claims depot shelf
Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
Formal claims (Lean)
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The paper claims that in a top-philic Type-III 2HDM the same parameter region motivated by the LHC $t\bar{t}$ threshold excess, with $m_A\simeq345$ GeV and an explicit complex phase in the extra top Yukawa coupling $\rho_{tt}$, can provide the CP-violating source for electroweak baryogenesis. Solving the three-field bounce, transport equations, and baryon-number evolution with the Parwani-prescrib
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The central claim is that a homogeneous, evolving axion background with Chern-Simons coupling to $U(1)_Y$ modifies the hypercharge gauge field dispersion relation to $\omega_\pm \approx k/a \mp \beta_1\dot{\phi}/(2 f_a)$, and that in thermal equilibrium this splitting imprints an asymmetry in the Bose-Einstein occupation numbers of the two helicity modes. The resulting expectation value $\langle E
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The paper's central claim is that retaining self-energy corrections changes the quasiparticle on-shell condition in a way that matters for CP-violating transport. Solving the Kadanoff–Baym equations to first order in the derivative expansion gives a fermionic spectral function whose first-order piece is proportional to $\delta'(\Omega_{s,i}^2)$, i.e., a shift of the quasiparticle shell. In the wal
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In the regularized four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet action with a rainbow metric, the modified Friedmann equation becomes alpha H^4 + H^2 = rho/(3 M_P^2). Because the Ricci scalar is R = 6 H' + 12 H^2, the alpha H^4 term prevents R from being constant during radiation domination. Using the standard gravitational-baryogenesis interaction S_int = (1/M_*^2) ∫ d^4x sqrt(-g) (∂_mu R) J^mu, the pa
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The central claim is that the sphaleron rate during a first-order electroweak phase transition can be computed gauge-invariantly to O(g⁴) in the 3D EFT of SU(2)+Higgs theory, even though the barrier that sustains the transition comes from integrating out the spatial gauge fields. After rescaling by the gauge-invariant scalar minimum v₃(x,y), the sphaleron action is kinetic-dominated and well appro
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Rainbow cosmology with f=1+E/2E_P, g=1 modifies the Friedmann and scalar-field equations so that the scale factor grows as t early and t^{1/2} late, and the solutions pass from damped oscillations to Bessel functions of order 1/4. Matching at t_c=1/M fixes constants; time-averaging the U(1) Noether charge gives ⟨ρ⟩=(3/4)λ A² M^{3/2} sin²(1/√3) t^{-3/2}. Photon density also decays as t^{-3/2}, so η
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Particle cosmology did not exist as a recognized subfield of particle physics before roughly 1980; by the mid-1990s it was settled and remaining. The transition is marked by two community gatherings—the 1984 Inner Space/Outer Space conference that first assembled theorists, experimentalists, relativists and astronomers under one roof, and the 1994 Snowmass Summer Study that integrated particle and
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Co-genesis of the observed baryon asymmetry Y_B ≃ 8.7 × 10^{-11} and the dark-matter density is achieved by the rotation of a spectator axion-like particle whose vacuum manifold flips orientation at the end of inflation because of a periodic non-minimal coupling ξ[1-cos(ϕ/f)]R; success requires ξ ∼ (f/m_P)^{2} to avoid fragmentation of the rotating condensate.
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Successful cogenesis of the observed baryon asymmetry and an asymmetric dark-matter relic is possible inside an extended type-I Dirac seesaw for dark-matter masses in the window 100 MeV ≲ m_χ ≲ 39 TeV. The lower edge is fixed by the demand that the symmetric dark-matter component annihilate away before big-bang nucleosynthesis; the upper edge is fixed by unitarity bounds on asymmetric dark matter.
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The paper's central claim is that the baryon asymmetry generated in spontaneous baryogenesis depends on the initial phase θ_i in a piecewise way: Δn_B ∝ θ_i³ for small θ_i, but the growth decelerates and saturates as θ_i approaches π. This saturation is demonstrated numerically by solving a damped-pendulum equation of motion, Eq. (21), for a range of damping parameters Γ, and then evaluating the b
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On its own terms, the paper's central claim is that the multiverse's predictions for the constants we observe are no longer hostage to unspecified habitability choices: the probability factorizes into a microscopic induced weight W_micro, a cosmological induced weight W_cosmo, and a star/galaxy habitability product, and the whole chain can be evaluated. The cosmological weight is a power law in th
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The paper claims that a pre-existing helical hypermagnetic field changes both the dynamics of the first-order electroweak phase transition and its outcome for baryon production. In lattice simulations of the SU(2)$_L\times$U(1)$_Y$ electroweak theory, an external hypermagnetic field lowers the true vacuum through the term $\Delta V\supset \frac{g'^4}{4}Y^{\rm ex}_\mu Y^{\mu\,{\rm ex}}\Phi^\dagger\
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Working in the single-flavour treatment of baryogenesis through leptogenesis, with the Higgs representations $\mathbf{10}$ and $\overline{\mathbf{126}}$ generating fermion masses and the antisymmetric $\mathbf{120}$ absent, the paper's central discovery is that the Dirac mass matrix diagonalization can be written $m_D = V^{L\dagger} m_D^{diag} V^R$ with $V^R = V^{L*}$, and that this is enough to m
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The central claim is that the complex modulus $\tau$ of a non-holomorphic modular symmetry controls both sectors: low-energy lepton masses and mixing angles, and the CP asymmetry produced when the lightest heavy fermion triplet $\Sigma_1$ decays into lepton–Higgs final states. After a $\chi^2$ fit to NuFIT 6.0 that selects normal neutrino mass ordering and constrained CP phases, the same $\tau$ is
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The central discovery is a complete inventory of which scalars in the SO(10) Yukawa sector can actually destabilise the proton. Of the sixty B−L-charged scalars in $10_H$, $120_H$, $\overline{126}_H$, and $16_H$, only the colour triplets $T(3,1,1/3)$, $T(3,1,4/3)$, and $T(3,3,1/3)$ (with conjugates) have both the diquark and leptoquark vertices needed for tree-level dimension-six decay, and only $
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On the paper's own terms, the central discovery is that global supersymmetry of preons, the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary wave function, and Chern-Simons quantum gravity share enough conceptual structure to form a single cosmological narrative. The paper proposes that at energies above $\Lambda_{\rm cr}\sim 10^{10}{-}10^{16}$ GeV, preons are free; below that scale they bind into Standard Model fermio
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On the paper's own terms, previous NMSSM fermion-EDM calculations are incomplete: because the NMSSM, unlike the MSSM, has tree-level CP violation in its scalar Higgs sector, the three 2HDM-type two-loop diagram classes $(d_E^f)^{H^\pm}$, $(d_E^f)^{W^\pm}$, and $(d_E^f)^{\mathrm{Kite}}$ must be added to the familiar one-loop and Barr–Zee two-loop sets. Working in the general NMSSM with 14 independe
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The central claim is that a subdominant complex scalar spectator field, coupled to the inflaton as $\xi\theta^2|\phi|^2$ and to gravity as $\sigma R|\phi|^2$, corrects the spontaneous baryogenesis asymmetry at first order without changing its qualitative mechanism. Solving the inflaton and spectator equations of motion perturbatively, to first order in $\xi$ and $\sigma$ and first neglecting the e
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The paper establishes that, in the general parametrization of the Dirac mass matrix, the CP asymmetry parameter for the lightest right-handed neutrino can be written analytically in terms of the light-neutrino masses and the parameters of a complex orthogonal matrix, with no dependence on the measured neutrino mixing matrix. Explicit formulas are provided for both the minimal two-right-handed-neut
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The central claim is that the baryon-to-entropy ratio from gravitational baryogenesis does not vanish in these f(R) models during the matter-dominated epoch, provided the power-law exponent satisfies $n \neq \tfrac{1}{2}$. For Model I with $m=1$, fixing $\beta = -4\times 10^{25}$ and taking $n=0.7$ and $\alpha = -6.12\times 10^{89}$ gives $\eta/s = 9.417\times 10^{-11}$, matching the observational
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On the paper's own terms, the central discovery is that a minimal extension of the Einstein–Hilbert action in which the Lagrangian density depends jointly on $R$ and $L_m$, namely $f(R,L_m)$, is observationally viable across several independent cosmic epochs. For the model $f(R,L_m)=R/2+L_m^\alpha+\beta$, the derived Hubble rate $H(z)$ fits 57 $H(z)$ measurements and 1048 Type Ia supernovae, with
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The paper's central claim is that a non-minimal coupling between the inflaton and the Ricci scalar, $-\frac{f^2}{2}\xi\,\theta^2 R$, changes spontaneous baryogenesis by increasing the effective inflaton mass, so that the decay of the inflaton into fermion–antifermion pairs—and hence the net baryon production—is enhanced. Working semiclassically (classical inflaton and curvature, quantized fermions
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The central claim is that the operator $\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}} = (\epsilon/M_*^8)\,\partial_\mu(\mathcal{T}^2)J^\mu_B$ generates a net baryon asymmetry through the time derivative of $\mathcal{T}^2$ evaluated at decoupling, giving $n_b/s \simeq -(15g_b\epsilon/4\pi^2 g_*)\,(\dot{\mathcal{T}}^2/M_*^8 T)\big|_{T_D}$. For a perfect fluid $\mathcal{T}^2 = \rho^2(1+3w^2)$, so the coupling survives
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Within local thermal equilibrium (LTE), steady-state electroweak bubble wall solutions in the singlet, real triplet, and inert doublet extensions of the Standard Model are all deflagrations or hybrids, never detonations, and their wall velocity obeys an approximately universal linear relation, vw = 1.60 + 0.15 (Tc/v) - 1.14 (Tn/Tc), with x = Tc/v and y = Tn/Tc, across the six model setups scanned.
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The central claim is Theorem 1.1: in a conformally flat spacetime with metric $ds^2=\Omega^2(dt^2-dx^2-dy^2-dz^2)$, under spectral and smallness assumptions, the rate of baryogenesis $B_t$ has vanishing zeroth- and first-order terms and a second-order term $B_t^{(2)} = -\int \frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^3}\frac{d^3k'}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{1}{4\omega_k\omega_{k'}}\frac{1}{(\omega_{k'}+\omega_k)^2} G_{\Omega,m,u}(
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The central claim is that background-field-dependent collision terms are the microscopic friction force the fluid method misses. Concretely, integrating the modified kinetic equation with $p^z$ and over phase space gives Eq. (2.28), the friction pressure $F_{i\to j}/A$, with amplitudes evaluated using WKB mode functions in the wall background. The same expression emerges from the Kadanoff-Baym col
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The paper's claim is that cogenesis can be driven by a 'flipped rotating axion': the effective potential appearing in Eq. (5), $V_{\rm eff} = (M^4 - \frac12 \xi m_P^2 R)[1-\cos(\phi/f)]$, changes phase between inflation and kination because $R=3(1-3w)H^2$ flips sign. During inflation the minimum sits at $\phi=\pi f$; during kination that point becomes the top of the barrier and the new minimum is
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For A_CP ~ 0.04, the observed asymmetry requires a monopole density of order 0.25 of the critical density.
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Eq. (18): the produced baryon-to-entropy ratio is Y = 8.718e-11 (mM / 10^17 GeV)^-1 (ACP OmegaM / 10^-2).
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A theta angle in the SU(5) GUT can bias Callan-Rubakov monopole catalysis so that monopoles produce a net baryon asymmetry matching observations, with theta below the neutron EDM bound and monopole abundances below current bounds.
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The paper's central claim is that asymmetric Hawking radiation from a charged (Reissner-Nordström) primordial black hole can solve two cosmological puzzles at once, with no new particles beyond a dark-sector species. An effective operator of the form $S_{B-L} = \int d^4x\, \sqrt{-g}\, \lambda\, (\partial_\mu R)/M_P^2\, j^\mu_{B-L}$, motivated by gravitational baryogenesis, produces a chemical pote
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The central claim is that the combination of a complex non-minimal coupling to gravity and a complex quartic coupling in the inert sector of a $Z_2$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet model produces a genuine asymmetry between active Higgs doublets and their antiparticles at reheating. The asymmetry is calculated from the interference of the tree-level amplitude $\phi_1\phi_1\to\phi\phi$, proportional
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The paper's central claim is that experimentally produced antiatoms are spectroscopically indistinguishable from their matter counterparts. In antihydrogen, the 1S–2S transition driven by two-photon ultraviolet light, the Lyman-α line, the hyperfine sublevels of the ground state, and the small 2S–2P splitting produced by vacuum fluctuations all match ordinary hydrogen within the achieved precision
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Zero net B-L initial condition plus an out-of-equilibrium right-handed electron asymmetry is sufficient to produce the observed baryon asymmetry.
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Sphaleron freeze-out must occur at or above the electron Yukawa equilibration temperature T_e ≈ 8.7×10^4 GeV.
