 Release of Cloudy. , keywords =. 2013

    work page 2013

  5. [7]

    1989", month =

    T _ E X and LAT _ E X Macro Definition Files for Astronomical Publications. , year = "1989", month = "Mar", pages =

    work page 1989

  6. [8]

    LaTeX: A Document Preparation System. 1994

    work page 1994

  7. [9]

    Quasi-periodic Fast Propagating Magnetoacoustic Waves during the Magnetic Reconnection Between Solar Coronal Loops

    Quasi-periodic Fast Propagating Magnetoacoustic Waves during the Magnetic Reconnection Between Solar Coronal Loops. , keywords =. 2018. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaf167 , archivePrefix =. 1811.08553 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review arXiv doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaf167 2018

  8. [10]

    Nominal values for selected solar and planetary quantities: IAU 2015 Resolution B3

    Nominal Values for Selected Solar and Planetary Quantities: IAU 2015 Resolution B3. , keywords =. 2016. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41 , archivePrefix =. 1605.09788 , primaryClass =

    work page Pith review arXiv doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41 2015

Show all 138 references
  1. [11]

    Swift X-Ray Observations of Classical Novae. II. The Super Soft Source Sample. , keywords =. 2011. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/31 , archivePrefix =. 1110.6224 , primaryClass =

    2011 doi arXiv

  2. [12]

    , keywords =

    Galaxy Emission Line Classification Using Three-dimensional Line Ratio Diagrams. , keywords =. 2014. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/127 , archivePrefix =. 1406.5186 , primaryClass =

    2014 doi arXiv

  3. [13]

    New Journal of Physics , keywords =

    A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters. New Journal of Physics , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/12/447 , archivePrefix =. 0706.0048 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  4. [14]

    , keywords =

    Absorption by Highly Ionized Interstellar Gas Along Extragalactic and Galactic Sight Lines. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/118427 , adsurl =

    doi

  5. [15]

    A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection. I. The Algorithm. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/301557 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0004092 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  6. [16]

    , keywords =

    CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834156 , archivePrefix =. 1811.03094 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  7. [17]

    Instrumentation in astronomy VI , year = 1986, editor =

    The IRAF Data Reduction and Analysis System. Instrumentation in astronomy VI , year = 1986, editor =. doi:10.1117/12.968154 , adsurl =

    1986 doi

  8. [18]

    Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems II , year = 1993, editor =

    IRAF in the Nineties. Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems II , year = 1993, editor =

    1993

  9. [19]

    , keywords =

    The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-forming Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/308692 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9911459 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  10. [20]

    , keywords =

    A Two-parameter Model for the Infrared/Submillimeter/Radio Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/83 , archivePrefix =. 1402.1495 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  11. [21]

    , keywords =

    3D radiative transfer modelling of the dusty tori around active galactic nuclei as a clumpy two-phase medium. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19775.x , archivePrefix =. 1109.1286 , primaryClass =

    2011 doi

  12. [22]

    , keywords =

    The dust covering factor in active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw444 , archivePrefix =. 1602.06954 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  13. [23]

    Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium

  14. [24]

    , keywords =

    The host galaxies of active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07154.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0304239 , primaryClass =

    2003 doi

  15. [25]

    , keywords =

    Classification parameters for the emission-line spectra of extragalactic objects. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/130766 , adsurl =

    doi

  16. [26]

    Discovery of COOL J0335-1927, a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 3.27 with an Image Separation of 23.″3

    COOL-LAMPS. Discovery of COOL J0335-1927, a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 3.27 with an Image Separation of 23.″3. , keywords =. 2023a , month = sep, volume =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf132 , archivePrefix =. 2305.14317 , primaryClass =

    1927 doi

  17. [27]

    , keywords =

    SDSS J1029+2623: A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar with an Image Separation of 22.5''. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/510671 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0611275 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  18. [28]

    , keywords =

    SDSS J2222+2745: A Gravitationally Lensed Sextuple Quasar with a Maximum Image Separation of 15.''1 Discovered in the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/773/2/146 , archivePrefix =. 1211.1091 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  19. [29]

    , keywords =

    A gravitationally lensed quasar with quadruple images separated by 14.62arcseconds. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature02153 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0312427 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  20. [30]

    , keywords =

    SDSS J0909+4449: A large-separation strongly lensed quasar at z 2.8 with three images. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly174 , archivePrefix =. 1809.07337 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  21. [31]

    , keywords =

    Catalogues of active galactic nuclei from Gaia and unWISE data. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2487 , archivePrefix =. 1909.02010 , primaryClass =

    1909 doi

  22. [32]

