RICA replaces ICA's global generative model with local Riemannian geometry, introducing a disentanglement tensor based on the Hessian of the log-likelihood and Ricci curvature to measure pointwise disentanglement, which recovers sources across manifolds in controlled tests.
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Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
A glovebox robotic lab with agentic LLM reasoning synthesized 352 lithium halide spinel samples, covering 72% of possible metal combinations and raising the rate of good ionic conductors from 1.33% to 5.33% over the campaign.
JWST nebular spectra detect cooling ~400 K carbonaceous dust emission in normal SN Ia 2023qov at +276 and +363 days, modeled as pre-existing circumstellar dust with mass ~10^{-4} M_sun located within ~1 light year.
Two young low-mass stars show solar C/O ratios while their inner disks are hydrocarbon-rich with C/O greater than one, providing direct evidence that disk processes enhance inner-disk carbon.
Quantitative Bayesian inference using a deep-learning emulator detects 0.018-0.020 M_sun of helium in the Type Ic supernova 2014L.
JWST mid-IR observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS yield the first direct methane detection and confirm strongly enhanced CO2:H2O mixing ratios relative to solar system comets.
First analytic nuclear gradients derived and implemented for BSE@G0W0, validated on excited-state geometries and adiabatic energies against wavefunction benchmarks.
ALMA observations reveal ram-pressure stripping in five galaxies at z=2.51, the most distant confirmed instances, indicating environmental gas removal in a protocluster.
Rectified flow learns straight-path neural ODEs for distribution transport, yielding efficient generative models and domain transfers that work well even with a single simulation step.
Global 3D hydrodynamical simulations show that a turbulence-driven deflagration-to-detonation transition produces nearly identical peak spectra across diverse ignition densities and topologies in near-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs, matching SN 1999aa.
High-resolution dayside spectroscopy detects H2O at 2.6σ and CO at 2.3σ in CoRoT-2b, yielding supersolar C/O ratio of 0.91 and subsolar metallicity.
Bayesian optimization identifies cement-salt hydrate composites achieving up to five times higher specific energy than prior cement-based TCES materials, with LiCl-based formulations reaching 458 kJ/kg.
Blue straggler stars in old open clusters exhibit a Kraft break in rotation, with rapid rotators above the break and slow rotators below, indicating their envelopes behave like those of single stars.
A tree algorithm reduces multi-component coagulation complexity from O(N^{2d}) to O(d N^d log N) by grouping similar interactions and matches direct-method results in tests with analytic solutions.
Starlink DTC satellites show reversed solar illumination dependence in unintended emissions at 72-234 MHz, brighter in eclipse than sunlight unlike Ku-only satellites, pointing to an active on-board source.
The EDGES team publishes the first full public description of its 21-cm global-signal analysis pipeline, an open-source end-to-end software package, and the raw data from prior observations.
Copositive matrices with nondecreasing off-diagonal entries admit a PSD plus nonnegative decomposition, which implies exactness of a natural relaxation for separable quadratic optimization over the simplex.
JWST NIRSpec observations of LTT 1445 A b yield a featureless 3-5μm transmission spectrum, limiting atmospheric metallicity to ≳350× solar under grey-cloud models.
Leaky integrator RNNs with adaptive time constants switch between four frequency bands using multiple mechanisms including subpopulation turnover, baseline shifts, and phase reorganization, with high frequencies dominated by short-time-constant neurons.
JWST MIRI MRS observations show the Galactic Center Minispiral gas has 1-2.5 solar metallicity, Wolf-Rayet driven ionization, significant Ni and Fe dust destruction, and harder radiation in compact structures near Sgr A*.
Solvent transport in silicone networks is limited by interfacial flux, correcting an order-of-magnitude diffusivity underestimate and enabling direct local measurement of dilation and contraction in bent samples.
A causal machine-learning model using variability features from Fermi-LAT light curves predicts blazar flare activity within 90 days with 86% recall on held-out data for one FSRQ.
Kriging and Gaussian mixture modeling applied to HST data yield 1-pc resolution dust extinction maps in the SMC and LMC, showing log-normal column density distributions and systematic differences from FIR-derived dust masses.
citing papers explorer
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spectroxide: A code package for computing cosmic microwave background spectral distortions
Spectroxide is a publicly available code package that evolves the photon Boltzmann equation from z ~ 5e6 to today to calculate CMB spectral distortions caused by heat or photon injection, with all code and tests generated by AI under human supervision and validated against analytic limits and prior
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Informative Priors on Primordial Non-Gaussianity Bias $b_{\phi}$ From Galaxy Formation
Conditioning CAMELS-SAM simulations on the stellar mass function or stellar-to-halo mass relation reduces uncertainty in b_phi by 88-97% for DESI emission line galaxy samples while remaining consistent across galaxy formation variations.
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SKYSURF-11: A New Zodiacal Light Model Optimized for Optical Wavelengths
A revised zodiacal light model (ZodiSURF) adds wavelength-dependent analytical scattering phase function and albedo fitted to over 5,000 HST optical measurements, yielding ~4.5% uncertainty and revealing a 0.013 +/- 0.006 MJy/sr residual excess possibly from a dim spherical dust cloud.
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Lensed stars in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing -- a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
Calculation predicts ~60 lensed star transients per JWST pointing in the Cosmic Horseshoe, enabling spatial tests of dark matter and constraints on the stellar IMF.
