First detection of Hα emission from KELT-9 b's escaping atmosphere shows double-peaked profile with self-absorption, indicating vigorous outflow with mass-loss rate above 10^13 g/s.
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First JWST spectroscopy of GJ 504 b detects multiple molecules, retrieves atmospheric parameters including super-solar metallicity, and finds tentative support for planet-like formation.
GWTC-5.0 adds 161 new compact binary coalescence candidates from O4b with p_astro >= 0.5, detailed properties for 104, all binary black holes, for a cumulative total of 390.
RICA replaces ICA's global generative model with local Riemannian geometry, introducing a disentanglement tensor based on the Hessian of the log-likelihood and Ricci curvature to measure pointwise disentanglement, which recovers sources across manifolds in controlled tests.
Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
A glovebox robotic lab with agentic LLM reasoning synthesized 352 lithium halide spinel samples, covering 72% of possible metal combinations and raising the rate of good ionic conductors from 1.33% to 5.33% over the campaign.
JWST nebular spectra detect cooling ~400 K carbonaceous dust emission in normal SN Ia 2023qov at +276 and +363 days, modeled as pre-existing circumstellar dust with mass ~10^{-4} M_sun located within ~1 light year.
Two young low-mass stars show solar C/O ratios while their inner disks are hydrocarbon-rich with C/O greater than one, providing direct evidence that disk processes enhance inner-disk carbon.
Quantitative Bayesian inference using a deep-learning emulator detects 0.018-0.020 M_sun of helium in the Type Ic supernova 2014L.
JWST mid-IR observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS yield the first direct methane detection and confirm strongly enhanced CO2:H2O mixing ratios relative to solar system comets.
First analytic nuclear gradients derived and implemented for BSE@G0W0, validated on excited-state geometries and adiabatic energies against wavefunction benchmarks.
Rectified flow learns straight-path neural ODEs for distribution transport, yielding efficient generative models and domain transfers that work well even with a single simulation step.
Milky Way globular clusters formed with initial half-mass densities of ~10^6.4 M_sun/pc^3, bottom-light IMFs, and small present-day black hole mass fractions, inferred by coupling rapid evolution models with multimass equilibrium models fitted to present-day observations.
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
Effortless reconstructs Roman images 50–60× faster than Imcom; one calibrated single-image output beats ~6 coadded Imcom images on ideal point-source moments.
Differentiable FEA (coil-fem) enables joint optimization of stellarator coil geometry and support clamps, yielding ~2.4× lower RMS von Mises stress at similar field error versus a fixed-support baseline.
JWST/NIRSpec data on SN 2024uj reveal complex He I emission overlapping central Ca and O, plus CO and dust, favoring a thermonuclear origin from low-mass white dwarfs.
JWST phase curves of ZTFJ0038+2030 show inefficient heat redistribution (<10%) and nightside CO2 asymmetry in a tidally locked brown dwarf, yielding a system age of 7.5-8.8 Gyr and low common-envelope ejection efficiency.
HO-FNO extends standard FNO with n-linear spectral mixing and shows improved accuracy on nonlinear PDE benchmarks, sometimes with a single layer beating deeper FNO models.
Discovery of detached post-Algol eclipsing binaries in the LMC with measured subgiant Roche-lobe fill factors of 73-89% that match the predicted TAMS contraction phase between Case A and Case AB mass transfer.
Defines a sample of ~1300 SDSS quasars as Local Red Dots matching LRD photometric colors at z~0.4-0.8, with a V-shaped subset showing Balmer absorption and [NeV] emission, and SEDs modeled as reddened AGN plus host galaxy that match LRD stacks.
A flare in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783 shows the Neupert effect—hard X-rays tracking the derivative of soft X-rays—providing the first observational evidence of magnetic reconnection in an AGN corona.
First quantitative JWST study of weak ice bands in 21 protostars finds CH4 likely dominant at 7.67 um and HCOO- plus other COMs at 7.24/7.40 um, indicating ubiquity of complex ices.
Asteroseismic structure inversions can be performed in acoustic and buoyancy coordinates, overcoming breakdowns for non-solar stars and removing the need for prior mass and radius knowledge in p-mode cases.
citing papers explorer
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Hydrogen airglow from an escaping ultrahot Jupiter atmosphere
First detection of Hα emission from KELT-9 b's escaping atmosphere shows double-peaked profile with self-absorption, indicating vigorous outflow with mass-loss rate above 10^13 g/s.