    COOL-LAMPS. III. Discovery of a 25.″9 Separation Quasar Lensed by a Merging Galaxy Cluster. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbe39 , archivePrefix =. 2209.03972 , primaryClass =

    doi

  23. [33]

    , keywords =

    Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d , archivePrefix =. 1804.08657 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  24. [34]

    The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. I. Candidate Selection Algorithm. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/506019 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0605571 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  25. [35]

    The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =

    The Million Quasars (Milliquas) Catalogue, v8. The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =. doi:10.21105/astro.2308.01505 , archivePrefix =. 2308.01505 , primaryClass =

    doi

  26. [36]

    , keywords =

    Nine lensed quasars and quasar pairs discovered through spatially extended variability in Pan-STARRS. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347598 , archivePrefix =. 2307.13729 , primaryClass =

    doi

  27. [37]

    New quasar lenses from double component fitting

    The STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2016 follow-up campaign - II. New quasar lenses from double component fitting. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2172 , archivePrefix =. 1805.12151 , primaryClass =

    2016 doi arXiv

  28. [38]

    150 new lenses, quasar pairs, and projected quasars

    Gravitationally lensed quasars in Gaia - IV. 150 new lenses, quasar pairs, and projected quasars. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3721 , archivePrefix =. 2206.07714 , primaryClass =

    doi

  29. [39]

    22 new lensed quasars from Gaia data release 2

    Gravitationally lensed quasars in Gaia - III. 22 new lensed quasars from Gaia data release 2. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3366 , archivePrefix =. 1810.04480 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  30. [40]

    Euclid preparation. I. The Euclid Wide Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141938 , archivePrefix =. 2108.01201 , primaryClass =

    doi

  31. [41]

    , keywords =

    What does strong gravitational lensing? The mass and redshift distribution of high-magnification lenses. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1429 , archivePrefix =. 2002.01479 , primaryClass =

    2002 doi

  32. [42]

    The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =

    A halo model approach for mock catalogs of time-variable strong gravitational lenses. The Open Journal of Astrophysics , keywords =. doi:10.33232/001c.128482 , archivePrefix =. 2411.07509 , primaryClass =

    doi

  33. [43]

    , keywords =

    Probing coherence in metal absorption towards multiple images of strong gravitationally lensed quasars. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae048 , archivePrefix =. 2401.03024 , primaryClass =

    doi

  34. [44]

    , keywords =

    Absorption-based circumgalactic medium line emission estimates. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2390 , archivePrefix =. 2202.11121 , primaryClass =

    doi

  35. [45]

    , year = 1964, month = jan, volume =

    On the possibility of determining Hubble's parameter and the masses of galaxies from the gravitational lens effect. , year = 1964, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1093/mnras/128.4.307 , adsurl =

    1964 doi

  36. [46]

    , keywords =

    Hubble Constant Measurement from Three Large-separation Quasars Strongly Lensed by Galaxy Clusters. , keywords =. 2023b , month = dec, volume =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad045a , archivePrefix =. 2301.11240 , primaryClass =

    doi

  37. [47]

    A 2.4 per cent measurement of H _ 0 from lensed quasars: 5.3 tension between early- and late-Universe probes

    H0LiCOW - XIII. A 2.4 per cent measurement of H _ 0 from lensed quasars: 5.3 tension between early- and late-Universe probes. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3094 , archivePrefix =. 1907.04869 , primaryClass =

    1907 doi

  38. [48]

    COOL-LAMPS. VIII. Known Wide-separation Lensed Quasars and Their Host Galaxies Reveal a Lack of Evolution in M _ BH /M _ Since z 3. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/addabf , archivePrefix =. 2408.03379 , primaryClass =

    doi

  39. [49]

    , keywords =

    The UV-Mid-IR Spectral Energy Distribution of a z = 1.7 Quasar Host Galaxy. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/472 , archivePrefix =. 0904.1708 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  40. [50]

    , keywords =

    The Black Hole Mass of the z = 2.805 Multiply Imaged Quasar SDSS J2222+2745 from Velocity-resolved Time Lags of the C IV Emission Line. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe943 , archivePrefix =. 2011.02007 , primaryClass =

    2011 doi

  41. [51]

    , keywords =

    Dynamical Modeling of the C IV Broad Line Region of the z = 2.805 Multiply Imaged Quasar SDSS J2222+2745. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac081b , archivePrefix =. 2103.10961 , primaryClass =

    doi

  42. [52]

    , keywords =

    Spatially Resolved Patchy Ly Emission within the Central Kiloparsec of a Strongly Lensed Quasar Host Galaxy at z = 2.8. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa831a , archivePrefix =. 1708.00453 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  43. [53]

