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Observation of a narrow charmonium-like state in exclusive B+ -> K+ pi+pi- J/psi decays
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We report the observation of a narrow charmonium-like state produced in the exclusive decay process B+ -> K+ pi+pi- J/psi. This state, which decays into pi+pi- J/psi, has a mass of 3872.0+-0.6(stat)+-0.5(syst) MeV, a value that is very near the M_D + M_D* mass threshold. The results are based on an analysis of 152M B-Bbar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. The statistical significance of the signal is in excess of 10 sigma.
Forward citations
Cited by 57 Pith papers
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First evidence of $X(3872)\to\pi^0\chi_{c0}(1P)$ and search for $X(3915)\to\pi^0\chi_{c1}(1P)$
First evidence reported for X(3872)→π⁰χ_c0 decay at 3.4σ, with branching fraction ratio 2.3 relative to π⁺π⁻J/ψ, upper limits on other modes, and no signal for X(3915)→π⁰χ_c1.
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Deciphering the nature of $P^{\Sigma}_{\psi s}$ pentaquarks in the light of their electromagnetic multipole moments
QCD light-cone sum rules computation of magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic octupole moments for Σ-type P_ψs pentaquarks, with quark-flavor decomposition and model discriminants.
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Observation of the decay $\chi_{c1}(3872)\rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi \mu^+\mu^-$
First observation of χ_c1(3872) → J/ψ μ⁺μ⁻ reported at 6.5σ significance with branching fraction ratio (1.68 ± 0.37) × 10^{-3} relative to the π⁺π⁻ mode.
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A tale of Bethe logarithms: leptonic widths of $\chi_{cJ}$ and Lamb shift
The infrared divergence in chi_cJ to e+e- decays is canceled by adding the next-to-leading Fock component, yielding finite, scale-independent leptonic width predictions expressed through Bethe logarithms.
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Charting doubly strange hidden-charm pentaquarks: An electromagnetic mapping of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ states
LCSR calculations of magnetic, quadrupole and octupole moments for S=-2 hidden-charm pentaquarks yield large current-dependent ranges (-4.25 to 5.74 μ_N) dominated by the charm quark in most diquark configurations.
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Analytic electromagnetic signatures of compact pentaquark structure: A multi-current QCD light-cone sum rules analysis of the $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda}$ states
LCSR analysis of compact pentaquarks yields μ_u/μ_d = -2 for all currents and μ_c = 0 for one current, with numerical moments of order 1-3 μ_N that differ in flavor decomposition from molecular calculations.
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Finite-volume analysis of the $H$-dibaryon including left-hand-cut effects
Finite-volume N/D analysis with left-hand cuts applied to lattice data shows a mild but statistically significant effect on H-dibaryon binding energy compared to Lüscher quantization.
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Probing the structure of the $D_{s 0}^*(2317)$ and $X(3872)$ states through correlation functions
Femtoscopic correlation functions for D0K+ and D0Dbar*0 pairs are predicted to be sensitive to the molecular versus bare-state composition of D_s0*(2317) and X(3872).
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High-energy dynamics of QCD: Theoretical and phenomenological results
Real NLO corrections to the BFKL Higgs impact factor are derived with a physical top-quark mass, and updated tetraquark fragmentation functions are applied to predict rates at 14 and 100 TeV.
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Bottomoniumlike states in proton collisions: Fragmentation and resummation
New TQHL1.1 and TQ4Q1.1 fragmentation functions for doubly and fully bottomed tetraquarks are constructed and evolved, yielding first predictions for bottom-tetraquark plus jet distributions at 14 and 100 TeV.
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Roles of $f_{0}(500)$ and $f_{0}(980)$ in the $D_{(s)}^{+}\rightarrow\pi^{+}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ decays
A quark-level hadronization plus meson rescattering model reproduces why D_s -> pi+ pi+ pi- contains only the f0(980) resonance while D+ -> pi+ pi+ pi- contains both f0(500) and f0(980).
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Heavy baryon production with an instanton interaction
A model calculation shows that an instanton-inspired three-quark interaction can excite both the lambda and rho internal modes of heavy baryons, giving production-rate ratios that reflect baryon spin structure.
