Discovery and characterization of the highest-redshift barred spiral galaxy candidate at z=5.102, with bar length ~4.5 kpc, stellar mass 10^10.45 solar masses, SFR 144 solar masses per year, and evidence for AGN and interaction.
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representative citing papers
SN 2023fyq is the first Type Ibn supernova with a directly detected hot luminous progenitor consistent with a low-mass helium star in a binary system, based on pre-explosion imaging, disappearance confirmation, and multi-wavelength environmental analysis.
FRB20250613A exhibits millisecond-timescale scattering variations, spectral depolarisation, and RM changes of ~300 rad m^{-2}, consistent with embedding in the dense stellar wind of a Be star binary companion in its low-metallicity dwarf host at z=0.0987.
LRD-204851 at z=5.482 shows a thin bipolar elongation several kpc long traced by UV and optical lines, with double-peaked Lyα and tentative N V supporting a biconical cavity from the central engine.
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
The survey identifies 27 low-redshift LRDs with compact morphology, V-shaped continua, broad Balmer lines with extreme decrements, and ubiquitous outflows, matching high-z counterparts and yielding a number density lower limit of 7.5e-10 cMpc^-3.
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
The satellite metallicity enhancement profile around clusters declines steeply in the core, plateaus near the virial radius due to enriched inflow, and declines further out, with mass loss and quenching dominating the core.
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
Vision-language models underperform specialized astronomical methods on real observational data, with accuracy improving when physical explanations are provided in prompts and when raw numerical measurements replace rendered plots.
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
A changing-look AGN exhibits a rapid accretion-driven spectral transition with broad-line region temperatures of approximately 11,800 K measured via Boltzmann plots and stable black hole mass estimates of 5 times 10 to the 7 solar masses across epochs.
AGN activity in Mrk 573 enriches the surrounding gas with metals up to several times solar abundance on 100-parsec scales via outflows and jets.
Little Red Dots show soft ionizing spectra consistent with massive stars, based on high H-alpha EWs and low HeII/H-beta ratios that rule out hard AGN spectra via Cloudy modeling.
JWST spectra show a tight Hα-[O III] correlation and frequent non-Case B Balmer decrements, questioning standard spectral diagnostics.
AGN radiation pressure, not black-hole mass, simultaneously boosts large-scale [O III] outflows and clears circumnuclear gas as Eddington ratio rises.
X-ray emission lines and a broad iron feature emerged in changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654 concurrently with radio-jet formation and declining ionized outflows from 2022 to 2025.
In 3<z<8 galaxies, 12 of 26 systems with significant [OIII]/Hβ peaks show spatial offsets between the ionization peak and the stellar continuum center, consistent with—but not uniquely proving—off-center or wandering black holes.
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
A JWST survey of eight gravitationally lensed galaxies at z=2-4 resolves 10-200 pc star-forming clumps and finds early evidence of recently quenched, post-starburst clumps.
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
citing papers explorer
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A massive barred spiral galaxy at z = 5.102 discovered by JWST
Discovery and characterization of the highest-redshift barred spiral galaxy candidate at z=5.102, with bar length ~4.5 kpc, stellar mass 10^10.45 solar masses, SFR 144 solar masses per year, and evidence for AGN and interaction.
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SN 2023fyq: direct detection of a Type Ibn supernova progenitor and its multi-wavelength environmental constraints
SN 2023fyq is the first Type Ibn supernova with a directly detected hot luminous progenitor consistent with a low-mass helium star in a binary system, based on pre-explosion imaging, disappearance confirmation, and multi-wavelength environmental analysis.
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FRB20250613A: a remarkable repeating FRB with apparent millisecond-timescale scattering variations
FRB20250613A exhibits millisecond-timescale scattering variations, spectral depolarisation, and RM changes of ~300 rad m^{-2}, consistent with embedding in the dense stellar wind of a Be star binary companion in its low-metallicity dwarf host at z=0.0987.
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Compact Core, Extended Reach: A Bipolar kpc-Scale Elongation in a Little Red Dot at $z \approx 5.5$
LRD-204851 at z=5.482 shows a thin bipolar elongation several kpc long traced by UV and optical lines, with double-peaked Lyα and tentative N V supporting a biconical cavity from the central engine.
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MEGA and SMILES Find Fewer Dusty Galaxies than Expected at Cosmic Noon
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
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Hector Galaxy Survey: Linking the low- and high-mass ends of the initial mass function in star-forming galaxies
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
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Multiphase images of a powerful supernova-driven wind in the early Universe
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
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(LRDs)$^2$: The Low-ReDshift Little Red Dots Survey. II. DESI DR1 Sample
The survey identifies 27 low-redshift LRDs with compact morphology, V-shaped continua, broad Balmer lines with extreme decrements, and ubiquitous outflows, matching high-z counterparts and yielding a number density lower limit of 7.5e-10 cMpc^-3.