    , keywords =

    SExtractor: Software for source extraction. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/aas:1996164 , adsurl =

    doi

  44. [54]

    and Millman, K

    Harris, Charles R. and Millman, K. Jarrod and van der Walt, St. Array programming with NumPy , url =. Nature , number =. 2020 , bdsk-url-1 =. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2 , id =

    2020 doi

  45. [55]

    Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =

    Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment. Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55 , adsurl =

    2007 doi

  46. [56]

    Nature Methods , keywords =

    SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nature Methods , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2 , archivePrefix =. 1907.10121 , primaryClass =

    1907 doi

  47. [57]

    , keywords =

    Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322068 , archivePrefix =. 1307.6212 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  48. [58]

    SAOImage DS9: A utility for displaying astronomical images in the X11 window environment

  49. [59]

    , keywords =

    The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/301513 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0006396 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  50. [60]

    , keywords =

    Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7567 , archivePrefix =. 1703.00052 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  51. [61]

    , keywords =

    The MOSDEF Survey: Electron Density and Ionization Parameter at z -0.5ex 2.3. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/23 , archivePrefix =. 1509.03636 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  52. [62]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Lectures on Gravitational Lensing. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9606001 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9606001 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  53. [63]

    , keywords =

    A new formulation of gravitational lens theory, time-delay, and Fermat's principle. , keywords =

  54. [64]

    , keywords =

    LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c , archivePrefix =. 0805.2366 , primaryClass =

    doi

  55. [65]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    PypeIt: The Python Spectroscopic Data Reduction Pipeline. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. 2020a , month = may, eid =

  56. [66]

    Xavier Prochaska and Joseph F

    J. Xavier Prochaska and Joseph F. Hennawi and Kyle B. Westfall and Ryan J. Cooke and Feige Wang and Tiffany Hsyu and Frederick B. Davies and Emanuele Paolo Farina and Debora Pelliccia , title =. 2020b , publisher =. doi:10.21105/joss.02308 , url =

    doi

  57. [67]

    2020c , month = apr, eid =

    pypeit/PypeIt: Release 1.0.0. 2020c , month = apr, eid =. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3743493 , version =

    doi

  58. [68]

    , keywords =

    Spectral Classification of Emission-Line Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191166 , adsurl =

    doi

  59. [69]

    , keywords =

    Pseudo elliptical lensing mass model: Application to the NFW mass distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020639 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0112138 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  60. [70]

    PySpecKit: Python Spectroscopic Toolkit

  61. [71]

    , keywords =

    Pyspeckit: A Spectroscopic Analysis and Plotting Package. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac695a , archivePrefix =. 2205.04987 , primaryClass =

    doi

  62. [72]

    , keywords =

    ALMA 1.3 mm Survey of Lensed Submillimeter Galaxies Selected by Herschel: Discovery of Spatially Extended SMGs and Implications. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd6e4 , archivePrefix =. 2101.03677 , primaryClass =

    doi

  63. [73]

    , year = 2011, month = mar, volume =

    IMACS: The Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph on Magellan-Baade. , year = 2011, month = mar, volume =. doi:10.1086/658908 , adsurl =

    2011 doi

  64. [74]

    Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =

    Jupyter-Enabled Astrophysical Analysis Using Data-Proximate Computing Platforms. Computing in Science and Engineering , keywords =. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2021.3057097 , archivePrefix =. 2104.06527 , primaryClass =

    2021 doi

  65. [75]

    , keywords =

    The host galaxies and classification of active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10859.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0605681 , primaryClass =

    2006 doi

  66. [76]

    , keywords =

    Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051832 , archivePrefix =. 1910.09730 , primaryClass =

    1910 doi

  67. [77]

    , keywords =

    Observational evidence for AGN feedback in early-type galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12487.x , archivePrefix =. 0709.3015 , primaryClass =

    2007 doi

  68. [78]

    , keywords =

    Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/321545 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0106324 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  69. [79]

    , keywords =

    The Gaia mission. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629272 , archivePrefix =. 1609.04153 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  70. [80]

    Summary of the content and survey properties

    Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 , archivePrefix =. 2208.00211 , primaryClass =

    doi

  71. [81]

    , keywords =

    The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/498708 , adsurl =

    doi

  72. [82]

    , year = 2013, month = jun, volume =

    FourStar: The Near-Infrared Imager for the 6.5 m Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. , year = 2013, month = jun, volume =. doi:10.1086/671164 , adsurl =

    2013 doi

  73. [83]

    , keywords =

    The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e , archivePrefix =. 1912.02905 , primaryClass =