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Under high-scale electroweak symmetry non-restoration, a primordial chiral electron asymmetry can generate the observed baryon asymmetry without explicit B-L violation.
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The central claim, on the paper's own terms, is that localized nonperturbative structures do not require topology: a complex scalar with a potential that dips below its quadratic term admits spherically symmetric solutions of the form $\varphi=f(r)e^{-i\omega t}$ whose energy is minimized at fixed U(1) charge, and a real scalar with the same kind of attractive potential admits approximately period
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On the paper's own terms, the bubble-wall terminal velocity is determined by how well the plasma thermalizes around the wall. In local thermal equilibrium everywhere, the additional condition fixing the wall velocity is entropy conservation across the wall. When equilibrium holds only away from the wall and particles move ballistically through it, the terminal velocity is instead fixed by matching
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The central claim is that, for a free quantum field defined globally on $dS_d$ spacetime, matter and antimatter are two faces of the same field seen from opposite causal patches. Choosing a local observer's proper time breaks $T$ symmetry within the static patch $D_g(x_\bullet)$ and identifies the field there as matter; the same global field, evaluated at the mirror point $(-x^0, \mathbf{x}, -x^d)
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The central claim is that the dimension-six gravity-assisted baryogenesis operator $(R/\Lambda^2) B_{\mu\nu}\tilde{B}^{\mu\nu}$ in $R^2$-Higgs inflation must have its cutoff $\Lambda$ in a specific narrow window, because the preheating stage fixes the reheating temperature: $\Lambda \sim 2.2 \times 10^{-5}\, M_{\rm P}$ for $\xi_H \approx 1$ and $\sim 2.6 \times 10^{-5}\, M_{\rm P}$ for $\xi_H \app
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The paper's central claim is that setting the Compton wavelength of condensed light equal to the horizon circumference, $\lambda_{\mathrm{sm}} = 2\pi R_s$, turns every black hole attribute, including mass, radius, entropy, temperature, lifetime, luminosity, and information content, into a quantized function of a single integer $n_s$. The mass ladder $M_s = M_p\sqrt{n_s}$ follows immediately, and i
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The central claim is that baryon-number violation through sphaleron transitions near a Schwarzschild horizon is neither exponentially suppressed nor limited to one unit of baryon number per event. The paper argues that the one-loop radiative correction to the Higgs potential, modified by the universal factor $\psi^3/N$, drives the effective potential negative when the lapse function vanishes at th
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The paper's central claim is that the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism, originally formulated with the Ricci scalar $R$, survives intact when the curvature scalar is replaced by torsion-based combinations in extended teleparallel gravity. Using a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with power-law scale factor $a(t)=m_0 t^\gamma$ and a universe filled with a perfect fluid plus dark energy,
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The central claim is that baryogenesis can happen by "throwing away" antilepton number during reheating rather than by creating net lepton number at high temperature. Inflaton decays inject a coherent lepton state $|L_\phi\rangle=\sum_i c_i|i\rangle$ at time $t_R$; the plasma's flavor-dependent thermal potentials give the electron, muon, and tau components different phases, and the small neutrino
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On the paper's own terms, the central discovery is that the freeze-out baryon-to-entropy ratio in quintessential inflation is fixed by the scale-factor ratio $\gamma = a_F/a_{\mathrm{th}}$ and the effective cutoff $M$, with the inflationary scale cancelling out of the final expression. During the kinetic regime the scalar velocity scales as $\dot{\varphi}\simeq V_{\mathrm{end}}^{1/2}(a_{\mathrm{en
Stated claims
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The central discovery is that a non-supersymmetric SU(5) GUT augmented by a non-holomorphic modular S'_4 symmetry and a global Peccei–Quinn U(1) symmetry can simultaneously account for all measured fermion masses and mixing parameters and the cosmic baryon asymmetry. The modular symmetry, realized through polyharmonic Maaß forms, provides a parametrically economical description: a single complex modulus τ controls many ratios. The model achieves χ²_min = 0.919 (normal ordering) and 1.135 (inverted ordering), with all fifteen fitted observables within 1σ. In the neutrino sector, the type-I seesaw mechanism generates small masses, and the CP-violating decays of the resulting heavy right-handed neutrinos produce a lepton asymmetry whose evolution is solved via density-matrix Boltzmann equations. Varying only the overall right-handed neutrino scale b yields the observed η_B. The model also predicts absolute neutrino masses, Dirac and Majorana CP phases, and the effective Majorana mass m_{ββ}, providing testable targets for upcoming experiments.
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On the paper's own terms, the central claim is that a single spectator-sector first-order phase transition, driven by the rolling inflaton, can carry a full causal chain: bubbles nucleate during a finite window of inflation, grow with cosmic expansion, and are stranded as metastable false-vacuum interiors when the vacuum ordering reverses; the largest bubbles re-enter the horizon on the supercritical branch and become PBHs in the parent universe, with characteristic mass set by the bubble scale accumulated during inflation, $M_\star\simeq v_{\rm eff}^2(e^{N_\star}-1)^2/(2GH_i)$. The resulting PBHs, of order $10^5$–$10^6$ g for the benchmark points, evaporate before big bang nucleosynthesis. In the final explosive stage, energy deposition restores electroweak symmetry locally even after ambient sphaleron processes freeze out, and with a CP-violating operator at scale $\Lambda=1$ TeV the normalized baryon yield reaches $Y_{\rm SB}=1.19\times10^{-1}$ of the observed value (point BP6). The same population sources a gravitational-wave background from density fluctuations that peaks at $\Omega^{\rm DF,peak}_{\rm GW,0}h^2=2.26\times10^{-7}$ near 11.5 Hz (point BP1) when a PBH-dominated epoch precedes evaporation. The authors present these numbers as order-of-magnitude estimates establishing that the chain is consistent, not as precision predictions.
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On its own terms, the paper's discovery is that the simplest CP-violating version of the 2HDMS that accommodates the 95 GeV excess — CP phases confined to the two observed scalars, with $\alpha_{24}=0.00663$ and $\alpha_{34}=0.03565$ — is simultaneously allowed by the electron EDM bound $|d_e|<4.1\times 10^{-30}\,e\,{\rm cm}$ and within reach of a 250 GeV $e^+e^-$ collider. The EDM constraint is evaded because fermion- and scalar-loop Barr-Zee diagrams contribute with opposite signs and cancel along a thin band in the $(\alpha_{24},\alpha_{34})$ plane. The collider handle is the angular observable $\Phi^*_{\rm CP}$ built from tau decay products in the reconstructed $h_{95}$ rest frame: its distribution is $\frac{1}{\Gamma}\frac{d\Gamma}{d\Phi^*_{\rm CP}}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\bigl[1-\frac{\pi^2}{16}\cos(\Phi^*_{\rm CP}-2\phi_\tau)\bigr]$, so the forward-backward asymmetry measures $\sin 2\phi_\tau$, which is proportional to $\alpha_{34}$. With 5.6 ab$^{-1}$ at 250 GeV, the hadronic channel gives $\sigma_{\alpha_{34}}=\pm 0.01$ and the semileptonic channel $\pm 0.027$ after the Drell-Yan background is included, and the combination again yields $\sigma_{\alpha_{34}}=\pm 0.01$, corresponding to $\sin 2\phi_\tau \lesssim 0.00396$. Since the EDM-allowed value 0.036 is about 3.6 times that error, the paper concludes that a 95 GeV scalar CP phase invisible to EDM searches would be observable at a future 250 GeV lepton collider, and that the same machine could probe most of the region where the model reproduces the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
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On the paper's own terms, the central claim is a standard of practice rather than a single number: a complete electroweak or beyond-the-Standard-Model scenario should report one energy budget that yields the baryon-to-entropy ratio $Y_B$, the present-day magnetic-field spectrum $\{B_0, \lambda_0, f_h\}$, and the gravitational-wave spectra $\{\Omega_{\rm GW}(f), \Pi_{\rm GW}(f)\}$, with matched assumptions about the electroweak crossover, anomalous charge transport, and magnetohydrodynamic evolution. The argument is that each arrow in this chain already exists in the literature — transition parameters $(T_*, \alpha, \beta/H_*, v_w, R_*H_*)$ produce initial magnetic data $\{B_*, \lambda_*, f_{h,*}\}$, the change in helicity sources $Y_B$, and the same anisotropic stresses source gravitational waves, including the circular-polarization spectrum $\Pi_{\rm GW}$ — but almost no calculation controls the entire chain in one model. The paper therefore defines the field's next task as reducing the matching uncertainty between adjacent steps rather than adding new mechanisms, and it identifies the least-controlled step explicitly: helicity-decay baryogenesis is a well-motivated Standard Model mechanism whose precision efficiency remains under active investigation, with a recent gauge-invariant treatment of magnetic flux through the crossover finding order-one corrections plus an additional nonperturbative process.
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In the minimal type-II seesaw model with a renormalization-group-improved one-loop finite-temperature effective potential, the only completed first-order electroweak phase transitions are weak (Δφ/T_c between 0.18 and 0.44), fast (β/H_* between 4×10⁴ and 1×10⁶), and exhibit negligible supercooling (T_n within 0.02% – 0.6% of T_c). Their gravitational wave spectra lie at least 10 orders of magnitude below the power-law-integrated sensitivities of LISA, DECIGO, and BBO. The widely used cut v_c/T_c > 1 selects a set of first-order degeneracies whose parent phase is already strongly broken and whose zero-temperature endpoint is almost never the required electroweak vacuum; these degeneracies have transition strengths 5 to 7 orders of magnitude larger than the completed transitions, but they do not correspond to actual cosmological phase transitions. The RG improvement is essential: without it, none of the seven benchmark points has a first-order phase transition into a stable vacuum at any scale choice.
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The claim is that the phase of a singlet vacuum expectation value can be the single CP-violating input behind both neutrino mixing and leptogenesis, in a model with no other source of CP violation. Imposing the $\mathcal{Z}_4$ symmetry on three generations gives the inverse light-neutrino mass matrix two texture zeros, in two inequivalent ways ($B_5$ and $B_6$); expanding in $\varepsilon=\Delta m^2_{21}/|\Delta m^2_{31}|\simeq0.03$ reduces these to a handful of leading-order relations, of which $(t^{(0)}_{23})^2=m_0/m_3$ fixes the atmospheric octant by the mass ordering and forces $m_{\rm lightest}\gtrsim58$ meV, while $\delta$ is left free at zeroth order and lands near $3\pi/2$ only at first order. On the leptogenesis side, the same structure makes the conventional type-I CP asymmetry vanish, since $H_{13}\simeq H_{23}\simeq0$ and $\mathrm{Im}[H_{12}^2]=0$, so the baryon asymmetry must come from the new scalar-mediated wave contribution to $\varepsilon_2$, proportional to $\sin4\varphi$. That ties the sign of $\eta_B$ to whether $y_2<y_3$, and solving the unflavoured Boltzmann equations shows that the observed $\eta_B^0=(6.12\pm0.04)\times10^{-10}$ is reproduced along narrow bands in $M_1/M_2$ versus $M_2/M_3$ and in $m_{h_2}/M_1$ versus $M_2/M_3$.
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The central claim is that the Type IIA instanton mechanism can be made quantitatively consistent with both neutrino data and the baryon asymmetry. Concretely, Euclidean D2-branes with $\mathrm{Sp}(2)$ Chan-Paton symmetry, wrapping rigid three-cycles of the $T^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2)$ orientifold, produce the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass matrix $M_R^{ab} = 2 M_s \sum_r d_a^{(r)} d_b^{(r)} e^{-U_r}$ and, through a parallel set of instantons, the dimension-five Weinberg operator. With the right-handed masses placed in the thermal leptogenesis window ($M_1 = 3\times 10^{10}$ GeV, $M_2 = 7.5\times 10^{10}$ GeV, $M_3 = 10^{11}$ GeV) and the string scale at $10^{17}$ GeV, the paper inverts the mass formula to find the required flavor vectors $d_r \approx (1.1,\,3.4,\,9.2)\times 10^{-3}$; together with a Casas\textendash Ibarra reconstruction of the neutrino Yukawa matrix, these give a CP asymmetry $\epsilon_1 \approx 1.5 \times 10^{-6}$, strong washout with efficiency $\kappa_f \approx 5.6\times 10^{-3}$, and $\eta_B \approx 8.6 \times 10^{-11}$. The same benchmark predicts $\langle m_{\beta\beta}\rangle = 2.594$ meV. The paper also argues that inverse ordering would violate the cosmological bound on the sum of neutrino masses and that the Weinberg-dominated case is inconsistent with positive instanton actions, leaving seesaw-dominated normal ordering as the consistent option. It is equally explicit about the status of the result: the flavor vectors are inputs fixed by matching, the hierarchy is accommodated rather than predicted, and the parameter scan finds that only 0.89\% of the sampled space places the right-handed masses in the leptogenesis window.
