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Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
Formal claims (Lean)
Stated claims
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Within the generic left-right symmetric model, promoting flavor symmetry to the $A_4$ modular group and choosing modular weights 4, 8 and 10 for the three left-handed lepton doublets and right-handed singlets yields a light neutrino mass matrix $M_\nu = M_\nu^{\mathrm{I}} + M_\nu^{\mathrm{II}}$ that takes exactly the seven experimentally allowed two-zero textures. The zeros are not imposed by hand: a superpotential term is present only if the $A_4$ representations combine to a singlet and the modular weights of the fields sum to zero, so the allowed entries of $M_D$, $M_R$ and $M_L$ are fixed by the symmetry. By permuting the $A_4$ charges and modular weights of the lepton fields, the paper obtains classes B2 and B1 from weight 4, classes B4, B3, A2 and A1 from weight 8, and class C from weight 10. With these mass matrices, resonant leptogenesis gives a baryon asymmetry consistent with observation for B1, B2 and C, and the computed total effective Majorana mass for neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay remains below the current experimental limit for all seven classes.
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Within a Type-I seesaw model, the hierarchy of light neutrino masses need not come from the hierarchy of right-handed neutrino masses. In Resonant Sequential Dominance the two lightest right-handed neutrinos are nearly degenerate, $M_1\approx M_2$, and the sequential dominance of the Dirac columns is enforced purely by Yukawa couplings, $y_{D1}<y_{D2}$, while the third neutrino is ultra-heavy. Using the Master Formula and a $\chi^2$ fit, the paper identifies a Simple ($\sqrt2,1;1,2$) Alignment of the Dirac matrix that places all mixing angles, the Dirac phase, and $m_2/m_3$ inside the $1\sigma$ ranges of current oscillation data. The associated $A_4\times(Z_3)^4\times(Z_2)^2$ Lagrangian keeps the Majorana mass matrix diagonal up to dimension five, and a small off-diagonal splitting $\Delta$ triggers resonant enhancement of CP violation. Numerically solving the coupled Boltzmann equations at the four corners of the allowed $(y_{D1},\Lambda)$ space yields the observed baryon asymmetry for mass splittings $2.45\times10^{-9}\text{ GeV}\le x_{\Delta,\min}\le4.31\times10^{-6}\text{ GeV}$, which corresponds to $0.13\text{ TeV}\le m_{N_1}\le230\text{ TeV}$.
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Within the SMEFT, the paper identifies seven CP-violating dimension-8 operators built from the Higgs doublet and SU(2)_L gauge fields and computes their effect on the standard non-contractible-loop sphaleron ansatz. Substituting the ansatz into the action and reducing to motion along the loop gives a one-dimensional action whose CP violation appears through a cubic term, $G(\mu,T)\,(\mathrm{d}\mu/\mathrm{d}\eta)^3$. The paper finds that $G_i(\pi/2,T)$ is nonzero for $O_1$, $O_2$, $O_3$, $O_4$, and $O_5$, while $O_6$ and $O_7$ give $G=0$; explicit radial integrals for the five nonzero contributions are given in Eq. (3.12). Using a Boltzmann equation whose washout and source terms integrate over sphaleron-like configurations decoupling during the smooth electroweak crossover, the paper obtains the observed baryon-to-entropy ratio for each of the five operators in the effective-scale window of Eq. (4.5). It also notes that positivity bounds from causality and unitarity restrict $O_4$ and $O_5$ to the combination $O_4-O_5$ with $c_4=-c_5$, and that this combination still yields a nonvanishing source. Finally, comparing operator cutoffs from UV matching, the paper shows that one-loop-generated dimension-8 operators can contribute comparably to the two-loop-induced dimension-6 Weinberg operator.
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The paper's central claim is that the minimal framework — a misalignment-driven axion plus the Weinberg operator — makes a sharp, basis-dependent prediction for the baryon asymmetry, and that this prediction closes the vanilla Majoron window. In the $(1,2,3)$ neutrino-mass basis, the flavor-resolved Weinberg rates depend only on the neutrino masses, making the final asymmetry independent of all PMNS mixing angles and CP phases; the asymmetry then scales linearly with the initial misalignment angle $\theta_i$ and with the anomaly coefficients. Adding cosmology, the small Majoron decay rate forces an early matter-dominated era whose entropy release dilutes the generated asymmetry below the observed value for any parameters satisfying $f_a \gg T_{\text{osc}}$. Axions with strong- or weak-sphaleron couplings decay faster, and the paper finds successful baryogenesis for $f_a$ in the $10^{15}$--$10^{17}$ GeV range, $T_{\text{osc}} \gtrsim$ a few $\times 10^{11}$ GeV, and $\theta_i \gtrsim 10^{-2}$, under high-scale inflation and efficient reheating.