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All-charm tetraquarks at hadron colliders: A high-precision fragmentation perspective
TQ4Q2.0 supplies the first complete, uncertainty-quantified set of NRQCD-based fragmentation functions for all-heavy tetraquarks, including nonconstituent channels and public grids for jet-associated production.
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Compactness, mass spectra, and strong stability of singly heavy tetraquarks
A radius-dependent chromoelectric interaction in the MIT bag model predicts that the state T_ncs̄n̄(0+, 2.925) is a compact tetraquark candidate corresponding to the experimentally observed T_c̄s0^a(2900).
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Possibility of the antibottom-strange molecular pentaquarks near $ B\Sigma$ and $ B^*\Sigma$ thresholds
Coupled-channel OBE dynamics with S–D mixing produce three near-threshold poles dominated by BΣ/B*Σ that should show as narrow enhancements in open Bs0N, BΛ and B*Λ channels.
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Symmetry Analysis of Compact Tetraquark States and Implications for the Fully Charmed Candidates $X(6600)$, $X(6900)$, and $X(7100)$
Symmetry analysis of compact tetraquarks shows low-energy states favor J^P=2+ and places X(6600), X(6900), X(7100) among the lower levels of the fully charmed spectrum.
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Searching for the pseudoscalar partner of $G(3900)$ via radiative $Y(4230)$ decays
Calculates B(Y(4230) → γ G0(3900)) = 3.8×10^{-5}–3.3×10^{-4} assuming P-wave molecular interpretations for both states and a triangle mechanism.
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Vector charmonium(-like) states in the energy range of 4.1-4.6 GeV
A coupled-channel framework is developed and fitted to BESIII data on vector charmonium-like states in the 4.1-4.6 GeV range, concluding that coupled-channel effects with dynamically generated poles explain the line shapes.
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Compact $cs\bar{s}\bar{s}$ Tetraquarks in the Charm--Strange Sector: Mass Spectra, Rearrangement Decays and Regge Trajectories with $D_s$ Threshold Inputs
The authors compute mass spectra, rearrangement decays, and Regge trajectories for cs s-bar s-bar tetraquarks modeled as axial [cs][s-bar s-bar] systems in a Cornell potential framework with Ds threshold inputs.
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Structural dissection of hadronic molecules: The $D^{(*)}\bar{K}^{(*)}$ family under QCD light-cone sum rules
QCD light-cone sum rules predict magnetic moments from −2.0 to +3.1 nuclear magnetons and quadrupole moments near 10⁻³ fm² for JP=1+ D(*)K̅(*) molecular tetraquarks, dominated by light-quark contributions.
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$T_{bc\bar s}$ states in the process $\Upsilon \to D^{-} \bar B^{0} D_s^{+}$
The decay Upsilon -> D- anti-B0 Ds+ is predicted to show a peak near 7415-7425 MeV from a spin-2 tetraquark molecule, plus a threshold dip.
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Hidden-Charm Tetraquarks in a Mixture Model: Coupled-Channel Analysis with $c\bar{c}$ and Hadronic Molecular Components
A coupled-channel mixture model fitted to the X(3872) and Z(3930) masses predicts the X(3860) at about 3867 MeV, dominated by the charmonium core.
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A short review on the compositeness of the $X(3872)$
Radiative decays and the LHCb line-shape data are incompatible with a purely molecular X(3872) and favor a compact or partially composite state, with a proposed molecular-amplitude fit for a decisive test.
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Effect of a repulsive three-body interaction on the $DD^{(*)}K$ molecule
Repulsive three-body interactions gradually expand DD(∗)K molecules and eventually dissociate them into a D(∗)K bound pair plus a distant D meson.
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Searching for compact pentaquark state within the bag model framework
A bag-model analysis identifies a compact radius limit of 5.615 GeV^-1 and predicts that nnccbar c pentaquarks fall below it, making them candidates for tightly bound compact states.
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Investigating triply heavy tetraquark states through QCD sum rules
QCD sum rules with condensates up to dimension 9 predict triply heavy tetraquark masses of 5.4 to 6.2 GeV for charm systems and 14.9 to 15.7 GeV for bottom systems.