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The article's central claim is that the spin-torsion interaction of Einstein-Cartan gravity generates a real energy difference between a fermion and its antiparticle. Because spin sources torsion, and torsion feeds back into the Dirac equation through the spinor connection, the Dirac equation becomes the Hehl-Datta equation, cubic in the spinor field. Under charge conjugation the cubic term changes sign relative to the mass term, so matter and antimatter satisfy different field equations (equations 72 and 74). Using the Wakano spherical-spinor ansatz in a static, centrally symmetric metric, the paper reduces the system to radial equations and obtains the energy density $T^t{}_t+U^t{}_t = E e^{-\nu/2}(g^2+f^2) - \frac{1}{2}Kc[(g^2-f^2)^2+\frac{4}{3}(gf)^2]$ for a positive-energy (matter) spinor, while the charge-conjugated negative-energy (antimatter) spinor gets the same expression with the torsion term positive (equations 78 and 79). The ground state of the fermion is therefore lower than the ground state of the corresponding antifermion, an asymmetry the paper attributes to spacetime torsion rather than to new particle physics. The accompanying Einstein-Cartan-Dirac equations admit localized, particle-like soliton solutions whose matter and antimatter profiles differ slightly, and the paper argues the energy gap could have acted in the early universe.
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The claim is that a Gauss-Bonnet braneworld supplies a negative $\dot R$ at the earliest times, and a large enough one to freeze in the observed baryon asymmetry. In the Gauss-Bonnet regime, $\eta = \frac{3\mu}{4}(1+w)(1-w)\frac{1+\beta}{\beta}\frac{T^3}{M_{Pl}^2 M_*^2}$, whose $(1-w)$ factor equals $2/3$ rather than zero at $w=1/3$; the flat radiation universe that defeats the general-relativistic version of the mechanism therefore no longer does. With $T_D = 2\times10^{16}$ GeV and $M_* = M_{Pl}$ the temperature factor is $2.276\times10^{-25}$, and the tabulated results reach $\eta \approx 8.5\times10^{-11}$ for $\beta$ between $10^{-2}$ and $10^{-3}$ at $\mu = 10^{12}$ GeV, and for $\beta$ between $10^{-1}$ and $10^{-2}$ at $\mu = 10^{13}$ GeV, while every $\mu = 10^{14}$ GeV entry overshoots. The paper also establishes a structural obstruction: the intermediate Randall-Sundrum era has $\dot R > 0$, so a viable history must either keep baryon-number decoupling inside the Gauss-Bonnet era or skip that era by setting $\beta = 0.1509$, where the Gauss-Bonnet and brane-tension mass scales coincide.
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The central claim is that the non-invertible fusion algebra $\mathbb{Z}^{IN}_5$, obtained by gauging the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ automorphism $g^k \to g^{-k}$ of $\mathbb{Z}_5$, fixes the charged-lepton, Dirac neutrino, and heavy Majorana mass matrices up to a handful of coupling parameters. With the three lepton doublets assigned to the fusion sectors $[0]$, $[1]$, $[2]$ and the two right-handed neutrinos to $[1]$ and $[2]$, the fusion rules permit Yukawa couplings only in the $(e,N_1)$, $(\mu,N_2)$, $(\tau,N_1)$, and $(\tau,N_2)$ positions, and force the heavy Majorana mass matrix to be exactly diagonal. The resulting light-neutrino texture has a vanishing $(\mu,e)$ entry, and that single texture zero is decisive: in normal ordering it demands a ratio $m_2/m_3$ of $0.25$–$0.46$, whereas oscillation data give about $0.17$–$0.18$, so the texture alone excludes normal ordering. Under inverted ordering with $m_3 = 0$, the surviving parameter space predicts $\delta_{CP} \approx 268^\circ$–$271^\circ$, $J_{CP} \in [-0.0349, -0.0322]$, $\sum m_\nu \simeq 0.098$–$0.100$ eV, and $m_{\beta\beta} \simeq 47$–$48$ meV, all consistent with current bounds. With heavy-neutrino masses around $6 \times 10^{13}$ GeV and hierarchical mass ratios, the same sector produces the observed baryon-to-photon ratio through unflavored thermal leptogenesis.
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The central discovery is that a single gauged chiral U(1)_χ symmetry, with charges chosen to forbid dimension-5 operators in both the clockwork and Nelson-Barr sectors while cancelling anomalies with additional vector-like quarks, resolves the quality problems that plagued earlier Nelson-Barr relaxion constructions. This raises the Nelson-Barr quality ceiling from f ≲ $10^{8}$ GeV to f ≲ $10^{13}$ GeV, and for the benchmark couplings studied the phenomenological ceiling for the scale of CP violation becomes f_pheno_max ~ 4×$10^{11}$ GeV, about eight times larger than in the original NBR model. The charge assignment (Table 1) also allows a type-I seesaw for neutrino masses and, provided the right-handed-neutrino masses and reheating temperature satisfy the Davidson–Ibarra bound, thermal leptogenesis can explain the baryon asymmetry.
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The paper's central claim is conditional: a heavy pseudo-Dirac electroweak doublet - a pair of vector-like fermions whose two neutral states are split by a few hundred keV and therefore scatter inelastically off nuclei - can serve as dark matter in the $10^2$--$10^4$ TeV range, and the same reheating history that dilutes its thermal relic can also generate the baryon asymmetry, but only in a narrow corner of parameter space. Freeze-out during an inflaton-dominated era followed by entropy production reproduces the observed abundance $\Omega_{\rm DM} h^2 \simeq 0.12$ with reheating temperatures $T_R$ of order a TeV (Eq. (46)). At such low temperatures, non-thermal leptogenesis needs an effective CP asymmetry $\epsilon$ exceeding the Davidson-Ibarra bound by $10^3$--$10^4$ (Eq. (55)), a level the paper exhibits in $N_2$-dominated benchmark points that keep all Yukawa couplings perturbative while demanding cancellations of order $10^3$--$10^4$ among the seesaw contributions. The paper then shows that two post-freeze-out production channels - four-body decays $\bar N_R \to \ell + H + \chi + \bar\chi$ with a branching fraction of order $10^{-4}$, and thermalization-cascade pair production - each overproduce dark matter, so viability requires $M_N < 2m_D$ and a low inflaton mass $m_\Phi \sim 10^6$ GeV at $T_R \sim 0.1$ TeV (Eqs. (85)--(86)). The conclusion is existence in principle, not a demonstrated benchmark: the paper states that whether all requirements can be met simultaneously calls for a more detailed analysis.
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The central discovery is that CP violation arising purely from a renormalizable scalar-gauge sector (without scalar-fermion Yukawa couplings) is necessarily C-odd and P-even. This follows from the fact that parity is conserved in any renormalizable theory of scalars and gauge bosons once orbital angular momentum is accounted for, so any CP violation must originate from C violation. All flavor-diagonal EDM operators are C-even and P-odd; therefore, by discrete symmetry quantum numbers, such CP violation cannot produce an EDM directly. The paper demonstrates this in the I(2+1)HDM, where an exact Z2 symmetry forbids Yukawa couplings for inert scalars, making all standard one-loop and Barr-Zee diagrams vanish exactly. The authors further conjecture that this immunity persists even when the C-odd, P-even vertices are embedded in the full electroweak theory including axial gauge-fermion couplings, but leave this as an open question.
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Stated on the model's own terms, the central discovery is a structural no-go. The two-step mechanism does not merely tolerate a large portal coupling; it requires one, $\lambda_{H\phi} \gtrsim 0.32$, and that same coupling sets the spin-independent singlet-nucleon cross section. The observed relic density then forces the singlet to be underabundant, with relic fractions $f_\phi = 0.039$, $0.234$, and $0.539$ at the three benchmarks, and even the maximally generous rescaling of the cross section by $f_\phi$ leaves it above the LZ-2024 bound at every parameter point completing the two-step history — by four to five orders of magnitude away from $m_\phi \simeq m_h/2$, and by a narrower margin on the resonance, where resonant annihilation depletes the abundance. The light window $m_\phi < m_h/2$ is closed separately by the Higgs invisible-width constraint. Within the standard freeze-out picture and the standard local-density assumption, the singlet therefore cannot both trigger the strongly first-order electroweak transition and be dark matter. The companion positive result is that the surviving mechanism radiates gravitational waves in the decihertz band, peaking at 0.08–0.34 Hz across the viable region (0.14–0.22 Hz at the benchmarks), with the strongest transitions — about a quarter of the scan, including two of the three benchmarks — above the DECIGO sensitivity curve and more of the region within BBO reach, once the finite-lifetime suppression of the acoustic source is included.
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The central claim is that gravitational baryogenesis in asymptotically safe gravity, using either the interaction J^μ ∂_μ R or J^μ ∂_μ $R^{2}$, can produce a baryon-to-entropy ratio of order $10^{{-11}}$ consistent with Planck 2018 data, provided the expansion parameter α (defined via a(t) ∝ t^α) takes values in the intervals 0.51 < α < 0.5304 (for J^μ ∂_μ R) or 0.6251 < α < 0.6361 (for J^μ ∂_μ $R^{2}$). These windows are obtained by imposing the radiation-era condition β = 4α − 2 on the running Newton constant G_k ∝ t^β and solving the resulting expression for η_B numerically. The paper interprets this agreement as evidence that the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism can be realized within asymptotically safe gravity.
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The central discovery is that the off-shell contributions of the leptophilic heavy Higgs doublets to µ+µ−→ℓ+ℓ− processes at multi-TeV muon colliders are large enough to be detectable, provided the Yukawa couplings are not too small and the heavy masses are not too far above the collider energy. Using a χ² test incorporating the cross sections and forward-backward asymmetry, the authors find that a 10 TeV muon collider can cover essentially all of the viable parameter space for which the model generates the baryon asymmetry, while a 3 TeV collider covers a significant fraction. The sensitivity is driven primarily by the µ+µ−→µ+µ− channel, whose small statistical uncertainty yields strong constraints.
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The authors show that in a type-I seesaw model with spontaneously broken global lepton number (U(1)L) and a discrete Z2 symmetry, two right-handed neutrinos form an almost exact Dirac fermion with a tiny mass splitting generated by higher-dimensional operators. This quasi-Dirac neutrino, with mass 0.1–10 GeV, can produce the correct baryon asymmetry through out-of-equilibrium Higgs decays (H → L N) in the early Universe. The CP asymmetry arises solely from finite-temperature effects, because the required absorptive part in the loop diagram is absent at zero temperature. Successful leptogenesis occurs for vacuum mass splittings where the total splitting is dominated either by vacuum or thermal contributions, and the observed asymmetry can be reproduced for different Majorana phases. The viable parameter space for active–sterile mixing overlaps significantly with the projected sensitivities of SHiP, MATHUSLA, and FCC-ee.
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The paper shows that a rotating QCD axion can source the baryon asymmetry via sphaleron transitions (axiogenesis), but in the minimal setup the same rotation overproduces dark matter because SM friction is too weak. The authors demonstrate that adding a dark confining SU(Nd) gauge group in thermal contact with the SM provides sufficient sphaleron friction to damp the axion motion after baryogenesis, preventing overclosure. To also avoid spoiling the strong CP solution, the dark and QCD instanton potentials must act along non-aligned axion directions, requiring at least a second axion. A third axion is needed if the rotation originates from a monodromy potential (a technically natural source of PQ breaking). The paper solves the coupled axion–Boltzmann system numerically and finds viable parameter regions where either the QCD axion or the new heavy axion constitutes the dominant dark matter, with the QCD axion decay constant near its current lower bound of ~5×$10^{7}$ GeV and the heavy axion detectable by future direct and astrophysical searches.
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The central claim is that a right-handed neutrino that decouples from neutrino-mass generation is cosmologically active rather than inert. Populated thermally through the $B-L$ gauge interaction, the state falls out of equilibrium once the $Z'$ boson freezes out; it later turns non-relativistic, comes to dominate the energy density, and drives an early matter-dominated era that lasts until its decay. The entropy released at decay dilutes any pre-existing lepton asymmetry, so matching the observed baryon asymmetry becomes a constraint on the lightest active neutrino mass: the lifetime, and therefore the dilution, is controlled by the same tiny Yukawa coupling that fixes that mass through the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation. When the heaviest state $N_3$ is the decoupled one, the matter-dominated era also lowers the equilibration temperatures of the charged-lepton Yukawa interactions, which can keep a comparatively light $N_1$ in the unflavoured leptogenesis regime. On the gravitational-wave side, cosmic strings formed at $B-L$ breaking emit a nearly flat background, and the early matter-dominated era cuts a break into the spectrum; the break frequency is set by the temperature $T_{\rm end}$ at which the era ends, which scales as $M_{\rm dec}\sqrt{m_l}$. For $v_{BL}=10^{13}$ GeV the computed spectra lie within the reach of SKA, THEIA, LISA, $\mu$ARES, DECIGO and ET over a wide range of $m_l$, including values far below laboratory sensitivity, so an observed break would tie the seesaw scale, the thermal history, and the gravitational-wave signal together through a single $B-L$ breaking scale.