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The central claim is that a scalar leptoquark S charged as (3,1)_{1/3} under the SM gauge group and as a 3_bar_d under the flavor group, with couplings built only from the SM Yukawa spurions (A_ija = $\alpha$ epsilon_ABC (Y_d)_Ai (Y_d)_Bj (Y_u)_Ca, B_i_a = $\beta$ epsilon_ABC epsilon_abc (Y_d^dag)_iA (Y_u^dag)_bB (Y_u^dag)_cC with real $\alpha$ and $\beta$), produces a baryon asymmetry per decay epsilon_i whose CP-violating part is proportional to the Jarlskog invariant J. The one-loop propagator diagrams interfere with the tree diagrams, and the key identity is Im(C^i_{T,ud} $C^{{ik*}}$_{P,ud}) = -8 |$\alpha$|^2 |$\beta$|^2 $y_d^{2}$ $y_s^{2}$ $y_b^{2}$ $y_c^{2}$ $y_t^{4}$ J, up to Levi-Civita factors. Near resonance the kinematic function f_P^ik = $m_i^{2}$ ($m_k^{2}$ - $m_i^{2}$) / (($m_k^{2}$ - $m_i^{2}$)^2 + $m_k^{2}$ $Gamma_k^{2}$) can be of order 8 pi / D_k, giving epsilon_1^max ~ 0.15. The decays preserve B - L, so two cosmological scenarios are needed: either reheating below 130 GeV so sphalerons have decoupled, or adding right-handed neutrinos whose $\Delta$ L = 2 washout converts a B+L asymmetry into a B-L asymmetry before sphalerons turn on.
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On the paper's own terms, the central claim is that the BNT model's vector-like fermion triplets can serve as the source of the baryon asymmetry through thermal leptogenesis, in either of two lepton-number assignments for the scalar quadruplet. In the hierarchical regime the CP asymmetry avoids the Davidson-Ibarra-style bound because the Yukawa couplings are not tied to the small neutrino masses—the suppression comes from the tiny induced vacuum expectation value and loop factors—so the lightest triplet mass needs only be ≳3.5×10^7 GeV (for a mass ratio r=2). In the quasi-degenerate regime, the self-energy CP asymmetry is resonantly enhanced and the requirement becomes M_Σ1 ≥ 1.7 TeV, essent
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The central discovery is an exact dimensional reduction: for a Hermitian mass-squared matrix M^2 = M_R^2 + i M_I^2, the requirement [M_R^2, M_I^2]=0 (Eq. 8) is algebraically equivalent to four constraints that collapse the 9 real parameters to 5 (A,B,C,x,y) and make the diagonalizing unitary U depend only on the two ratios x and y (Eq. 16). The physical CKM matrix is then U_u(x,y)^\dagger U_d(x',y'), and its Jarlskog invariant takes the closed form J(x,y,x',y') in Eq. (23); evaluated on the fitted ratios it converges to |J0| ≈ 3.08e-5, in agreement with the measured world average. The same algebra enforces |p|=|p'|=|p*|=|p'*|, meaning four CKM elements share one magnitude — e.g., |V_ub|=|V_c
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In the regularized four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet action with a rainbow metric, the modified Friedmann equation becomes alpha H^4 + H^2 = rho/(3 M_P^2). Because the Ricci scalar is R = 6 H' + 12 H^2, the alpha H^4 term prevents R from being constant during radiation domination. Using the standard gravitational-baryogenesis interaction S_int = (1/M_*^2) ∫ d^4x sqrt(-g) (∂_mu R) J^mu, the paper computes the induced chemical potential mu_B = R-dot/M_*^2 and hence the baryon-to-entropy ratio at the decoupling temperature. It finds a nonzero asymmetry at w = 1/3 in the high-curvature regime, and in the perturbative regime the leading term vanishes at w = 1/3 while the order-alpha Gauss-Bo
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A novel three-loop scotogenic topology dynamically generates the inverse-seesaw lepton-number-violating mass matrix µ, while the same residual Z2⊗Z3 symmetry that enforces the radiative origin stabilizes the lightest particles of up to three independent dark sectors, allowing single-, two-, and three-component dark-matter scenarios that can reproduce Ωh²≃0.12 under existing experimental constraints and admit points consistent with the observed baryon asymmetry in simplified leptogenesis estimates.