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SDSS-V: Revealing a weak accretion state in X-ray selected red quasars
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
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Satellite Metallicity Enhancement I: Suppressed Star Formation, Stellar Mass Loss, and Enriched Inflow of DESI and EAGLE Galaxies around Massive Clusters
The satellite metallicity enhancement profile around clusters declines steeply in the core, plateaus near the virial radius due to enriched inflow, and declines further out, with mass loss and quenching dominating the core.
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Origins of Extreme Emission-Line Ratios in z > 3 Galaxies: Insights from the Lumen Model
Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
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Resolving the Unresolved Galactic Winds in Multi-phase Models. I. Methodology and Application
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
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A systematic evaluation of vision-language models for observational astronomical reasoning tasks
Vision-language models underperform specialized astronomical methods on real observational data, with accuracy improving when physical explanations are provided in prompts and when raw numerical measurements replace rendered plots.
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A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
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Tracing Active Galactic Nuclei Properties Through a Changing-look Event
A changing-look AGN exhibits a rapid accretion-driven spectral transition with broad-line region temperatures of approximately 11,800 K measured via Boltzmann plots and stable black hole mass estimates of 5 times 10 to the 7 solar masses across epochs.
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Active Galactic Nuclei-driven Metallicity Enrichment in the Interstellar Medium of Mrk 573
AGN activity in Mrk 573 enriches the surrounding gas with metals up to several times solar abundance on 100-parsec scales via outflows and jets.
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The Missing Hard Photons of Little Red Dots: Their Incident Ionizing Spectra Resemble Massive Stars
Little Red Dots show soft ionizing spectra consistent with massive stars, based on high H-alpha EWs and low HeII/H-beta ratios that rule out hard AGN spectra via Cloudy modeling.
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A Mysteriously Tight H$\alpha$-[O III] Correlation and Non-Case B Balmer Decrements Revealed by the Spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec Instrument
JWST spectra show a tight Hα-[O III] correlation and frequent non-Case B Balmer decrements, questioning standard spectral diagnostics.
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AGN radiative feedback as the main regulator of [O III] outflow activity and obscuration in X-ray AGN
AGN radiation pressure, not black-hole mass, simultaneously boosts large-scale [O III] outflows and clears circumnuclear gas as Eddington ratio rises.
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The emergence of X-ray emission lines during relativistic radio-jet formation in the changing-look active galactic nucleus 1ES 1927+654
X-ray emission lines and a broad iron feature emerged in changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654 concurrently with radio-jet formation and declining ionized outflows from 2022 to 2025.
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Hunting Wandering 3<z<8 Black Holes: Spatial Offsets in Ionization Ratio and Continuum Emission
In 3<z<8 galaxies, 12 of 26 systems with significant [OIII]/Hβ peaks show spatial offsets between the ionization peak and the stellar continuum center, consistent with—but not uniquely proving—off-center or wandering black holes.
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The evolution of the galaxy gas-phase mass-metallicity relation from $z=15$ to $z=0$ in the COLIBRE cosmological simulations
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
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LEGGOS I: The JWST LEGGOS Survey -- LEnsing and Galaxy Growth: Observing Substructures -- Unpacks the Nature of Clumpy Star Formation and Quenching in Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies beyond Cosmic Noon
A JWST survey of eight gravitationally lensed galaxies at z=2-4 resolves 10-200 pc star-forming clumps and finds early evidence of recently quenched, post-starburst clumps.
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Beyond the Fundamental Metallicity Relation: galaxy sizes encode the link between inflow and metallicity
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
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pop-cosmos: Disentangling galaxy properties from observables using data-driven approaches
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
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Mapping the nuclear environments of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies
Multi-epoch spectroscopy of 33 ECLEs shows coronal lines emitted at intermediate radii with log(distance)-log(black hole mass) slopes of 0.63 and 0.69 for [O III] and [Fe VII], consistent with photoionization setting the radii.
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A New Record Census of Dwarf AGN and a Bimodal $M_{\rm BH}$-$M_{\star}$ Scaling Relation with DESI DR1
DESI DR1 yields 314k high-mass and 9.6k dwarf AGN, extending the M_BH-M_star relation to log M_star ~7.8 and suggesting two evolutionary pathways for galaxies and black holes.
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Understanding the Broad-line Region of Active Galactic Nuclei with Photoionization. II. Slim disks, Self-shadowing, and BLR sizes
Slim-disk self-shadowing plus accretion-rate-dependent BLR density enhancement explains the observed offsets of high-Eddington AGNs below the canonical R-L relation.
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RUBIES: The Evolution of the Ionization Parameter from 0 < z < 9
The ionization parameter inferred from O32 rises with redshift and sSFR, falls with stellar mass, and increases by ~4x from z=2 to z=6 at fixed mass and sSFR, with a ~0.3 dex model systematic.
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The Hunt for Red Dual AGNs I: Spatially-Resolved Mid-IR Dual AGNs in the DeCam Legacy Survey
A new sample of 157 mid-IR dual AGN candidates in mergers yields 13 confirmed cases and 63 strong candidates at separations 14.5-129 kpc, over half beyond 50 kpc, with diverse BPT classes and 31% in multi-mergers.