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JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
First JWST spectroscopy of GJ 504 b detects multiple molecules, retrieves atmospheric parameters including super-solar metallicity, and finds tentative support for planet-like formation.
-
GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
GWTC-5.0 adds 161 new compact binary coalescence candidates from O4b with p_astro >= 0.5, detailed properties for 104, all binary black holes, for a cumulative total of 390.
-
Disentanglement Beyond Generative Models with Riemannian ICA
RICA replaces ICA's global generative model with local Riemannian geometry, introducing a disentanglement tensor based on the Hessian of the log-likelihood and Ricci curvature to measure pointwise disentanglement, which recovers sources across manifolds in controlled tests.
-
Other red dots: A possible GLIMPSE of normal AGB stars at Cosmic Noon through extreme lensing
Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
-
Agentic LLM Reasoning in a Self-Driving Laboratory for Air-Sensitive Lithium Halide Spinel Conductors
A glovebox robotic lab with agentic LLM reasoning synthesized 352 lithium halide spinel samples, covering 72% of possible metal combinations and raising the rate of good ionic conductors from 1.33% to 5.33% over the campaign.
-
JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova
JWST nebular spectra detect cooling ~400 K carbonaceous dust emission in normal SN Ia 2023qov at +276 and +363 days, modeled as pre-existing circumstellar dust with mass ~10^{-4} M_sun located within ~1 light year.
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A Chemical Mismatch Between Young Stars and Their Inner Disks
Two young low-mass stars show solar C/O ratios while their inner disks are hydrocarbon-rich with C/O greater than one, providing direct evidence that disk processes enhance inner-disk carbon.
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Traces of Helium Detected in Type Ic Supernova 2014L
Quantitative Bayesian inference using a deep-learning emulator detects 0.018-0.020 M_sun of helium in the Type Ic supernova 2014L.
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The Volatile Inventory of 3I/ATLAS as seen with JWST/MIRI
JWST mid-IR observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS yield the first direct methane detection and confirm strongly enhanced CO2:H2O mixing ratios relative to solar system comets.
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Fully Analytic Nuclear Gradients for the Bethe--Salpeter Equation
First analytic nuclear gradients derived and implemented for BSE@G0W0, validated on excited-state geometries and adiabatic energies against wavefunction benchmarks.
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Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow
Rectified flow learns straight-path neural ODEs for distribution transport, yielding efficient generative models and domain transfers that work well even with a single simulation step.
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Fast Dynamical Modelling of Milky Way Globular Clusters -- I. Implications for Initial Cluster Densities
Milky Way globular clusters formed with initial half-mass densities of ~10^6.4 M_sun/pc^3, bottom-light IMFs, and small present-day black hole mass fractions, inferred by coupling rapid evolution models with multimass equilibrium models fitted to present-day observations.
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Mitigating Charge Migration in JWST NIRISS Reveals That KELT-7 b is a Metal-enriched Ultra-hot Jupiter Orbiting a Young Metal-rich Star
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
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Efficient Optimal Image Reconstruction for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and Beyond: I. First Results with {\sc Effortless}
Effortless reconstructs Roman images 50–60× faster than Imcom; one calibrated single-image output beats ~6 coadded Imcom images on ideal point-source moments.
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Towards joint optimization of stellarator coils and support structures
Differentiable FEA (coil-fem) enables joint optimization of stellarator coil geometry and support clamps, yielding ~2.4× lower RMS von Mises stress at similar field error versus a fixed-support baseline.
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JWST Observations of Calcium-Strong Transients: I. Complex Nebular He Emission in SN 2024uj
JWST/NIRSpec data on SN 2024uj reveal complex He I emission overlapping central Ca and O, plus CO and dust, favoring a thermonuclear origin from low-mass white dwarfs.
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Asymmetric nightside CO2 features, inefficient heat transport, and precise evolutionary constraints: Spectroscopic phase curves reveal the past and present of a white dwarf-brown dwarf binary
JWST phase curves of ZTFJ0038+2030 show inefficient heat redistribution (<10%) and nightside CO2 asymmetry in a tidally locked brown dwarf, yielding a system age of 7.5-8.8 Gyr and low common-envelope ejection efficiency.