    1912 doi

  74. [84]

    Mg II Absorbers in High-resolution Quasar Spectra. I. Voigt Profile Models. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abbb34 , archivePrefix =. 2008.08487 , primaryClass =

    2008 doi

  75. [85]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Where is the matter in the Merging Cluster Abell 2218?. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.0710.5636 , archivePrefix =. 0710.5636 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  76. [86]

    , keywords =

    Multi-Sightline Observation of Narrow Absorption Lines in Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/25 , archivePrefix =. 1605.04775 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  77. [87]

    , keywords =

    Resolving the Clumpy Structure of the Outflow Winds in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/794/2/L20 , archivePrefix =. 1410.0791 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  78. [88]

    , keywords =

    Spectroscopy along Multiple, Lensed Sight Lines through Outflowing Winds in the Quasar SDSS J1029+2623. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/48 , archivePrefix =. 1212.6689 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  79. [89]

    , keywords =

    Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/340952 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0204182 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  80. [90]

    Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2097 , archivePrefix =. 0912.0731 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  81. [91]

    and Elvis, Martin , urldate =

    Hopkins, Philip F. and Elvis, Martin , urldate =. Quasar feedback: more bang for your buck , volume =. 2010 , langid =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15643.x , shorttitle =

    2010 doi

  82. [92]

    CARTA: Cube Analysis and Rendering Tool for Astronomy

  83. [93]

    doi:10.26131/IRSA1 , adsurl =

    AllWISE Source Catalog. doi:10.26131/IRSA1 , adsurl =

    doi

  84. [94]

    , keywords =

    unWISE: Unblurred Coadds of the WISE Imaging. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/108 , archivePrefix =. 1405.0308 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  85. [95]

    , keywords =

    Full-depth Coadds of the WISE and First-year NEOWISE-reactivation Images. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/38 , archivePrefix =. 1603.05664 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  86. [96]

    , keywords =

    Deep Full-sky Coadds from Three Years of WISE and NEOWISE Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa894e , archivePrefix =. 1705.06746 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  87. [97]

    doi:10.5281/zenodo.3377984 , version =

    CARTA: The Cube Analysis and Rendering Tool for Astronomy. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3377984 , version =

    doi

  88. [98]

    Griffin, M. J. and Abergel, A. and Abreu, A. and Ade, P. A. R. and André, P. and Augueres, J.-L. and Babbedge, T. and Bae, Y. and Baillie, T. and Baluteau, J.-P. and Barlow, M. J. and Bendo, G. and Benielli, D. and Bock, J. J. and Bonhomme, P. and Brisbin, D. and Brockley-Blat...

    2010 doi arXiv

  89. [99]

    , keywords =

    Spectroscopic identification of type 2 quasars at z < 1 in SDSS-III/BOSS. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1747 , archivePrefix =. 1606.04976 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  90. [100]

    , keywords =

    An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/509629 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0605678 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  91. [101]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope: 100 Hubbles for the 2020s. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1902.05569 , archivePrefix =. 1902.05569 , primaryClass =

    1902 doi arXiv

  92. [102]

    Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II , year = 2008, editor =

    FIRE: a near-infrared cross-dispersed echellette spectrometer for the Magellan telescopes. Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II , year = 2008, editor =. doi:10.1117/12.790414 , adsurl =

    2008 doi

  93. [103]

    , keywords =

    Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/376392 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0304382 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  94. [104]

    , keywords =

    To use or not to use synthetic stellar spectra in population synthesis models?. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3023 , archivePrefix =. 1910.11902 , primaryClass =

    1910 doi

  95. [105]

    , keywords =

    Constraining the mass distribution of galaxies using galaxy-galaxy lensing in clusters and in the field. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08449.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0405607 , primaryClass =

    2004 doi

  96. [106]

    , keywords =

    Gravitational lensing effects of supermassive black holes in cluster environments. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3098 , archivePrefix =. 2201.10900 , primaryClass =

    doi

  97. [107]

    , keywords =

    Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Fifth Image of SDSS J1004+4112 and Implications for the M _ BH -- _ * Relation at z = 0.68. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/60.5.L27 , archivePrefix =. 0808.1769 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  98. [108]

    , keywords =

    Abell 1201: detection of an ultramassive black hole in a strong gravitational lens. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad587 , archivePrefix =. 2303.15514 , primaryClass =

    doi

  99. [109]

    COOL-LAMPS. I. An Extraordinarily Bright Lensed Galaxy at Redshift 5.04. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abcb86 , archivePrefix =. 2011.06601 , primaryClass =

    2011 doi

  100. [110]