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A Multiwavelength Assessment Disfavoring the X-ray Binary Origin of He III Regions in Metal-Poor Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies
Accreting X-ray sources cannot supply enough EUV photons to account for He III regions in metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies.
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Kinematic Stratification in Extremely Red Quasars Revealed by JWST
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
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Near-infrared diagnostic diagrams of the gas ionization sources in nearby galaxies: a JWST NIRSpec view
New NIR diagnostic diagrams using [C I]/Paγ and H2 1-0 O(5)/PAH 3.3μm ratios correlate with radiation field hardness and distinguish star formation, AGN, and shock excitation in galaxy nuclei.
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Tidal pre-conditioning and ram-pressure stripping in NGC 1427A. Deep VLT/MUSE spectroscopy and FUV-to-radio observations trace a Fornax Cluster dwarf in transformation
Multi-phase observations of NGC 1427A indicate tidal torquing from a dwarf fly-by has pre-conditioned its gas for ram-pressure stripping by the Fornax intracluster medium, placing the galaxy at the onset of environmental quenching with a declining star formation rate.
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DeepDive: Simultaneous Formation of Massive Quiescent Galaxies in High-Redshift Galaxy Proto-clusters
JWST data show massive quiescent galaxies in high-redshift proto-clusters formed and quenched simultaneously, with AGN signatures, indicating environmental triggering of quenching.
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Sparks: The Magellan/FIRE survey from starburst to post-starburst
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
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Low-mass Active Galaxies in the SAMI Galaxy Survey with Spatially-resolved Spectroscopy
Spatially-resolved spectroscopy detects AGNs in 4-9% of low-mass galaxies, higher than single-fiber rates because it catches extended emission missed by central-point observations.
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Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
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Beyond traditional emission-line diagnostics: using autoencoders to uncover active galactic nuclei in DESI spectra
SPENDER autoencoder plus k-d tree nearest-neighbor classification on DESI spectra identifies AGN and broad-line AGN at accuracies 0.952 and 0.965, recovering sources missed by single-line diagnostics.
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Exploring the synergies of $[\mathrm{O\,II}]\lambda 3727$ with MUSE spectroscopy in PHANGS H II regions
Adding SITELLE [O II] to PHANGS-MUSE for 556 H II regions recovers known metallicity-calibration offsets, shows <0.03–0.04 dex gradient scatter for many methods, and favors [S III]/[S II] as a robust ionization tracer.
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The DESI View of the Faint Radio Source Population in LoTSS DR2
Probabilistic spectroscopic classification of 251k LoTSS radio sources yields the largest high-confidence sample and confirms LERGs accrete below ~1% Eddington while HERGs accrete above it.
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A machine learning approach to estimating HI deficiency in galaxies
A random forest model trained on isolated ALFALFA-SDSS galaxies predicts HI mass from optical properties with RMSE≈0.22 dex, revealing a 0.15 dex median HI deficiency increase in dense environments.
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A Suppressed Volumetric Rate of High-Luminosity Mid-Infrared Selected Tidal Disruption Events
Mid-IR search of NEOWISE yields 10 TDEs above 3e43 erg/s with volumetric rate 1.2e-10 Mpc^-3 yr^-1, showing suppression at high luminosity explained by reduced TDE rate for larger black holes.
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A Census of the 200 Most Massive Galaxies Spectroscopically Observed with JWST at zspec $\sim$3-15
JWST prism spectroscopy of 200 massive galaxies at z~3-15 shows normal star-forming galaxies dominate at z>6 while dusty systems and quiescent galaxies increase at lower redshift, with evidence for multiple quenching pathways.
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JWST spectroscopy of galaxies at $z>10$: Damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers reveal efficient star formation and hidden redshift biases
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
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pop-cosmos: Galaxy size evolution across structural and star-formation classifications in COSMOS-Web
Galaxy size-mass relations exhibit double power-law breaks at different pivot masses for quiescent versus bulge-dominated samples, coinciding with AGN activity scales.
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When Jets Don't Quench: Near-Infrared H$_{2}$ in Star Forming Low-Excitation Radio Galaxies
New Gemini/GNIRS observations of star-forming radio galaxies show warm H2 emission driven primarily by mergers rather than jets.
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OzSSy1: The Australian Southern Seyfert-1 Spectroscopic Atlas and Catalogue at z < 0.1
Presents a public spectroscopic atlas of 887 Southern broad-line AGNs at low redshift, including continuum decompositions and emission-line fits.
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Unveiling a cosmic tango: Integral field spectroscopy and numerical simulations of Arp 143's interaction
New spectroscopy and simulations of Arp 143 suggest it formed via head-on collision between S0 and Sc galaxies following a flyby.
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Cosmic evolution of the helium and oxygen abundances in type 2 Active Galactic Nuclei: Helium-loud AGNs
Abundance analysis of 84 type-2 AGNs finds oversolar He and subsolar O at z>2.8, including one object at z=6.26 with record He abundance of 12+log(He/H)=11.64, plus marginal trends of declining He/H and rising O/H toward z=0.