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The central claim is that allowing right-handed neutrinos to decay during the preheating stage, rather than after it, can enhance the final baryon asymmetry by roughly two orders of magnitude. The mechanism is that each time the right-handed neutrino mass crosses zero during inflaton oscillations, fermions are produced and their occupation numbers saturate near unity due to Pauli blocking. When the decay width is large enough to remove these occupations between successive zero crossings, the Pauli bound is effectively reset, and the total accumulated number of produced right-handed neutrinos equals the sum of individual production events, which can be much larger than unity. Numerically, for the chosen parameters, the enhancement factor is about 100, close to one tenth of the total number of zero crossings (~1000). The result bridges previously separated regimes — fast decay during production, moderate decay before reheating, and slow decay after reheating — within a single set of quantum Boltzmann equations.
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The central discovery is that the nonlocal retarded kernels in the CTP effective action, after applying the quasiadiabatic expansion and a Markovian approximation, reduce to local dissipation terms proportional to the field velocity, while the imaginary part of the effective action produces Gaussian noise fields that satisfy a fluctuation–dissipation relation. The procedure yields explicit expressions for the dissipation coefficients and noise correlation functions in terms of the thermal propagators. For the two-field case, the equations acquire a dissipation matrix with off-diagonal elements that couple the two order parameters, and the noise sources become correlated. The framework is derived at two-loop order and includes the leading thermal corrections to masses and couplings.
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The core discovery is that in the aligned two-Higgs doublet model, the CP asymmetry for each lepton flavour receives contributions from both Higgs doublets, leading to novel interference terms not present in single-Higgs leptogenesis. For each viable parameter point, washout is weak in one flavour direction (K1alpha < 1) and strong in the other two; the surviving flavour asymmetry then dominates the final baryon asymmetry after sphaleron conversion. The allowed parameter points correlate with small heavy-neutrino mass splittings, but remain in the non-resonant regime ($\Delta$ M >> Gamma).
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The core discovery is that the minimally modified FGY (MMFGY) framework provides an economical setting in which low-energy neutrino observables can be connected with leptogenesis and characteristic correlations among the low-energy CP phases can be predicted, without imposing the full two-zero FGY texture. In the explicit-CP realization, twelve high-energy Yukawa configurations reduce to three independent low-energy equivalence classes, each giving a distinct relation between the Dirac phase δ and the Majorana phase σ and a corresponding prediction for the effective Majorana mass ⟨m_ee⟩ at the $10^{{-3}}$ eV level. In both realizations, a strongly suppressed second Yukawa entry can emerge at the level of about 10% of the other entries in the same right-handed neutrino column, although the full-matrix hierarchy remains moderate in the quasi-degenerate regime. The leptogenesis analysis demonstrates that the observed baryon asymmetry can be reproduced for non-degenerate, TeV-scale quasi-degenerate, and low-mass (100 GeV, 1 GeV) right-handed neutrinos, with successful parameter regions highly sensitive to the detailed high-energy Yukawa structure, the mass splitting, and the initial right-handed neutrino abundance.
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The central claim is that washout timing, not injection strength, controls the sign of the final baryon asymmetry along the studied mass trajectory. Lowering M1/M2 from 6.30524e-3 to 7.5e-4 changes the normalized all-source ratio R_all from about +26.7 to -5.28, while the integrated norm of the nonthermal N2 injection changes by only 3.94e-5 relatively. In a fixed-source experiment in which the N1 inverse-decay and \$\Delta$ L=1 scattering block W1(N) is translated to W1(N-\delta) with shape and integrated strength preserved, the nonthermal N2 contribution R_nt2 changes from +26.04 to -5.25 at \delta_* = 2.12930, reproducing the sign reversal; at the two physical target masses, 99.3% and 99.7% of the abundance change from the common reference is explained by translation alone. Decomposing the N2 CP source shows the projector-aligned component remains positive under both histories, while the initially trace-free component reverses its propagated contribution from +15.39 to -15.81, supplying about 99.7% of the timing contrast and determining the negative delayed sign. Rapid damping of e-mu coherence largely removes this contrast, whereas rapid muon chemical equilibration does not.
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The paper's central claim is a quantitative, model-aware lower bound on the B-mesogenesis reheating temperature. Combining a modified time–temperature relation for the $\Phi$-dominated era (from BBN-simple) with hadronic-shower effects from $\Phi\to b\bar b$ (from AABBN) and neutrino injection spectra (from PPPC4DMID), the authors find that hadrons skewing neutron–proton interconversion dominate by about an order of magnitude over the two other effects. The resulting 3$\sigma$ limits are $T_{\rm rh}\gtrsim 9.5\,$MeV at $M_\Phi=100\,$GeV and $T_{\rm rh}\gtrsim 9.8\,$MeV at $M_\Phi=20\,$GeV, well fitted by $T_{\rm rh} > (10.3 - 0.42\log_{10}(M_\Phi/{\rm GeV}))\,$MeV. In lifetime language, $\Phi$ must decay within $\tau\lesssim 0.02\,$s. Neutrino heating raises the electron-neutrino temperature by less than half a percent and, the authors argue, even treating the injected energy as purely electromagnetic changes the bound by at most 5 percent, while the residual time-dependence of the baryon asymmetry is a still weaker effect. The paper therefore replaces the commonly quoted $T_{\rm rh}>4\,$MeV rule of thumb with a roughly 10 MeV requirement that cannot be relaxed much within the mass range where B-mesogenesis can still produce the observed baryon asymmetry.
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The central claim is that a single additional $Z_2$-even charged singlet scalar $\phi$ reopens the dark-matter desert of the minimal scalar singlet model. The new annihilation channel $\eta\eta\to\phi\phi$, controlled by the portal coupling $\lambda_{12}$, sets the relic abundance for DM masses from roughly 100 GeV to the TeV scale, a range where pure Higgs-portal singlet DM is excluded by LZ, XENONnT and PandaX-4T; the DM-nucleon scattering induced at one loop through the effective vertex $\lambda_{\eta\eta h} = \lambda_{13} + (\lambda_{12}\lambda_{23}/16\pi^2)\ln(m_\phi^2/\mu^2)$ keeps the cross-section within reach of current and next-generation direct-detection experiments. The paper further claims that, in a subset of the same parameter space, the high-temperature coefficient $C_\varphi$ of the charged scalar becomes negative: the authors' own scan finds the leading-order $C^0_\varphi$ always positive, with the sign flip emerging from the subleading daisy correction of Eq. (36). A negative $C_\varphi$ lets $\phi$ acquire a VEV at early times that breaks $U(1)_Y$, and cooling then restores the standard Higgs minimum through a first-order phase transition with $v_c/T_c > 1$, a strong transition whose stochastic gravitational-wave background peaks within LISA's sensitivity band while BBO and DECIGO probe a further part. The same parameter subset is put forward as viable for generating the baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis.
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The central claim is that breaking all continuous MSSM gauge symmetries during inflation, with every gauge boson heavier than the Hubble scale ($m_{\rm gauge}\gtrsim H$), removes the long-range gauge fields that the Festina Lente argument needs to construct its charged Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black holes, and therefore evades the bound without small gauge couplings or MeV-scale inflation. The paper catalogues the flat directions that achieve complete breaking: five single-direction monomials (Table 1, including $\bar{d}\bar{d}\bar{d}LL$, $Q\bar{u}Q\bar{u}\bar{e}$, $QQQQ\bar{u}$, $(QQQ)_4LLL\bar{e}$, $\bar{u}\bar{u}\bar{d}Q\bar{d}Q\bar{d}$) and 27 pairs of two excited directions (Table 2). The key observation is that all five single-direction types carry nonzero $B-L$, making them natural Affleck–Dine baryogenesis candidates, and that in the fully Higgsed configurations the large VEV required for successful AD baryogenesis—$v_{\rm inf}/H \gtrsim 2.3\times 10^4$ from the baryon isocurvature bound at $n=10$—lies far above the FL Higgs threshold $v_{\rm inf}/H \gtrsim 1/g_{\rm eff}\simeq 2$. The proposed connection is that the FL bound, rather than being in tension with cosmology, motivates exactly the class of flat directions that AD baryogenesis needs.
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On the paper's own terms, the discovery is that the flavon fields responsible for spontaneously breaking the flavor symmetry and generating the nontrivial neutrino mass structure can also be the sole source of the CP asymmetry needed for leptogenesis, adapting earlier scalar-assisted decay and vectorlike-mediated three-body decay machinery to the exactly degenerate regimes where conventional leptogenesis fails. In an $S_4$ framework realizing the TM1 mixing pattern, a flavon whose couplings to right-handed neutrinos, rotated into the RHN mass basis, become non-diagonal opens the channels $N_I \to N_J \phi$ and generates vertex and self-energy contributions to the flavor-dependent CP asymmetries that are not killed by the orthogonality of the Yukawa columns. For $M_R \propto I$, the interference between two heavy vectorlike fermion mediators in the three-body decay $N_I \to L_\alpha H \phi$ produces a CP asymmetry independent of RHN mass splitting. The paper reports successful reproduction of the observed baryon asymmetry in both channels, with a lightest RHN mass as low as $M_3 \simeq 0.8$ TeV for the $M_D \propto I$ case and $M_0$ as low as about $2\times 10^8$ GeV for the $M_R \propto I$ case, within parameter regions consistent with Higgs measurements and scalar-potential constraints.
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The paper claims that the νMSM can explain neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry, and the dark-matter abundance only within a parameter space limited in all directions, with heavy neutrino pair masses M < 50 GeV. For normal neutrino mass ordering two separate islands survive: roughly 4 GeV < M < 50 GeV through a low-temperature resonant-decay version of leptogenesis, and M < 5 GeV down to just above the kaon mass through a newly discovered ignition mechanism; for inverted ordering only 0.8 GeV < M < 7 GeV remains, produced by ignition alone. In the meson-decay mass range the mixing U² sits at least an order of magnitude above the seesaw floor, so the islands fall inside the projected discovery reach of SHiP, the HL-LHC, and FCC-ee. The paper further predicts a physical mass splitting ΔM_physsmall enough that coherent N₂–N₃ oscillations would appear over macroscopic baselines — meters for normal ordering, kilometers for inverted ordering — making the degeneracy itself a testable fingerprint of the dark-matter-production mechanism.
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Quoting Sec 3 and Sec 4: 'BBN measurements disfavor at the 1σ level the parameter region with β/H_n ≲ 5-6 for α_n ≳ 0.5 (conservative cutoff k_cut = k_th) and β/H_n ≲ 10-13 for α_n ≳ 0.1 (k_cut = ∞), for 0.5 GeV < T_n < 100 GeV'; and the NANOGrav-compatible FOPT region is disfavored by the BBN bound if the power spectrum of Eq (2.24) remains valid down to sub-bubble scales. What is true if the paper is correct: parts of the (α_n, β/H_n) plane with large latent heat and slow transitions are excluded by precision deuterium data at the 1σ level, and baryogenesis cannot simply predate the transition in the NANOGrav-compatible region.
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In darkogenesis, the asymmetry is stored in a dark-sector particle chi that travels over much larger distances than ordinary baryons before decaying, erasing the spatial inhomogeneities imprinted by a supercooled phase transition before the baryon asymmetry is established. Concretely, for TRH = 1 GeV, beta/H = 10, and tau_ch = 0.1 s, the erasure condition holds for M >= 65 TeV (Eq. 18), i.e., a cross section below roughly 0.8 pb, giving a viable parameter region (the white region of Fig. 1) consistent with BBN.
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The model simultaneously accounts for the observed neutrino oscillation pattern, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through TeV-scale leptogenesis, and potentially observable cLFV processes (abstract, [b5]). Quantitatively, the scan reproduces the neutrino observables at chi2_min = 0.01 (NO) and 0.005 (IO) [b127], and successful leptogenesis requires the lightest pseudo-Dirac neutrino around 5-6 TeV (NO) or 3-4 TeV (IO) with the baryon asymmetry matching Planck's YB = 8.7e-11 (figure 8). If the paper is correct, an inverse seesaw with D4 flavor symmetry is a viable and testable framework linking low-energy neutrino observables to TeV-scale cosmology.
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The central claim is that Planck-scale black hole remnants and PBH-only non-thermal leptogenesis are incompatible, but the tension is resolved when a thermal contribution to leptogenesis is included. In that case, a single initial PBH mass around 1.2 × $10^{6}$ grams can simultaneously: (i) produce Planck-scale remnants that account for all of dark matter, (ii) provide the right-handed neutrino mass (~4.4 × $10^{11}$ GeV) that gives the observed baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis, and (iii) be consistent with the Pati-Salam breaking scale (≳ 4 × $10^{12}$ GeV). The paper demonstrates this by deriving the relic abundance of remnants as a function of initial PBH mass and showing that the sphaleron freeze-out bound (M_in ≲ 4.2 × $10^{5}$ g) for PBH-only leptogenesis is violated by the mass required for remnants to be all of dark matter (M_in ≃ 1.1 × $10^{6}$ g for r=1). When thermal production of right-handed neutrinos is included, the asymmetry is generated earlier and the sphaleron bound is relaxed, allowing the heavier PBH mass to work.