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Study on the structure of the $Z_{c}(3900)$ state
An effective field theory calculation finds that the Zc(3900) resonance is naturally described as a coupled-channel mixture of D Dbar* and diquark-antidiquark components, with the diquark part dominating.
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Production of doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}$ via photon-photon fusion at electron-positron colliders
A diquark fragmentation model predicts that photon-photon fusion at CEPC and ILC can produce the doubly charmed tetraquark Tcc with thousands of events per year.
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Investigating the underlying structure of vector hidden-charm tetraquark states via their electromagnetic characteristics
QCD light-cone sum rules give magnetic moments for vector hidden-charm tetraquarks that depend strongly on the chosen diquark-antidiquark current.
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Discovery potential of charmonium $2P$ states through the $e^+e^- \to \gamma D\bar{D}$ processes
Using the measured e+e- -> gamma X(3872) cross section as a reference, the authors predict measurable e+e- -> gamma chi_c0(2P) and e+e- -> gamma chi_c2(2P) production and propose the gamma D Dbar final state as a sear...
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Shedding light on the nature of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ pentaquark state
QCD light-cone sum rules with three diquark-diquark-antiquark currents predict Pcs(4459) magnetic dipole moments of -0.60, 1.60, and 0.99 nuclear magnetons.
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Production of $X(3872)$ and a Photon in $e^+e^-$ Annihilation
If X(3872) is a charm-meson molecule, e+e- -> X gamma has a narrow triangle-singularity peak at 2.2 MeV above the D*0 Dbar*0 threshold, with a peak cross section near 0.5 pb.
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Heavy hadronic molecules with pion exchange and quark core couplings: a guide for practitioners
X(3872) is best described as a shallow D D* molecule in which one-pion exchange and a small charmonium core provide comparable attraction.
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Branching Fractions of the $X(3872)$
If the X(3872) is a weakly bound charm-meson molecule, its J/psi pi+ pi- branching fraction lies between roughly 4% and 33%, and is likely several times larger than the measured resonance-feature fraction.
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Strong decays of the possible $D^{*}K$ and $\bar{D}^{*}K$ molecules
An effective-Lagrangian calculation predicts the I=1 D*K molecule T^a_cs1(2470) has a D_s*pi0 width of 13 to 196 MeV, about 10^3 times the predicted D_s1(2460) molecular width.
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A Unified Study of Hidden-Charm and Hidden-Bottom Mesons
A common screened-potential and QCD sum-rule framework yields consistent spectra, E1/M1 widths, Regge slopes, decay constants and finite-spectrum thermal indicators for c¯c and b¯b mesons.
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Probing the structure of $\chi_{c1}(3872)$: Heavy quark symmetries at work
Heavy-quark large-mass limit applied to E1 transitions of χ_c1(2P) yields decay rates that match LHCb measurements for χ_c1(3872) under the 2P assignment.
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QCD Sum Rule Analysis of a Compact $D^{+}D^{-}K^{+}$-Like Hidden-Charm Hexaquark with $J^{P}=0^{-}$
QCD sum rule analysis predicts the mass of a J^P=0^- compact hidden-charm hexaquark to be 3.94-4.41 GeV.
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Accessing Exotic Hadronic States via Charmed-Meson Femtoscopy in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Simulations indicate that heavy-ion collisions enhance the visibility of charmed-meson femtoscopic correlations compared to pp collisions, providing a probe for exotic hadronic states.
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Three-body molecular states composed of $D^{(*)}$ and two nucleons
The DNN system forms a robust compact bound state in the I=1/2 (1^-) channel across cutoffs, while D*NN exhibits spin-dependent bound states in 0^-, 1^-, and 2^- channels with no resonances found.
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Mass Spectra of $\Lambda_Q\bar{\Sigma}_Q$ Hexaquark States in QCD Sum Rules
QCD sum rules predict Λ_c Σ_c hexaquark ground-state masses around 5.8 GeV, above threshold and consistent with no bound state observed by BESIII.
