A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
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abstract
We have modeled a large sample of infrared starburst galaxies using both the PEGASE v2.0 and STARBURST99 codes to generate the spectral energy distribution of the young star clusters. PEGASE utilizes the Padova group tracks while STARBURST99 uses the Geneva group tracks, allowing comparison between the two. We used our MAPPINGS III code to compute photoionization models which include a self-consistent treatment of dust physics and chemical depletion. We use the standard optical diagnostic diagrams as indicators of the hardness of the EUV radiation field in these galaxies. These diagnostic diagrams are most sensitive to the spectral index of the ionizing radiation field in the 1-4 Rydberg region. We find that warm infrared starburst galaxies contain a relatively hard EUV field in this region. The PEGASE ionizing stellar continuum is harder in the 1-4 Rydberg range than that of STARBURST99. As the spectrum in this regime is dominated by emission from Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars, this difference is most likely due to the differences in stellar atmosphere models used for the W-R stars. We believe that the stellar atmospheres in STARBURST99 are more applicable to the starburst galaxies in our sample, however they do not produce the hard EUV field in the 1-4 Rydberg region required by our observations. The inclusion of continuum metal blanketing in the models may be one solution. Supernova remnant (SNR) shock modeling shows that the contribution by mechanical energy from SNRs to the photoionization models is << 20%. The models presented here are used to derive a new theoretical classification scheme for starbursts and AGN galaxies based on the optical diagnostic diagrams.
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representative citing papers
Spectroscopic data indicate that the ionized gas in ORC4's central galaxy is shock-ionized by a wind associated with the radio ring's formation.
A new sample of 157 mid-IR dual AGN candidates in mergers yields 13 confirmed cases and 63 strong candidates at separations 14.5-129 kpc, over half beyond 50 kpc, with diverse BPT classes and 31% in multi-mergers.
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
Spatially-resolved spectroscopy detects AGNs in 4-9% of low-mass galaxies, higher than single-fiber rates because it catches extended emission missed by central-point observations.
Accreting X-ray sources cannot supply enough EUV photons to account for He III regions in metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies.
New NIR diagnostic diagrams using [C I]/Paγ and H2 1-0 O(5)/PAH 3.3μm ratios correlate with radiation field hardness and distinguish star formation, AGN, and shock excitation in galaxy nuclei.
Low-luminosity AGN exhibit optical variability structure function slopes that increase with black hole mass from ~0.1 to ~0.3, with amplitude anticorrelated with luminosity, no breaks observed, and variability continuing to rise on 20-year timescales.
No kilonova detected from sub-solar GW candidate S251112cm, but coincident IIb supernova SN 2025adtq yields suggestive evidence for the superkilonova channel, though inconclusive after accounting for chance coincidence.
The Galactic Center Lobe is a foreground HII region at ~2 kpc, photoionized and forming a closed outer loop, not a Galactic center feature.
HyLight is a new atomic model computing hydrogen recombination line emissivities from local physical conditions, matching Cloudy predictions to within 1% for typical photoionized nebulae.
A new sample of 930 IMBH AGNs at z up to 0.57 is compiled from SDSS, with preliminary evidence of declining maximum accretion rates and Hα luminosities toward lower redshifts.
Local compact AGN-hosting dwarf galaxies with V-shaped SEDs are more evolved than high-redshift Little Red Dots, indicating distinct formation pathways.
Binary fractions in elliptical galaxies remain approximately flat with radius once stellar population variations are subtracted, showing less than 5% change at one effective radius for nearly all galaxies studied.
Multi-epoch spectroscopy of UNAM-KIAS 613 shows transient double-peaked broad Hα emission interpreted as a one-time bipolar outflow in an isolated low-luminosity AGN with Eddington ratio ~0.03-0.04.
MAUVE-MUSE finds Virgo cluster disks have elevated [N II]/Hα, [S II]/Hα and [O III]/Hβ ratios plus broader kinematics because star formation is suppressed, leaving diffuse ionized gas dominant instead of widespread direct environmental excitation.
VLA radio-selected LLAGN show 84% optical, 63% X-ray, and 13% infrared detection rates, with black holes ~0.7 dex smaller, accretion rates ~4.2 dex lower, and host galaxies ~0.3 dex lower in stellar mass with ~0.5 dex suppressed star formation than Swift-BAT AGN.
A single galaxy cluster lenses two quasars (one Type I at z=1.524, one dust-obscured Type II at z=1.939) into four images each, yielding a projected mass of ~3.3e14 solar masses within 500 kpc and time delays of hundreds to over 1000 days.
Random Forest regression on combined optical plus mid-infrared colors yields NMAD of 0.0188, R-squared of 0.9561, and 0.294 percent outliers for photometric redshifts in 23,797 Seyfert II galaxies selected from SDSS and WISE.
Panchromatic SED modeling yields SFRs with smaller offset and scatter than optical-only fits for starburst to post-starburst galaxies, while Prospector AGN torus models distinguish AGN but underpredict luminosities by an order of magnitude.
Strong bars correlate with massive red galaxies, boost central star formation in low-mass systems while quenching it in high-mass ones, and increase AGN incidence, supporting bar-driven gas inflow.
42 supernova remnants confirmed in NGC3344 via [S II]/Hα selection, Sabbadin plots, BPT diagrams and shock models from SITELLE data.
GAMA 376183 is a rare Eddington-limited heavily obscured AGN in a merging low-mass galaxy, triggered by the merger and identified via strong [Ne V] emission.
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Optical Variability Structure Function of Low-Luminosity AGN using ATLAS Lightcurves
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