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The central claim is that quantum technologies—digital quantum simulation and quantum-enhanced sensing—are now poised to address fundamental open problems in particle physics, such as hadronization, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the nature of dark matter, by providing computational and experimental capabilities that surpass classical limitations. The review surveys the foundational algorithms for simulating lattice gauge theories, the design principles for resonant cavity and circuit detectors, quantum magnetometry, and superconducting pair-breaking sensors, and concludes that the convergence of these fields is beginning to reshape the research landscape.
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The central discovery is that a short lukewarm inflation stage—a late period of warm inflation in the strong dissipation regime—can reduce the QCD axion number density sufficiently that an axion decay constant f_a ∼ $10^{15}$–$10^{16}$ GeV and an initial misalignment angle θ_i ∼ O(1) become consistent with the observed cold dark matter abundance. The axion begins oscillating during lukewarm inflation, and the nearly constant entropy density during this period, combined with the critically damped evolution of the axion field and later entropy from right-handed neutrino decays, dilutes Ω_a $h^{2}$ from the overproduction regime down to ∼0.12. The same dilution simultaneously brings an initially large baryon asymmetry (η_s ∼ 1) down to the observed value ~8.7×$10^{{-11}}$. The viability requires right-handed neutrino masses around a few hundred MeV and a dissipation coefficient C_T ∼ $10^{{-3}}$ to $10^{{-5}}$, with the overall lukewarm inflation lasting roughly 4–8 e-folds.
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The central discovery is that the baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be generated through leptogenesis in models where the neutrino Dirac mass matrix is set equal to the charged fermion mass matrix of down-type quarks (Model B) or charged leptons (Model C), with the heavy right-handed neutrino mass matrix reconstructed from low-energy neutrino oscillation data via the seesaw relation. Successful leptogenesis occurs only for normal neutrino mass ordering and requires two heavy neutrinos with mass differences below 0.1% but still outside the conventional resonant regime. The Dirac CP phase alone is insufficient; nonzero Majorana phases are essential. The predicted effective Majorana mass for neutrinoless double beta decay in some cases falls below 10 meV, accessible to experiments like LEGEND-1000 and nEXO.
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The central claim is that the bubble wall velocity in the CxSM with a two-field phase transition can be precisely determined from two steady-state force balance conditions $M_1=0$ and $M_2=0$, which simultaneously fix the wall velocity $v_w$ and the wall thickness $L_w$. The calculation reveals that $v_w$ is not a free parameter but emerges from the competition between the driving pressure (the free-energy difference between phases) and the microscopic friction from out-of-equilibrium particle perturbations. For the benchmark parameter set the result is $v_w=0.373,\,L_w=0.112\,\text{GeV}^{-1}$; over the scanned mix angle range $v_w$ increases with the transition strength $\alpha_n$. The paper further demonstrates that using the self-consistent $v_w$ rather than an independently chosen value changes the estimated baryon asymmetry by a factor of order unity.
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In Starobinsky inflation within a modified mass-to-horizon cosmology, the scalar power spectrum amplitude As, evaluated under a fixed-Starobinsky-normalization prescription, yields the constraint 0.960 ≲ n ≲ 1.040 for N = 60 e-folds when matched to the Planck 2018 central value. This is an order of magnitude tighter than the bounds derived from the spectral index ns or the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, and is competitive with constraints from baryogenesis and large-scale structure. The result establishes that the amplitude of primordial perturbations is a particularly sensitive discriminator of departures from the standard n = 1 MHR scaling.
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A multi-block physics-informed neural network (PINN) trained on the Wetterich flow equation can yield a nonperturbative effective potential for the Z2-symmetric real singlet extension of the Standard Model at finite temperature. The potential is represented continuously in scale and field space, avoiding the need for polynomial truncations. When the soft perturbative-consistency penalty is included, the network reproduces the resummed one-loop finite-temperature reference potential to within a few percent along the Higgs and singlet axes at the infrared end of the flow. The success is qualified: the penalty, with hand-tuned weights and an analytic thermal target, is necessary for selecting a physically sensible solution, and the converged infrared potential retains a residual dependence on that guidance.
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The central discovery is that for PBH masses in the range $10^{11}$–$10^{13}$ g, the ratio B(R_h,T)/B(0,T) of the vacuum decay exponent in the PBH background to that in flat spacetime is less than unity, demonstrating that PBHs weaken the exponential suppression of false-vacuum decay. This is shown by solving the scalar field equation in a Schwarzschild background (with backreaction neglected) and computing the mass correction δM_tot, which gives the exponent B = δM_tot/T. The same PBH masses also reduce the sphaleron energy, but the PBH-to-baryon number ratio is so small (~$10^{{-37}}$) that the resulting washout is negligible. The baryon asymmetry from Hawking evaporation of beyond-Standard-Model particles is estimated to be Y_B / $Y_B^{{obs}}$ ≲ $10^{{-8}}$, consistent with BBN and CMB constraints.
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The authors establish that the baryon number after sphaleron freeze-out, nB, is a linear combination of the total B-L charge and the flavor-diagonal lepton asymmetries: nB = Csph nB-L + Fsph Σ heα² nΔα. The coefficients Csph and Fsph are not equilibrium values evaluated at either symmetric or broken phase; they are the solutions of the full transport equation across the electroweak crossover, including N2LO corrections to the equilibrium properties (hard and soft contributions in the 3d effective theory) and the lattice sphaleron rate. The numerical values are Csph = 0.3328 ± 0.0005 and Fsph = 0.0279 ± 0.0019, with uncertainties dominated by the renormalization-scale dependence of the Higgs expectation value. The freeze-out temperature at which the equilibrium values equal the evolved ones is TB ≈ 138.2 GeV.
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The paper's central discovery is that, in the type-II seesaw, the majoron's rolling produces a $B-L$ asymmetry by displacing thermal equilibrium rather than by making antiparticle decays different from particle decays. After the majoron phase is removed from the interactions by a field redefinition, the rolling background shifts the dispersion relations, $E_\pm=\sqrt{|\vec p|^2+m^2}\mp\dot\theta$ for the triplet and $\mp \dot\theta/2$ for leptons, and this endows the equilibrium distribution functions with chemical potentials proportional to $\dot\theta$, fixed by hypercharge neutrality together with the chemical-equilibrium conditions $\mu_\Delta=2\mu_\ell=2\mu_H$ of the two decay channels $\Delta\to\ell\ell$ and $\Delta\to HH$. The paper shows that in the massless final-state limit the partial widths of $\Delta$ and $\bar\Delta$ are equal, so the asymmetry is sourced entirely by the approach to the shifted equilibrium, and it derives the complete set of Boltzmann equations for the asymmetric yields $Y_{\Delta-}$, $Y_{\ell-}$ and $Y_{H-}$. The main quantitative result is $Y_B=\frac{28}{79}c_{B-L}\epsilon_1\tilde Y^\infty_{\ell-}$, where $\tilde Y^\infty_{\ell-}\simeq 2\times10^{-5}$ when the two branching ratios are comparable and scales as $\sqrt{\mathrm{Br}_\ell\mathrm{Br}_H}$ when either is small; the yield is essentially independent of the triplet mass, and lepton number is exactly conserved if either the Yukawa coupling or the Higgs trilinear coupling is turned off. Reproducing the observed baryon asymmetry requires a majoron kick of $|\epsilon_1|\gtrsim 9\times10^{-8}$, which is compatible with the model leaving room for the triplet mass down to the region probed by current collider searches.
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The central claim, stated on the paper's own terms, is that the minimal global-$U(1)_H$ Froggatt-Nielsen model is sufficient for spontaneous baryogenesis once the Weinberg operator is present: no dynamical right-handed neutrinos, no new CP-violating decays, and no departure from thermal equilibrium are required. After a flavor-dependent chiral rotation removes the axion phase from the effective Yukawa operators, the Lagrangian acquires a derivative coupling $-\partial_\mu a\,j^\mu_{\rm FN}/v_\phi$ plus anomalous axion couplings to $W$ and gluon fields; for a time-dependent background, the term $\dot a/v_\phi$ acts as a chemical potential for the fields carrying $U(1)_H$ charge. The paper solves the resulting Boltzmann network for two benchmark charge assignments and shows that the final $B-L$ asymmetry can match the observed baryon abundance, exceed it by orders of magnitude, or change sign depending on the lightest neutrino mass and the charge pattern. The surviving parameter window, constrained by entropy dilution from axion decays and by baryonic isocurvature from inflationary axion fluctuations, is $T_{\rm osc}\gtrsim 4\times 10^{11}$ GeV and $v_\phi\in[7\times 10^{13},2\times 10^{17}]$ GeV, with the axion decaying well before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
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The central claim is that for non-Hermitian interaction Lagrangians of the form L_int = λ/4! $φ^{4}$(x) (and its fermion analogs), the propagators <0|T(φ(x)φ(y))|0> and <0|T(φ*(x)φ*(y))|0> are identically zero, so all Feynman diagrams with internal lines for these fields vanish. Hence the effective action is the free action plus the interaction term, and the S-matrix is exactly given by exp(i∫ L_int $d^{4}$x). The only nonzero reaction is φφ → φ*φ*. Applying the same idea to a four-quark interaction (21) that couples ̄u, ̄d, s̄ to ψ, the model predicts that only antiquark pairs annihilate into ̄ψ (dark matter), while quark pairs do not produce ψ. This mechanism simultaneously generates the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and yields stable dark matter with mass determined by ρ_DM/ρ_B ≈ 6 as m_ψ ≈ 6 GeV.
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The paper's claim, stated on its own terms, is that a population of evaporating primordial black holes opens a viable path for the minimal charged-scalar realization of Dirac leptogenesis precisely where the thermal mechanism fails. Because the Hawking temperature scales inversely with black hole mass, $T_{\rm BH}\propto M^{-1}$, a sufficiently light black hole reaches $T_{\rm BH}\sim M_X$ and emits the charged scalar $X$ even when the plasma is far too cold for thermal production; the subsequent CP-violating decays of this nonthermal population add the source term $\epsilon\,\Gamma^{\rm BH}_X \Sigma^{\rm BH}_X$ to the right-handed neutrino asymmetry. Solving the coupled Boltzmann system that includes thermal production, Hawking emission of $X$ and of right-handed neutrinos, the modified expansion rate, and entropy injection, the authors find that for representative benchmarks the successful region extends from mediator masses near $10^9$ GeV down to about $10^6$ GeV, and that smaller effective CP asymmetries can be compensated. The effect is not a universal enhancement: where the thermal asymmetry is already efficient, black holes can instead reduce or reshape the final result, with narrow sign-changing structures in the parameter plane. The same evaporation deposits energy in the right-handed neutrino sector, so part of the $\eta_B$-sufficient region predicts $0.06<\Delta N_{\rm eff}<0.284$, a correlated target for future CMB measurements.
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The central claim is that the baryon–dark matter coincidence follows directly from two ingredients: (i) a relativistically decoupled thermal relic with number density $n_X \sim T^3$ and (ii) a frozen baryon asymmetry parametrized by $|n_B| \sim |\mu_B| T_{\rm sph}^2$. When the dark-matter mass equals the magnitude of the baryon-number chemical potential, $|\mu_B| \sim m_X$, the present-day energy-density ratio becomes independent of $m_X$ and of microscopic couplings, yielding $\Omega_X/\Omega_b \simeq 5.4 \, (11 g_{\chi2}/n)\, (g_{*s}(T_{\rm sph})/g_{*s}(T_p))\, (T_{\rm sph}/131.7~{\rm GeV})\, (0.94~{\rm GeV}/m_N)$. The paper demonstrates this relation explicitly for an Affleck–Dine field $P$ whose rotating phase $\dot\theta \simeq m_R$ sources the chemical-potential bias $\mu_{\rm bias} \simeq c m_R$, while the excitations of $P$ (radial and phase modes) are produced at thermal abundance via Bose-enhanced stimulated emission and constitute the dark matter. A neutrino-portal model with a pseudo-Dirac sterile pair realizes the required coupling without excessive thermal corrections to the $P$ potential.