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Hadronic Molecules and $\chi_{cJ}(2P)$ Coupled States
A coupled-channel model mixing χ_cJ(2P) cores with D(*)D(*) hadrons describes X(3872) as mostly molecular while X(3860) and Z(3930) have larger compact components and predicts a 0++ state.
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Production mechanism of doubly charmed exotic mesons $T_{cc}$
A coupled-channel model generates the Tcc(3875)+ as an isovector DD* molecule and predicts three additional J=1 tetraquark states, including a negative-parity resonance.
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Scalar Triple-Heavy Tetraquark States With Quark Content $cc\bar{c}\bar{s}$
QCD sum rule analysis predicts scalar cc̄c̄s tetraquark states with masses near 4.94 to 5.08 GeV, including an ηc-Ds molecule and two diquark-antidiquark compact states.
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Investigation of full heavy $ QQQQ'\bar{Q}$ pentaquark candidates
QCD sum rules predict a pentaquark with three charm quarks, one bottom quark, and an anti-charm quark near 11.38 GeV, and a pentaquark with three bottom quarks, one charm quark, and an anti-bottom quark near 21.0 GeV,...
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The charming case of $X(3872)$ and $\chi_{c1}(2P)$
The radiative decay ratio R(X(3872)) = B(X(3872) to psi(2S) gamma)/B(X(3872) to J/psi gamma) is predicted to be 1.7 ± 0.3, matching the LHCb value 1.67, supporting the chi_c1(2P) charmonium assignment.
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Magnetic Moments of Hidden-Charm Pentaquarks in the Diquark-Diquark-Antiquark Scheme
Using constituent quark masses and S-wave spin-flavor wave functions, the paper predicts magnetic moments for Pc(4457) and related hidden-charm pentaquarks in the diquark-diquark-antiquark scheme.
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A comparative study of $T_{cc}$ versus $X(3872)$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 TeV
Simulations reveal substantial differences in transverse momentum spectra between compact T_cc tetraquarks formed at partonic level and molecular X(3872) states formed at hadronic level, plus production asymmetry and ...
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Radiative decays of hadronic molecules: From confusion to inspiration
Radiative decays of hadronic molecules require careful treatment of scale hierarchies to resolve interpretive confusions, as demonstrated by reviewing decay types and instructive examples.
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The Pattern of Exotic Hidden-Heavy Hadrons Revealed
Exotic hidden-heavy hadrons are proposed as near-threshold bound states and resonances in Born-Oppenheimer potentials that are repulsive at short range and cross the heavy-hadron-pair threshold.
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Unquenched Charmonium and Beyond
This Lanzhou-group review argues that coupled-channel (unquenched) effects, not exotic constituents, are the common thread explaining charmonium anomalies from the rho-pi puzzle to the Y-problem states.
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Composite nature of exotic states from data analysis
Compositeness values for X(3872), Zb(10610), Zb(10650), and Tcc are extracted from CDD-pole fits to published spectra; X(3872) is unconstrained (0 to 1), Tcc is found at 0.23 with large errors.
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Heavy quarkonia and new hadrons with two heavy quarks
A literature review that compiles the current experimental landscape of charmonium, bottomonium, and XYZ exotic states; it contains no new measurements, derivations, or predictions.
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Charm physics
A review chapter summarizing the theoretical framework and experimental status of charm hadron lifetimes, D0 mixing, CP violation, and rare decays.
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Lattice perspectives on doubly heavy tetraquarks
A review of lattice QCD results concludes that doubly heavy tetraquarks Tbb(ud/us) are firmly predicted as bound states, Tcc appears as a virtual state at nonphysical masses, and Tbc is under active study.
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From scattering towards multi-hadron weak decays
A review of current lattice QCD scattering calculations shows that finite-volume formalisms now enable multi-hadron weak decay studies with direct relevance to flavour physics.
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Production of exotic hadrons in $pp$ and nuclear collisions
A review of exotic-hadron production in pp, pbar-p, and nuclear collisions, arguing that such measurements can discriminate between hadronic-molecule and compact-tetraquark interpretations of states like the X(3872).
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