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Higher-Order Fourier Neural Operator: Explicit Mode Mixer for Nonlinear PDEs
HO-FNO extends standard FNO with n-linear spectral mixing and shows improved accuracy on nonlinear PDE benchmarks, sometimes with a single layer beating deeper FNO models.
-
Detached Post-Algol Eclipsing Binaries Caught Between Case A and Case AB Mass Transfer
Discovery of detached post-Algol eclipsing binaries in the LMC with measured subgiant Roche-lobe fill factors of 73-89% that match the predicted TAMS contraction phase between Case A and Case AB mass transfer.
-
A Population of Little Red Dot-like Quasars in SDSS
Defines a sample of ~1300 SDSS quasars as Local Red Dots matching LRD photometric colors at z~0.4-0.8, with a V-shaped subset showing Balmer absorption and [NeV] emission, and SEDs modeled as reddened AGN plus host galaxy that match LRD stacks.
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Observation of A Solar Like Magnetic Reconnection Event in an AGN Corona with XRISM
A flare in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783 shows the Neupert effect—hard X-rays tracking the derivative of soft X-rays—providing the first observational evidence of magnetic reconnection in an AGN corona.
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Probing the ubiquity of complex ices in protostars with JWST: the first systematic quantification of weak ice bands between 6.8 and 7.9 micron
First quantitative JWST study of weak ice bands in 21 protostars finds CH4 likely dominant at 7.67 um and HCOO- plus other COMs at 7.24/7.40 um, indicating ubiquity of complex ices.
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Can Asteroseismic Structure Inversions Be Performed in Structure-Dependent Coordinates?
Asteroseismic structure inversions can be performed in acoustic and buoyancy coordinates, overcoming breakdowns for non-solar stars and removing the need for prior mass and radius knowledge in p-mode cases.
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First measurement of narrow-line flux ratios for a lensed quasar with JWST/NIRSpec IFS
First narrow-line flux ratios for lensed quasar RXJ1131-1231 measured with JWST/NIRSpec IFS at ~5% precision, detecting cusp anomaly consistent with prior work.
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Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
Direct imaging over 11 years confirms β Pictoris d as a ~2.4 MJup, ~600 K bound companion at ~26 au, coplanar with b and c and consistent with sculpting the debris-disk inner edge.
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C, N, O, S, and photochemistry in a temperate giant planet orbiting a late M dwarf
Transit spectrum of TOI-6894b indicates 3-10x solar metallicity with solar C/O, N/O, and S/O ratios, similar to Jupiter and Saturn.
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Discovering a well-conditioned analytic continuation problem via dictionary learning
RSOM applies dictionary learning to discover a sparse dictionary that conditions the analytic continuation inverse problem, yielding competitive results on synthetic tests and finite-temperature electron gas QMC data.
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Transit Timing Variations in TESS: A Catalog from the First Five Years
First TESS TTV catalog from 175 multi-TOI systems detects significant variations in 20 systems (13 new), showing 2:1 resonance pile-up unlike Kepler's 3:2.
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SpatialClaw: Rethinking Action Interface for Agentic Spatial Reasoning
SpatialClaw introduces a stateful code-based action interface for VLM agents that enables open-ended 3D/4D spatial reasoning, reporting 59.9% average accuracy on 20 benchmarks for an 11.2-point gain over prior spatial agents across six backbones.
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Multi-Epoch X-Ray Detection of SLSN-I 2018bsz: Constraints on the Powering Mechanism and Ejecta Structure
Multi-epoch X-ray observations of SLSN-I 2018bsz support ejecta-CSM interaction as the dominant X-ray powering mechanism rather than a central magnetar.
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Black Hole Polarimetry III: Universal Polarization of Synchrotron Radiation at the Horizon
Synchrotron polarization at the black hole horizon follows a universal pattern set solely by spin and inclination.
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Revealing the Origin of Desert Dwellers via Stellar Obliquities
Roche lobe overflow during gas giant destruction aligns stellar spins with orbits within tens of degrees regardless of starting conditions, offering an observable to differentiate this mechanism from high-eccentricity migration.
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Quo Vadis, Visual In-Context Learning? A Unified Benchmark Across Domains and Tasks
The paper constructs the VIBE benchmark and evaluates six visual in-context learning models on 14 datasets, 12 tasks, and 106 combinations under a unified one-shot protocol, revealing limitations and failure modes.