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The paper's load-bearing assertion, stated in the abstract and implemented in Section III: 'in association with a proper scalar and the other TeV new physics, the baryon-lepton conversion can still keep efficient after the electroweak sphalerons are no longer active.' Concretely, from the dimension-7 operator O4 (Eq. 8), the 2 to 3 scatterings of Eq. (13) have rate Gamma = (9/32 pi^5) T^7 / Lambda^6 (Eq. 18), so with Lambda = 1.35 TeV they stay in equilibrium for T above about 6 GeV (Eq. 19), and chi-number non-conservation stays in equilibrium far below that, down to T_E of order 10^13 GeV for a unit quartic coupling (Eq. 22). If correct, B plus L is continuously reprocessed between the electroweak scale and a few GeV while B minus L is conserved, changing which baryogenesis mechanisms can survive.
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On the authors' own terms, the central discovery is that strong first-order transitions with LISA-observable gravitational-wave signals in the type-I 2HDM are confined to two narrow, well-separated 'custodial' regions: the standard-custodial cloud with $m_A\simeq m_{H^\pm}$ and the twisted-custodial cloud with $m_H\simeq m_{H^\pm}$. Only the standard-custodial cloud reliably crosses the LISA detection threshold, with maximal reproducible SNRs around 141 and 56 in the two independent pipelines, and 94.8% to 95.9% of those points (or 88.7% to 84.8% without high-temperature electroweak symmetry restoration, depending on the pipeline) lie above the projected HL-LHC sensitivity in $gg\to H\to ZZ$. The twisted-custodial cloud stays essentially below the LISA threshold but is almost fully HL-LHC-testable. The paper therefore concludes that if the HL-LHC excludes $H\to ZZ$ in the $m_H\simeq180\text{--}250\,\mathrm{GeV}$ window, the likelihood of a LISA-observable 2HDM phase-transition background drops substantially, whereas an HL-LHC discovery would still leave the order and strength of the transition for LISA to determine.
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The central claim is that a self-conjugate dark matter fermion can inherit its relic abundance from a primordial baryon asymmetry even though it carries no conserved asymmetry, provided a heavier colored scalar acts as a temporary asymmetric reservoir. In the simplified model $\mathcal{L}_{\rm portal} = -\lambda \, \tilde q \, \bar q \tfrac{1-\gamma^5}{2}\,\chi + \text{h.c.}$, the symmetric $\tilde q \bar{\tilde q}$ component is efficiently depleted by QCD annihilations, while the net asymmetry $Y_\Delta = Y_{\tilde q} - Y_{\tilde q^*}$ survives. Because the portal coupling is small, $\tilde q$ and $\chi$ are not in chemical equilibrium during most of the evolution; late-time decay and scattering then transfer the surviving asymmetry to $\chi$ after its ordinary thermal freeze-out. The final abundance is controlled by the amount of asymmetry surviving, the timing of transfer (set by $\lambda$), and the residual $\langle\sigma v\rangle_{\chi\chi}$ annihilation. The paper demonstrates numerically that for $m_{\tilde q}=2$ TeV and $m_\chi=500$ GeV, $\lambda \simeq 2.5\times10^{-9}$ gives $\Omega_{\rm DM} h^2 \simeq 0.12$, with the same qualitative mechanism holding for hierarchical spectra, p-wave annihilation, and a larger lepton asymmetry.
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The paper claims that in a top-philic Type-III 2HDM the same parameter region motivated by the LHC $t\bar{t}$ threshold excess, with $m_A\simeq345$ GeV and an explicit complex phase in the extra top Yukawa coupling $\rho_{tt}$, can provide the CP-violating source for electroweak baryogenesis. Solving the three-field bounce, transport equations, and baryon-number evolution with the Parwani-prescribed one-loop effective potential gives $Y_B\simeq8.7\times10^{-11}$ together with a strong first-order transition ($v_n/T_n\gtrsim1$, $S_3/T_n\simeq140$). The successful points require a relatively large quartic coupling, $\lambda_3\simeq4$, a nearly degenerate nonstandard scalar spectrum, $|\lambda_7|\lesssim0.8$, $|\lambda_4|,|\lambda_5|\lesssim0.2$, and $|\rho_{tt}|\lesssim0.4$. The same calculation under the Arnold-Espinosa prescription gives $T_c\simeq158$ GeV and no point satisfying both nucleation and strong-transition conditions, so the positive result is traced to the resummation scheme. For the transitional-CPV scenario, no parameter point in the explored regions develops the required CP-odd negative mode while maintaining a viable first-order transition, so the paper concludes that realizing electroweak baryogenesis in this model appears to require an explicit source of CP violation.
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The paper argues that in the minimal Higgs parity model, with gauge group $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_X$ broken to the Standard Model at scale $v_R$, the baryon asymmetry can be generated by out-of-equilibrium decays of the heavy singlet fermions $S_i$ after $SU(2)_R$ breaking. Each $S_i$ decays through two competing channels, $S_i\to \bar e_a W_R^{(\ast)}$ and $S_i\to \ell_b H_L$, and the coexistence of these channels violates $B-L$ while one-loop interference between them produces a CP asymmetry $\epsilon_{ia}$ that can be parametrically large despite small neutrino masses, because the masses are generated only at five-loop order. The asymmetry exists only because the right-handed charged leptons are non-trivial mixtures of $SU(2)_R$ doublet partners and a heavier vector-like state; if the heavy state were kinematically open, unitarity would cancel the inclusive asymmetry, so the model requires $M_H\gtrsim M_{S_i}$. Feeding $\epsilon_{ia}$ into a Boltzmann treatment with the $28/79$ sphaleron conversion factor, thermal production gives an upper bound on the baryon yield that demands $v_R\gtrsim 6\times 10^{12}$ GeV, whereas non-thermal production via inflaton decay, after washout constraints from inverse decays and a dimension-seven scattering operator are imposed, leaves viable $v_R\gtrsim 10^{4}$ GeV — a window that current LHC bounds and future colliders can directly probe.
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On the paper's own terms, the discovery is that a rolling Majoron, through its derivative coupling to the $B-L$ current, induces an effective chemical potential that biases the $B-L$-violating decays and inverse decays of the lightest right-handed neutrino, and the resulting lepton asymmetry is converted by electroweak sphalerons into the observed baryon abundance $Y_B\simeq 8.7\times10^{-11}$. The key formula is $Y_B=(c_B/6)\,Y_\theta\,(M_1/(v_\phi z_{\rm dec}))^2$, where $Y_\theta=v_\phi^2\dot\theta/s$ is the conserved angular yield of the Majoron, $v_\phi$ is the $U(1)_{B-L}$ breaking scale, and $z_{\rm dec}=M_1/T_{\rm dec}$ is the inverse-decay decoupling point; the coefficient $c_B$ is obtained from chemical-equilibrium and spectator relations, including the role of the $\lambda_5$ interaction that couples the inert doublet to the Higgs. Because the asymmetry is sourced by the background motion rather than by CP-violating decay amplitudes, the strong washout that suppresses conventional thermal leptogenesis instead helps the plasma track the equilibrium asymmetry, and the lightest right-handed neutrino can be as light as about 600 GeV while still being hierarchical. The same rolling Majoron can later become dark matter through kinetic misalignment, with a sub-eV Majoron that is long-lived and contributes $\Delta N_{\rm eff}\simeq0.025$ as dark radiation.
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The central claim is that a homogeneous, evolving axion background with Chern-Simons coupling to $U(1)_Y$ modifies the hypercharge gauge field dispersion relation to $\omega_\pm \approx k/a \mp \beta_1\dot{\phi}/(2 f_a)$, and that in thermal equilibrium this splitting imprints an asymmetry in the Bose-Einstein occupation numbers of the two helicity modes. The resulting expectation value $\langle E\cdot B\rangle = -\beta_1 T^3/(12 f_a)\, d(\dot{\phi}/T)/dt$ feeds the Standard Model anomaly equation and gives the baryon number change $a^3(t_f)n_B(t_f)-a^3(t_i)n_B(t_i)=\beta_1 N_f g_Y^2 (aT)^3/(96\pi^2 f_a)(\dot{\phi}_i/T_i-\dot{\phi}_f/T_f)$. In the kinetic misalignment mechanism, where the axion momentum $Y_{PQ}$ is constant, this becomes $n_B/s = \beta_1 N_f g_Y^2 Y_{PQ}/(96\pi^2 f_a^2)(T_i^2-T_f^2)$, and the observed asymmetry is reached for natural parameter choices with $f_a\sim10^9$ GeV, $T_i\sim10^6$ GeV, $\beta_1\sim0.1$, and $Y_{PQ}\sim40$. After electroweak symmetry breaking, the same axion-photon coupling shifts photon dispersion relations and produces a spectral distortion $\delta I_a$ that saturates at $\epsilon^2 I_0$ in the low-frequency limit, unlike $y$ and $\mu$ distortions that vanish there.
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On the paper's own terms, the discovery is that a modified pre-BBN expansion history with stiff equation-of-state epochs makes vanilla (unflavored) leptogenesis viable in a mass range where standard radiation-dominated leptogenesis fails, and simultaneously makes the primordial gravitational-wave spectrum carry a direct record of that history. Concretely, replacing $H_{\rm RD}$ with $H_{\rm NS}=H_{\rm RD}[1+(T/T_R)^{3w-1}]^{1/2}$ in the Boltzmann equations inserts a factor $J_1$ that lowers the effective washout from $\Gamma_1/H_1\simeq600$ to $\Gamma_1/(H_1J_1)$; for $w=0.6$ this yields the correct $Y_B$ for $M_1=10^9$--$10^{11}$ GeV with $T_R/M_1$ between $2.4\times10^{-9}$ and $1.8\times10^{-6}$. The gravitational-wave spectral energy density becomes $\Omega_{\rm GW}(k)=\Omega_{\rm flat}(k/k_R)^{2(3w-1)/(1+3w)}$ between the kination-to-radiation transition scale $k_R$ and the end-of-inflation scale $k_e$, so a stiff epoch is a blue tilt whose slope is set by $w$. Combining both, the paper identifies benchmark points for $w=0.6$ that are simultaneously safe under the $N_{\rm eff}$ bound and above the SNR=10 threshold for DECIGO, and a two-epoch case ($w_2=1$, $w_1=2/3$) in which only a small triangular region near $M_1\simeq10^{10}$ GeV survives both cuts. The claimed novelty is indirect: observing the shape of the primordial gravitational-wave spectrum could probe the same high-scale leptogenesis that cannot be tested in the laboratory.
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The central claim is that a Kähler-driven tribrid inflation mechanism, previously studied with the superpotential cutoff fixed to $m_P$, remains viable and becomes far more flexible when the cutoff $M_s$ is treated as an independent scale, and that flipped $SU(5)$ supplies the particle content that makes it work. A vector-like pair $10_V + \overline{10}_V$ provides a $D$-flat inflaton direction along $N^c_1$ and $\overline{N}^c_V$, a $Z_2$ removes the renormalizable mass and hybrid coupling, and supergravity corrections produce the single-field potential $V(\phi) = \mu_s^4(1 + \kappa_\phi \phi^2/m_P^2 + \delta_\phi \phi^4/m_P^4)$. With $\kappa_\phi>0$, $\delta_\phi<0$, this potential gives sub-Planckian red-tilted inflation; fixing $n_s$ to the ACT DR6/Planck value and imposing the running bound, the scan yields symmetry-breaking scales $M \gtrsim 10^{16}$ GeV, approaching $M_{\rm GUT}$, and tensor-to-scalar ratios from $3\times10^{-10}$ to $0.02$, with a substantial portion above $10^{-3}$. After the waterfall, the inflaton is the lightest right-handed sneutrino; its decay reheats the universe to $10^6$ GeV and generates the observed baryon asymmetry via non-thermal leptogenesis.
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Within the generic left-right symmetric model, promoting flavor symmetry to the $A_4$ modular group and choosing modular weights 4, 8 and 10 for the three left-handed lepton doublets and right-handed singlets yields a light neutrino mass matrix $M_\nu = M_\nu^{\mathrm{I}} + M_\nu^{\mathrm{II}}$ that takes exactly the seven experimentally allowed two-zero textures. The zeros are not imposed by hand: a superpotential term is present only if the $A_4$ representations combine to a singlet and the modular weights of the fields sum to zero, so the allowed entries of $M_D$, $M_R$ and $M_L$ are fixed by the symmetry. By permuting the $A_4$ charges and modular weights of the lepton fields, the paper obtains classes B2 and B1 from weight 4, classes B4, B3, A2 and A1 from weight 8, and class C from weight 10. With these mass matrices, resonant leptogenesis gives a baryon asymmetry consistent with observation for B1, B2 and C, and the computed total effective Majorana mass for neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay remains below the current experimental limit for all seven classes.