    , keywords =

    The CASSOWARY spectroscopy survey: a new sample of gravitationally lensed galaxies in SDSS. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1624 , archivePrefix =. 1302.2663 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  101. [111]

    , keywords =

    Lens Model and Time Delay Predictions for the Sextuply Lensed Quasar SDSS J2222+2745. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/5 , archivePrefix =. 1609.08848 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  102. [112]

    , keywords =

    Constraints on the relative sizes of intervening Mg II-absorbing clouds and quasar emitting regions. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219326 , archivePrefix =. 1211.4777 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  103. [113]

    , keywords =

    Optically thin spatially resolved Mg II emission maps the escape of ionizing photons. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2470 , archivePrefix =. 2008.06059 , primaryClass =

    2008 doi

  104. [114]

    , keywords =

    PEARLS: Discovery of Point-source Features within Galaxies in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6d5e , archivePrefix =. 2404.10709 , primaryClass =

    doi

  105. [115]

    An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy

    Herschel Space Observatory. An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014759 , archivePrefix =. 1005.5331 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  106. [116]

    , keywords =

    Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-Square-Degree SPT-SZ Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/216/2/27 , archivePrefix =. 1409.0850 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  107. [117]

    , keywords =

    The Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS): Overview. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014696 , archivePrefix =. 1005.3820 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  108. [118]

    , keywords =

    [OII] line ratios. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2005.00119.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0510099 , primaryClass =

    2005 doi

  109. [119]

    , keywords =

    The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039313 , archivePrefix =. 2010.03477 , primaryClass =

    2010 doi

  110. [120]

    First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere

    The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347165 , archivePrefix =. 2401.17274 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  111. [121]

    , keywords =

    Fitting AGN/Galaxy X-Ray-to-radio SEDs with CIGALE and Improvement of the Code. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4971 , archivePrefix =. 2201.03718 , primaryClass =

    doi

  112. [122]

    , keywords =

    Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0309134 , primaryClass =

    2003 doi

  113. [123]

    , year = 1955, month = jan, volume =

    The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution. , year = 1955, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1086/145971 , adsurl =

    1955 doi

  114. [124]

    and Charlot, S

    Bruzual, G. and Charlot, S. , year =. Stellar population synthesis models , url =

  115. [125]

    Radiative transfer calculations for a hydrostatic torus model

    Towards a physical model of dust tori in Active Galactic Nuclei. Radiative transfer calculations for a hydrostatic torus model. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042363 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0504105 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  116. [126]

    , keywords =

    Andromeda's Dust. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/172 , archivePrefix =. 1306.2304 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  117. [127]

    , keywords =

    Far-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting for galaxies near and far. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21455.x , archivePrefix =. 1206.1595 , primaryClass =

    2012 doi

  118. [128]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    How To Use Thermal Dust Continuum Emission To Measure The Physical Properties Of Dusty Astrophysical Objects. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2601.10989 , archivePrefix =. 2601.10989 , primaryClass =

    doi

  119. [129]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    JWST Catches a Strongly Gravitationally Lensed AGN In Transition from Type II to Type I. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.10376 , archivePrefix =. 2510.10376 , primaryClass =

    doi

  120. [130]

    , keywords =

    Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the H Emission Line. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/431897 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0508335 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  121. [131]

    , keywords =

    Quasar evolution derived from the Palomar bright quasar survey and other complete quasar surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/161048 , adsurl =

    doi

  122. [132]

    , keywords =

    Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3116 , archivePrefix =. 1911.02101 , primaryClass =

    1911 doi

  123. [133]

    H _ 0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: program overview

    H0LiCOW - I. H _ 0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: program overview. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx483 , archivePrefix =. 1607.00017 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  124. [134]

    Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910 , archivePrefix =. 1807.06209 , primaryClass =

    2018 doi arXiv

  125. [135]

    , keywords =

    A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km s ^ -1 Mpc ^ -1 Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac5c5b , archivePrefix =. 2112.04510 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  126. [136]

    COSMOS: Carnegie Observatories System for MultiObject Spectroscopy

  127. [137]

    , keywords =

    The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/422992 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0406223 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  128. [138]

    , keywords =

    Discovery of a Fifth Image of the Large Separation Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/57.3.L7 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0503310 , primaryClass =

    doi arXiv

  129. [139]

    Anthropic Website , howpublished =

    Anthropic , title =. Anthropic Website , howpublished =. 2025 , publisher =

    2025

  130. [140]

    , keywords =

    Semisupervised learning for lensed quasar detection. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stag445 , archivePrefix =. 2504.00054 , primaryClass =

    doi

Pith tools

Reviewed May 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.