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Perturbation-theory informed integrators for cosmological simulations
LPT-matched integrators for cosmological simulations outperform FastPM with O(1-100) timesteps while convergence is limited to order 3/2 post-shell-crossing due to acceleration field irregularity.
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Euclid preparation. CosmoPostProcess: A simulation calibrated framework for weak lensing selection bias in richness-selected galaxy clusters
CosmoPostProcess delivers simulation-calibrated radial corrections for projection-induced selection bias (20-40% amplitude near 1 h^{-1} Mpc) and baryonic effects in Euclid richness-selected cluster weak lensing profiles.
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Towards a measurement of the primordial helium isotope ratio
New VLT observations of He I* absorbers yield a primordial ³He/⁴He ratio of (1.15^{+0.24}_{-0.21})×10^{-4} consistent with standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, plus an updated stellar yield scaling factor.
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Golden and Silver Dark Sirens for precise H0 measurement with HETDEX
Forecasts that golden and silver dark sirens with HETDEX VIRUS follow-up can constrain H0 to a few percent using one year of LIGO-A# observations for z < 0.2 events.
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Dynamic or Systematic? Bayesian model selection between dark energy and supernova biases
A magnitude offset between low- and high-redshift supernovae beats the Bayesian evidence for flexknot dark energy and reduces DES-5Y/DESI tension.
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SPT-3G D1: CMB temperature and polarization power spectra and cosmology from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field
SPT-3G delivers the most precise CMB EE and TE spectra at high multipoles to date, giving LCDM parameters with H0 = 66.66 ± 0.60 km/s/Mpc from ground-based data alone and reaching Planck-level constraints when combined with ACT.
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Constraining Galaxy Cluster Triaxiality via Weak Lensing -- I. Preparation for the Rubin Data Beyond Leading Order
Galaxy clusters have an average projected ellipticity of 0.310 with axis ratio 0.527, showing no significant mass or redshift dependence, measured via weak lensing on DES Y3 data and verified with mocks.
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Cosmological Constraints from GW-FRB Associations without Redshift Measurements for LIGO-Virgo and Cosmic Explorer
Simulations demonstrate that Cosmic Explorer can robustly constrain cosmology and host galaxy parameters from GW-FRB associations using luminosity distance-dispersion measure relations without spectroscopic redshifts, unlike the current LIGO-Virgo network.
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Implications for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter from a Single Subsolar Mass Gravitational-wave Detection in LVK O1--O4
A broad-mass-function population of primordial black holes formed at the QCD epoch predicts a merger rate of 0.8 per year that matches the S251112cm candidate, implying f_PBH > 0.04 if confirmed.
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Towards precision cosmology with Voids x CMB correlations (I): Roman-Agora mock catalogs and pipeline validation
The authors introduce analog matching to generate Roman Space Telescope mock catalogs that reproduce emission-line galaxy statistics and highlight the need to match void properties separately from two-point clustering for CMB cross-correlation studies.
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Towards Reconciling Reionization with JWST: The Role of Bright Galaxies and Strong Feedback
Strong-feedback models with bright galaxies match JWST UVLF at z greater than or equal to 10 and predict an extended reionization from z approximately 16 to 6 that fits CMB optical depth within 2 sigma.
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Detection of HI filament: Pair Stacking vs. Filament Stacking
Filament stacking outperforms pair stacking for HI detection in cosmic filaments, reaching column densities of 10^16-10^17 cm^-2 post-masking in simulations while pair stacking is heavily suppressed.
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Cosmic dipole tensions: confronting the cosmic microwave background with infrared and radio populations of cosmological sources
Bayesian tension analysis shows Planck CMB dipole in >5σ disagreement with CatWISE infrared sources and moderate-to-strong disagreement with radio surveys NVSS and RACS, with evidence for shared astrophysical signals in some catalogs.
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SPT-3G D1: Axion Early Dark Energy with CMB experiments and DESI
CMB-only data give f_EDE < 0.07 at 95% CL with no strong AEDE signal, while CMB+DESI yields f_EDE = 0.055^{+0.024}_{-0.047} at 68% CL and lowers Hubble tension to 2.6 sigma.
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Clusters Hiding Under Millimeter Sources (CHUMS) I: Extreme CHUMS
AGN emission from central galaxies hides galaxy clusters in SZ surveys; CARMA-based subtraction recovers high-SNR detections in ACT maps for three specific clusters.
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New $H(z)$ measurement at Redshift = 0.12 with DESI Data Release 1
New measurement of the Hubble parameter H(z=0.12) = 71.33 ± 4.20 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} obtained from cosmology-independent stellar ages of passive galaxies in DESI Data Release 1.
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KiDS-Legacy: Constraining dark energy, neutrino mass, and curvature
KiDS-Legacy cosmic shear plus external probes yields S8 = 0.816 ± 0.006 in Lambda-CDM and consistent bounds on w0, wa, sum m_nu and Omega_K with no strong preference for extensions.
- The Non-Gaussian Weak-Lensing Likelihood: A Multivariate Copula Construction and Impact on Cosmological Constraints
- X-SORTER (X-ray Survey Of meRging clusTErs in Redmapper): X-ray and Spectroscopic Characterization of 12 Optically Selected Galaxy Cluster Merger Candidates