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The central claim is that the predictive textural logic of Sequential Dominance survives the degeneration of the two lightest right-handed Majorana masses (M1≈M2≪M3), provided the light neutrino mass ordering is generated instead through a hierarchy of the Dirac Yukawa couplings. Within this Resonant Sequential Dominance framework, the TBC3 ansatz—setting the solar and atmospheric deviations from tribimaximal mixing equal to one another and the reactor deviation to a simple Cabibbo multiple—reproduces the current neutrino oscillation data to 1σ, and the 'Simple (√2,1; 1,2) Alignment' found through the Master Formula matches all five low-energy observables. The explicit A4×(Z3)^4×(Z2)^2 invariant Lagrangian realizes this alignment while keeping the heavy Majorana mass matrix diagonal up to dimension five, and a numerical solution of the coupled resonant-leptogenesis Boltzmann equations yields the observed baryon asymmetry for a small range of the heavy-mass splitting. The paper therefore claims to have constructed a complete, testable seesaw model that simultaneously fits oscillation data and accounts for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
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Within the SMEFT, the paper identifies seven CP-violating dimension-8 operators built from the Higgs doublet and SU(2)_L gauge fields and computes their effect on the standard non-contractible-loop sphaleron ansatz. Substituting the ansatz into the action and reducing to motion along the loop gives a one-dimensional action whose CP violation appears through a cubic term, $G(\mu,T)\,(\mathrm{d}\mu/\mathrm{d}\eta)^3$. The paper finds that $G_i(\pi/2,T)$ is nonzero for $O_1$, $O_2$, $O_3$, $O_4$, and $O_5$, while $O_6$ and $O_7$ give $G=0$; explicit radial integrals for the five nonzero contributions are given in Eq. (3.12). Using a Boltzmann equation whose washout and source terms integrate over sphaleron-like configurations decoupling during the smooth electroweak crossover, the paper obtains the observed baryon-to-entropy ratio for each of the five operators in the effective-scale window of Eq. (4.5). It also notes that positivity bounds from causality and unitarity restrict $O_4$ and $O_5$ to the combination $O_4-O_5$ with $c_4=-c_5$, and that this combination still yields a nonvanishing source. Finally, comparing operator cutoffs from UV matching, the paper shows that one-loop-generated dimension-8 operators can contribute comparably to the two-loop-induced dimension-6 Weinberg operator.
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The paper's central claim is that the minimal framework — a misalignment-driven axion plus the Weinberg operator — makes a sharp, basis-dependent prediction for the baryon asymmetry, and that this prediction closes the vanilla Majoron window. In the $(1,2,3)$ neutrino-mass basis, the flavor-resolved Weinberg rates depend only on the neutrino masses, making the final asymmetry independent of all PMNS mixing angles and CP phases; the asymmetry then scales linearly with the initial misalignment angle $\theta_i$ and with the anomaly coefficients. Adding cosmology, the small Majoron decay rate forces an early matter-dominated era whose entropy release dilutes the generated asymmetry below the observed value for any parameters satisfying $f_a \gg T_{\text{osc}}$. Axions with strong- or weak-sphaleron couplings decay faster, and the paper finds successful baryogenesis for $f_a$ in the $10^{15}$--$10^{17}$ GeV range, $T_{\text{osc}} \gtrsim$ a few $\times 10^{11}$ GeV, and $\theta_i \gtrsim 10^{-2}$, under high-scale inflation and efficient reheating.
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The central claim is that a scalar leptoquark S charged as (3,1)_{1/3} under the SM gauge group and as a 3_bar_d under the flavor group, with couplings built only from the SM Yukawa spurions (A_ija = $\alpha$ epsilon_ABC (Y_d)_Ai (Y_d)_Bj (Y_u)_Ca, B_i_a = $\beta$ epsilon_ABC epsilon_abc (Y_d^dag)_iA (Y_u^dag)_bB (Y_u^dag)_cC with real $\alpha$ and $\beta$), produces a baryon asymmetry per decay epsilon_i whose CP-violating part is proportional to the Jarlskog invariant J. The one-loop propagator diagrams interfere with the tree diagrams, and the key identity is Im(C^i_{T,ud} $C^{{ik*}}$_{P,ud}) = -8 |$\alpha$|^2 |$\beta$|^2 $y_d^{2}$ $y_s^{2}$ $y_b^{2}$ $y_c^{2}$ $y_t^{4}$ J, up to Levi-Civita factors. Near resonance the kinematic function f_P^ik = $m_i^{2}$ ($m_k^{2}$ - $m_i^{2}$) / (($m_k^{2}$ - $m_i^{2}$)^2 + $m_k^{2}$ $Gamma_k^{2}$) can be of order 8 pi / D_k, giving epsilon_1^max ~ 0.15. The decays preserve B - L, so two cosmological scenarios are needed: either reheating below 130 GeV so sphalerons have decoupled, or adding right-handed neutrinos whose $\Delta$ L = 2 washout converts a B+L asymmetry into a B-L asymmetry before sphalerons turn on.
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On the paper's own terms, the central claim is that the BNT model's vector-like fermion triplets can serve as the source of the baryon asymmetry through thermal leptogenesis, in either of two lepton-number assignments for the scalar quadruplet. In the hierarchical regime the CP asymmetry avoids the Davidson-Ibarra-style bound because the Yukawa couplings are not tied to the small neutrino masses—the suppression comes from the tiny induced vacuum expectation value and loop factors—so the lightest triplet mass needs only be ≳3.5×10^7 GeV (for a mass ratio r=2). In the quasi-degenerate regime, the self-energy CP asymmetry is resonantly enhanced and the requirement becomes M_Σ1 ≥ 1.7 TeV, essent
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The paper's central claim is that retaining self-energy corrections changes the quasiparticle on-shell condition in a way that matters for CP-violating transport. Solving the Kadanoff–Baym equations to first order in the derivative expansion gives a fermionic spectral function whose first-order piece is proportional to $\delta'(\Omega_{s,i}^2)$, i.e., a shift of the quasiparticle shell. In the wall frame the effective shell is $\Omega_{s,i,\mathrm{eff}}^2 = \Omega_{s,i}^2 + \delta\Omega_{s,i}^2$ with $\delta\Omega_{s,i}^2 = -\frac{1}{\tilde K^0}\bigl[m'_{Ii}(K_z\partial_{k_z}M_{Ri}-M_{Ri}\partial_{k_z}K_z)-m'_{Ri}(K_z\partial_{k_z}M_{Ii}-M_{Ii}\partial_{k_z}K_z)\bigr]$, where $M_{Ri}=m_{Ri}+a_{1s,H}$ and $M_{Ii}=m_{Ii}+a_{2s,H}$. Because the phase of the spacetime-dependent complex mass is CP odd, this shift changes sign for antiparticles and produces particle--antiparticle differences in group velocity and semiclassical force. For bosons the first-order flavor-diagonal shell correction vanishes identically, so no such CP-odd force appears at this order. In the limit of vanishing self-energy, the equations reduce to the known semiclassical Boltzmann equations.
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The central discovery is an exact dimensional reduction: for a Hermitian mass-squared matrix M^2 = M_R^2 + i M_I^2, the requirement [M_R^2, M_I^2]=0 (Eq. 8) is algebraically equivalent to four constraints that collapse the 9 real parameters to 5 (A,B,C,x,y) and make the diagonalizing unitary U depend only on the two ratios x and y (Eq. 16). The physical CKM matrix is then U_u(x,y)^\dagger U_d(x',y'), and its Jarlskog invariant takes the closed form J(x,y,x',y') in Eq. (23); evaluated on the fitted ratios it converges to |J0| ≈ 3.08e-5, in agreement with the measured world average. The same algebra enforces |p|=|p'|=|p*|=|p'*|, meaning four CKM elements share one magnitude — e.g., |V_ub|=|V_c
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In the regularized four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet action with a rainbow metric, the modified Friedmann equation becomes alpha H^4 + H^2 = rho/(3 M_P^2). Because the Ricci scalar is R = 6 H' + 12 H^2, the alpha H^4 term prevents R from being constant during radiation domination. Using the standard gravitational-baryogenesis interaction S_int = (1/M_*^2) ∫ d^4x sqrt(-g) (∂_mu R) J^mu, the paper computes the induced chemical potential mu_B = R-dot/M_*^2 and hence the baryon-to-entropy ratio at the decoupling temperature. It finds a nonzero asymmetry at w = 1/3 in the high-curvature regime, and in the perturbative regime the leading term vanishes at w = 1/3 while the order-alpha Gauss-Bo
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A novel three-loop scotogenic topology dynamically generates the inverse-seesaw lepton-number-violating mass matrix µ, while the same residual Z2⊗Z3 symmetry that enforces the radiative origin stabilizes the lightest particles of up to three independent dark sectors, allowing single-, two-, and three-component dark-matter scenarios that can reproduce Ωh²≃0.12 under existing experimental constraints and admit points consistent with the observed baryon asymmetry in simplified leptogenesis estimates.
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The central claim is that the sphaleron rate during a first-order electroweak phase transition can be computed gauge-invariantly to O(g⁴) in the 3D EFT of SU(2)+Higgs theory, even though the barrier that sustains the transition comes from integrating out the spatial gauge fields. After rescaling by the gauge-invariant scalar minimum v₃(x,y), the sphaleron action is kinetic-dominated and well approximated by S₃D ≈ 29·v₃(x,y), with x = λ₃/g₃² and y = μ₃²/g₃⁴; the washout exponent is then integrated accurately, replacing vc/Tc ≳ 1 with a gauge-invariant condition on x. In the real-triplet extension, the resulting washout is large across most of the parameter space, strongly constraining such mo
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Rainbow cosmology with f=1+E/2E_P, g=1 modifies the Friedmann and scalar-field equations so that the scale factor grows as t early and t^{1/2} late, and the solutions pass from damped oscillations to Bessel functions of order 1/4. Matching at t_c=1/M fixes constants; time-averaging the U(1) Noether charge gives ⟨ρ⟩=(3/4)λ A² M^{3/2} sin²(1/√3) t^{-3/2}. Photon density also decays as t^{-3/2}, so η→29.29 λ(E_GUT/M)^4(M/M_P)^(3/2). Setting η=6.1×10⁻¹⁰ constrains λ∈10⁻¹⁸–10⁻⁷ and M∈10⁻⁴E_GUT–E_GUT, a viable non-SUSY mechanism if the scalar's U(1) charge represents baryon number.
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Starting from the supersymmetric Affleck–Dine potential, the curvature perturbation from Q-ball decay is ζ = (2/3 − α/6) f_dec δφ/φ, with α = −2 for gravity-mediated-type Q-balls and α ≈ 0 for delayed-type Q-balls. The correlated baryon isocurvature perturbation is proportional to ζ, hence too large. The paper's key step is to add thermally produced gravitino dark matter that decouples before Q-ball decay, giving S_dm,corr = −3ζ, and to demand that the weighted sum of baryon and dark-matter isocurvature vanish. That requirement yields f_dec ≈ 2nΩ_B/[(4−α)Ω_m], about 0.314 for n=6, α=−2 and 0.471 for n=6, α=0. With the CMB normalization fixing φ_osc in terms of H_I, the authors show that BBN,
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In this model, the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass matrix is built from weight -2 polyharmonic Maaß forms, M_R = M_0[(β_R/3)Y_3^{(-2)} + γ_R Y_1^{(-2)}], where Y_3 is an A4 triplet and Y_1 is an A4 singlet. After unitary diagonalisation, the spectrum naturally satisfies M_N1 > M_N2 ≈ M_N3, because the singlet contribution has a two-fold degeneracy and the fitted parameter region keeps β_R far below γ_R. That tiny splitting, ΔM23, is comparable to the heavy-neutrino decay width, resonantly enhancing the self-energy CP asymmetry in the decays of N2 and N3. The paper shows that, in the strong washout regime, this yields the observed baryon asymmetry with M_N3 around 10^6 GeV, far below the
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The central assertion is stated in §5: "the emergence of expansion-induced anisotropy decreases both η and ζ for a baryonless isotropic medium as well as for a baryon asymmetric isotropic medium" while "the baryon asymmetric medium yields larger values of η and ζ as compared to their counterparts in the baryonless medium." If correct, the model predicts that early-time momentum anisotropy and finite baryon asymmetry have opposite, quantitatively significant effects on momentum transport and derived observables (Pr, Re, η/s, ζ/s).
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Eq. (2.37): in the regime χ≡ω²−k²≫M_h², \tilde ϕ(χ) = −2V'(2vφ)χ⁻² + O(χ⁻³), so the spectral density F(χ) ∝ [V'(2vφ)]²χ⁻⁴ for both elastic and inelastic collisions. If true, superheavy-particle production is localized at the collision instant and the leading rate depends on the scalar potential only through V'(2vφ), independent of the rest of the potential.
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The central claim is that a dimension-five derivative interaction between an axion-like inflaton and a Majorana fermion—interpreted as the lightest right-handed neutrino—can, by itself, generate the observed baryon asymmetry through non-thermal leptogenesis. The rolling inflaton acts as a time-dependent axial background that shifts the effective momentum of each helicity mode by a term proportional to the inflaton velocity; this both imprints a helicity asymmetry during inflation and drives repeated non-adiabatic production whenever the shifted momentum crosses zero during preheating. The paper computes the resulting abundance in the two opposite lifetime limits and shows that both can match
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A combined theoretical and experimental analysis of the real-singlet extension of the Standard Model shows that the extra scalar, through its portal coupling and mixing with the Higgs, can lift the currently metastable electroweak vacuum toward absolute stability while remaining compatible with a strong first-order electroweak phase transition.