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Mapping Interstellar Ice Inventory toward Class 0 Protostars in Star-forming Region Orion A with JWST Data
First pixel-by-pixel JWST absorption maps of multiple ice species toward six Class 0 protostars reveal abundance variations from heating and outflows, with total composition matching prestellar formation models covering ~90% of inventory.
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Reframing the Wide Eccentric Binary Problem: Eccentricity as a Probe of Mass-transfer Physics
Eccentric mass transfer under the GeMT framework naturally yields the observed eccentricities and orbital-parameter correlations of wide sdB+MS binaries, making eccentricity a probe of mass-transfer physics.
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ERBench: A Benchmark and Testsuite for Equation Discovery Algorithms
ERBench is a new evaluation framework for symbolic regression that tests equation recovery robustness across dimensionality, sampling size, distribution, and domain using more groundtruth formulas than prior benchmarks.
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AIP: A Graph Representation for Learning and Governing Agent Skills
AIP models skills as graphs of discrete steps connected by typed I/O edges under a validated schema, raising agent mean reward from 0.60 to 0.71 and pass rate from 53% to 67% on 27 SkillsBench tasks while enabling node-level fixes.
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The Origin of Da Scaling: Suppressed Cooling in Fast-Cooling Mixing Layers
Ram-pressure suppression of interface folding in fast-cooling TRMLs produces Ė_cool ∝ Da^{1/4} scaling.
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Ceci n'est pas une Couche de M\'elange: The Meaning of Resolved Turbulent Radiative Mixing
The resolution independence of cooling rates in TRML simulations is an artifact of opposing numerical effects with no physical basis, and phase structure converges only when the turbulent Field length (where eddy turnover time equals cooling time) is resolved.
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KRONOS I: The $1{-}2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
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The Life and Death of Stars That Capture Primordial Black Holes
Primordial black holes captured by stars lead to either quiet consumption or explosive disruption via disk formation, producing transients and high-spin remnants with potentially observable event rates.
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Mergers Matter: Gravothermal Collapse in Dwarf Halos with Self-Interacting Dark Matter
SIDM simulations of dwarf halos show that quiescent merger histories produce gravothermal core collapse while sustained mergers prevent collapse and can yield central densities below gravothermal fluid model predictions.
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Regression on Regression: Mapping Data-Driven Binary Black Hole Merger Rate Fits to Progenitor Histories
Introduces regression on regression to fit physical parameters (τ_min, α, A, γ, δ) to GWTC-4 B-Spline merger rate posteriors, finding the progenitor formation rate evolves ~5.3 times steeper than the star formation rate at low z and exposing model misspecification.
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The First Detection of Sub-Populations in the Delay-Time Distribution of Binary Black Holes in GWTC-4 of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
GWTC-4 data reveals three sub-populations of binary black holes with distinct delay-time distributions that depend on mass above 45 solar masses, mass-ratio, and spin, ruling out a single universal merger rate.
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OCEANS of Absorption: High-resolution NIRSpec Spectroscopy Reveals Diverse Balmer-line Absorption in Little Red Dots
High-resolution spectra show Balmer absorption in 4/10 LRDs with blue-shifted velocities and exponential wings, supporting a model of co-located partial-covering gas with inflow/outflow gradients.
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Multivariate Distributional Reinforcement Learning Using Sliced Divergences
SDRL applies sliced projections of one-dimensional divergences (Wasserstein, Cramér, MMD) to multivariate return distributions in RL, with Bellman contraction proofs for scalar and general matrix discounting.
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Ejected Surface Regolith as a Potential Source Material for Centaur Rings
N-body simulations with Swiftest show that surface regolith ejected from ellipsoidal Centaurs can form captured proto-ring disks, with highest efficiency from equatorial avalanches.
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The strength of Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole X-ray binaries correlates with the jet inclination
Type-C QPO amplitudes correlate linearly with jet inclination up to 8 Hz in BH LMXBs, lower on decay than rise, reproducible by precessing hot flow if misalignment ≥10-15°.
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First-Principles Turbulence-Driven Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition Mechanism for Near-Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarf Progenitors
Global 3D hydrodynamical simulations show that a turbulence-driven deflagration-to-detonation transition produces nearly identical peak spectra across diverse ignition densities and topologies in near-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs, matching SN 1999aa.