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Conversion-driven freeze-out simultaneously accounts for the observed dark-matter relic density and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in quark-philic flavored dark-matter models. Viable solutions exist throughout the conversion-driven region for dark-matter masses from a few hundred GeV to about 1.2 TeV and mediator–dark-matter mass splittings up to about 20 GeV, with the required CP asymmetry supplied by resonant thermal corrections when the two dark-matter flavors are nearly degenerate.
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The central discovery is a mechanism for evading the entropy-dilution problem of low-temperature leptogenesis. For n>2, the effective inflaton mass m_ϕ(a) decreases with expansion; once it drops below twice the lightest right-handed neutrino mass at a=a⋆, direct inflaton decay into RHNs ceases. Because a⋆ lies before sphaleron freeze-out, the B−L asymmetry has already been generated and converted while sphalerons are active, and the remaining entropy production merely redshifts the comoving asymmetry without the extra (T_rh/T_fo)^5 dilution that kills the n=2 case. Equation (4.9) gives the resulting final baryon asymmetry: independent of T_rh for n=4 and proportional to T_rh^{-1/3} for n=6.
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The paper's central result is that for inflaton potentials with a quartic minimum (k=4, giving radiation-like reheating with equation of state w=1/3), the inflaton's decreasing effective mass causes the right-handed neutrino production channel (φ→NN) to shut off kinematically at an early, fixed scale factor a* determined only by the inflaton and neutrino masses. This decouples the final baryon asymmetry from the reheating temperature entirely: the dilution factor that normally kills low-reheating leptogenesis cancels because both the baryon density and the entropy density scale with the reheating temperature in compensating ways. The resulting compact formula (Eq. 5.21) shows Y_B depends on
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Particle cosmology did not exist as a recognized subfield of particle physics before roughly 1980; by the mid-1990s it was settled and remaining. The transition is marked by two community gatherings—the 1984 Inner Space/Outer Space conference that first assembled theorists, experimentalists, relativists and astronomers under one roof, and the 1994 Snowmass Summer Study that integrated particle and nuclear astrophysics into long-range planning—with Fermilab and the University of Chicago providing the first dedicated institutional home.
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Co-genesis of the observed baryon asymmetry Y_B ≃ 8.7 × 10^{-11} and the dark-matter density is achieved by the rotation of a spectator axion-like particle whose vacuum manifold flips orientation at the end of inflation because of a periodic non-minimal coupling ξ[1-cos(ϕ/f)]R; success requires ξ ∼ (f/m_P)^{2} to avoid fragmentation of the rotating condensate.
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Particle cosmology is the branch of science that seeks to understand the birth and evolution of the Universe by applying the principles of particle physics, bringing together the physics of the very small with the physics of the very large, where the early Universe serves as a natural laboratory offering unique insights into phenomena that may never be accessible on Earth.
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The authors establish that non-holomorphic S'4 modular symmetry, realized with level 4 polyharmonic Maaß forms of weights between -4 and 6, permits the construction of lepton models that accommodate current neutrino oscillation data with a minimal number of parameters. For normal ordering, 36 such models exist, grouped into three categories of twelve models each, distinguished by the representation assignment of the charged lepton field E^c_1. Representative models from each category produce precise predictions for the neutrino mixing angles and CP phases. Moreover, two of these models achieve successful thermal leptogenesis without flavor effects, matching the observed baryon asymmetry with
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The Yukawa interactions between the SU(2)_L fermion triplets and the complex scalar singlet χ induce radiative corrections that generate a Coleman-Weinberg effective potential. This potential creates a dynamical bias term lifting the degeneracy among the three Z3 vacua, which triggers the annihilation of unstable domain walls. The framework simultaneously explains neutrino masses, produces the observed baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis, and yields a gravitational-wave spectrum within reach of future detectors.
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Within the U(1)_{B-L} framework the vacuum expectation value of the complex scalar φ simultaneously sets the masses of the heavy neutrinos N_{1,2} and the Majorana dark-matter fermion χ through Yukawa couplings; a higher-dimensional operator induces the small lepton-number-violating parameter that generates light active neutrinos together with TeV-scale heavy states and sizable active-sterile mixing, while the same scalar and gauge-mediated channels fix both the observed dark-matter density and the baryon asymmetry.
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The central discovery is a new implementation of baryon asymmetry computation in BSMPT based on the WKB ansatz that generalizes the transport equations to an arbitrary number of moments, with two truncation schemes implemented and the VEV profile derived from the equations of motion. Validation on a simple benchmark confirms the approach, and a detailed analysis in the C2HDM reveals dependencies on the number of moments, truncation scheme, wall velocity, VEV profile, phase transition strength, and CP violation, including an uncertainty analysis and connection to gravitational wave signals at LISA. The implementation applies to any extended Higgs sector with arbitrary VEV directions barring t
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In SMEFT the decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ arises at dimension seven while the (B-L)-conserving decay n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension-ten operators that would be accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating decay modes. An observation of n → Kℓ in the absence of other modes such as p → π⁰ℓ⁺ would therefore strongly suggest that (B-L) is violated.
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A CP-conserving non-real 3x3 orthogonal matrix parametrized by two real angles and one imaginary parameter can be constructed so that the only CP-violating phases in the Yukawa couplings are those of the PMNS matrix; under this hypothesis, Dirac-phase CP violation alone suffices to generate the observed baryon asymmetry through low-scale leptogenesis for quasi-degenerate heavy neutrinos whose mixings are testable at colliders.
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Extending the Standard Model with a complex scalar singlet and right-handed neutrinos charged under a global U(1)B-L symmetry allows the electroweak vacuum to be selected cosmologically as the configuration that maximizes the vacuum energy. The same extension simultaneously accounts for neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism, the matter-antimatter asymmetry via leptogenesis, and a viable dark matter candidate testable in future neutrino experiments.
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We propose a novel mechanism for generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through leptogenesis in a scenario where the right-handed neutrinos are heavier than the maximal temperature of the Universe, and are never produced on-shell neither by thermal nor by non-thermal mechanisms. We introduce a new scalar field, φ, lighter than the right-handed neutrinos, that couples to the latter via a Yukawa coupling, so that it decays into two lepton doublets and two higgs doublets via off-shell right-handed neutrinos. Then, we derive the CP asymmetry arising from the interference between tree-level and loop diagrams in the four-body decay, and we show that the generated baryon asymmetry can repr
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In a benchmark model with a baryon portal and minimal hidden sector, resonant enhancement of CP-violating processes in the hidden sector permits sufficient baryon-number transfer during bottom-quark decays to account for the observed asymmetry in the mesogenesis scenario.
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Spontaneous breaking of a gauged SO(3) flavour symmetry that acts on both visible and dark sectors produces the hierarchical fermion masses of the Standard Model. Decays of right-handed neutrinos generate a primordial lepton asymmetry. Electroweak sphalerons convert part of this asymmetry into a baryon asymmetry while flavour sphalerons redistribute another part into a dark matter asymmetry. Dark matter consists of baryon-like bound states formed by a confining SU(3) gauge force. Anomaly cancellation requires mirror fermions whose seesaw-like mass suppression makes different generations sensitive to different flavour-breaking scales.
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By including neutrino production rates valid in both the relativistic and non-relativistic regimes, the density matrix equations for low-scale leptogenesis with three quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos can now be solved accurately beyond the 100 GeV mass scale and into the resonant regime. In the high-scale vanilla scenario the package supplies Delta L = 1 scattering processes that permit full phase-space evolution of the right-handed neutrino and lepton asymmetry. The new extended interface allows model-specific inputs to be passed without changes to the core infrastructure.
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The non-minimal coupling between gravity and the inflaton increases the effective mass squared of the inflaton, thereby making decays into fermion-antifermion pairs through baryon-number violating processes more likely during reheating. Accordingly, the model yields an overall baryon asymmetry consistent with cosmological observations. When a complex scalar spectator field is added with a biquadratic coupling to the inflaton and its own non-minimal gravitational interaction, the background production is enhanced but the predicted baryon-to-entropy ratio remains smaller than the experimental data.
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We show that several one-zero textures remain compatible with neutrino oscillation data while simultaneously generating sizable CP asymmetries through resonant enhancement. We further investigate the thermal evolution of the generated asymmetry using Boltzmann equations and demonstrate the freeze-out behavior of the baryon asymmetry. Extending the analysis to a flavor-resolved framework, we study the separate evolution of electron, muon, and tau asymmetries and show that flavor-dependent washout effects play a crucial role in determining the final baryon asymmetry. Our analysis establishes a direct connection between neutrino flavor textures, resonant thermal leptogenesis, and flavor-depend
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The paper's central claim is that CP violation—the asymmetry between particles and antiparticles—has a single source: a sign-flipping W_L–W_R mixing angle. With parameters ζ = −0.039 ± 0.014 (mixing angle) and δ = 0.070 ± 0.010 (squared-mass ratio) obtained from neutron lifetime and decay-asymmetry measurements and from 0+→0+ nuclear beta decays, the model reproduces the CP-violating asymmetries measured in K0, D0, B0, and Bs0 oscillations, with a maximal phase ±π/2 and opposite signs for particles and antiparticles. The same parameters imply that neutrons and antineutrons have slightly different lifetimes; that decay-rate imbalance, acting during the non-equilibrium hadronization of quark–g
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In the f(R, G_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu}) gravity formalism the gravitational baryogenesis interaction produces a baryon-to-entropy ratio that aligns with observational constraints from the cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis. The result persists for a generalized version of the interaction. Chi-square minimization against Hubble parameter and distance modulus measurements from cosmic chronometers and Pantheon+SH0ES data yields parameter values that reproduce the observed expansion history at a level comparable to Lambda CDM.
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The model employs Δ(54) flavor symmetry together with a triple inverse seesaw to generate neutrino masses, predicts a nonzero reactor mixing angle and an atmospheric mixing angle in the upper octant together with CP-violating phases consistent with data, satisfies dark matter relic density and active-sterile mixing constraints, and produces the observed baryon asymmetry via resonant leptogenesis at the TeV scale for a right-handed neutrino mass of 10 TeV and appropriate mass splitting.
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In the Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron inflation scenario coupled to a type-I seesaw extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos, nonthermal leptogenesis arises as a necessary and self-consistent process for generating the baryon asymmetry, driven by the universal coupling of the inflaton to the additional fermions. For gamma approximately -1/100 and a lightest Majorana-neutrino mass of order 10^13 GeV, the model gives a scalar spectral index n_s approximately 0.970, tensor-to-scalar ratio r approximately 0.004, and baryon-to-entropy ratio n_B/s approximately 8.7 times 10^-11, all consistent with constraints for N_e less than or equal to 60.
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Inflation models that will be tested by next-generation CMB experiments can produce right-handed neutrinos in sufficient abundance to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe through nonthermal leptogenesis via cosmological gravitational particle production, with the mechanism testable by gravitational wave signatures from cosmic inflation.
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In the Majorana singlet-doublet dark matter scenario the CP-violating out-of-equilibrium decays of the heavier singlets generate the baryon asymmetry even in the sub-TeV regime, while the first-generation singlet-doublet fermions supply the dark matter and the loop particles induce the correct neutrino masses. In the Dirac singlet-doublet scenario the out-of-equilibrium decays of the complex scalars generate the asymmetry via the Dirac leptogenesis route at a few TeV.
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Spontaneous CP violation is realized along flat directions and stabilized through supersymmetry-breaking effects and a non-perturbative dynamics. This addresses the naturalness of the SCPV scale and the presence of problematic higher dimensional operators and radiative corrections spoiling the mechanism. It is explicitly shown that SCPV is realized along flat directions and stabilized through supersymmetry-breaking effects and a non-perturbative dynamics, predicting light SCPV sector particles feebly coupled to the Standard Model particles. Furthermore, the Affleck-Dine mechanism can successfully generate the observed baryon asymmetry with a low reheating temperature compatible with the grav
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Within the Schwinger-Keldysh real-time effective field theory and the Kadanoff-Baym hierarchy, when the relaxation time of CP-violating mediators becomes comparable to the bubble-wall crossing time, transport dynamics acquire temporal nonlocality. This produces memory-kernel corrections to the CP-violating source and diffusion equations beyond the Markovian approximation. The corrections shift the optimal wall velocity to smaller values, narrow the viable parameter space, and induce a characteristic non-monotonic dependence of the baryon asymmetry on the memory timescale for sub-optimal wall velocities that cannot be reproduced by a consistent Markovian reparameterisation.