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The central claim is that the sphaleron rate during a first-order electroweak phase transition can be computed gauge-invariantly to O(g⁴) in the 3D EFT of SU(2)+Higgs theory, even though the barrier that sustains the transition comes from integrating out the spatial gauge fields. After rescaling by the gauge-invariant scalar minimum v₃(x,y), the sphaleron action is kinetic-dominated and well approximated by S₃D ≈ 29·v₃(x,y), with x = λ₃/g₃² and y = μ₃²/g₃⁴; the washout exponent is then integrated accurately, replacing vc/Tc ≳ 1 with a gauge-invariant condition on x. In the real-triplet extension, the resulting washout is large across most of the parameter space, strongly constraining such mo
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Rainbow cosmology with f=1+E/2E_P, g=1 modifies the Friedmann and scalar-field equations so that the scale factor grows as t early and t^{1/2} late, and the solutions pass from damped oscillations to Bessel functions of order 1/4. Matching at t_c=1/M fixes constants; time-averaging the U(1) Noether charge gives ⟨ρ⟩=(3/4)λ A² M^{3/2} sin²(1/√3) t^{-3/2}. Photon density also decays as t^{-3/2}, so η→29.29 λ(E_GUT/M)^4(M/M_P)^(3/2). Setting η=6.1×10⁻¹⁰ constrains λ∈10⁻¹⁸–10⁻⁷ and M∈10⁻⁴E_GUT–E_GUT, a viable non-SUSY mechanism if the scalar's U(1) charge represents baryon number.
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Starting from the supersymmetric Affleck–Dine potential, the curvature perturbation from Q-ball decay is ζ = (2/3 − α/6) f_dec δφ/φ, with α = −2 for gravity-mediated-type Q-balls and α ≈ 0 for delayed-type Q-balls. The correlated baryon isocurvature perturbation is proportional to ζ, hence too large. The paper's key step is to add thermally produced gravitino dark matter that decouples before Q-ball decay, giving S_dm,corr = −3ζ, and to demand that the weighted sum of baryon and dark-matter isocurvature vanish. That requirement yields f_dec ≈ 2nΩ_B/[(4−α)Ω_m], about 0.314 for n=6, α=−2 and 0.471 for n=6, α=0. With the CMB normalization fixing φ_osc in terms of H_I, the authors show that BBN,
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In this model, the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass matrix is built from weight -2 polyharmonic Maaß forms, M_R = M_0[(β_R/3)Y_3^{(-2)} + γ_R Y_1^{(-2)}], where Y_3 is an A4 triplet and Y_1 is an A4 singlet. After unitary diagonalisation, the spectrum naturally satisfies M_N1 > M_N2 ≈ M_N3, because the singlet contribution has a two-fold degeneracy and the fitted parameter region keeps β_R far below γ_R. That tiny splitting, ΔM23, is comparable to the heavy-neutrino decay width, resonantly enhancing the self-energy CP asymmetry in the decays of N2 and N3. The paper shows that, in the strong washout regime, this yields the observed baryon asymmetry with M_N3 around 10^6 GeV, far below the
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The central assertion is stated in §5: "the emergence of expansion-induced anisotropy decreases both η and ζ for a baryonless isotropic medium as well as for a baryon asymmetric isotropic medium" while "the baryon asymmetric medium yields larger values of η and ζ as compared to their counterparts in the baryonless medium." If correct, the model predicts that early-time momentum anisotropy and finite baryon asymmetry have opposite, quantitatively significant effects on momentum transport and derived observables (Pr, Re, η/s, ζ/s).
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Eq. (2.37): in the regime χ≡ω²−k²≫M_h², \tilde ϕ(χ) = −2V'(2vφ)χ⁻² + O(χ⁻³), so the spectral density F(χ) ∝ [V'(2vφ)]²χ⁻⁴ for both elastic and inelastic collisions. If true, superheavy-particle production is localized at the collision instant and the leading rate depends on the scalar potential only through V'(2vφ), independent of the rest of the potential.
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The central claim is that a dimension-five derivative interaction between an axion-like inflaton and a Majorana fermion—interpreted as the lightest right-handed neutrino—can, by itself, generate the observed baryon asymmetry through non-thermal leptogenesis. The rolling inflaton acts as a time-dependent axial background that shifts the effective momentum of each helicity mode by a term proportional to the inflaton velocity; this both imprints a helicity asymmetry during inflation and drives repeated non-adiabatic production whenever the shifted momentum crosses zero during preheating. The paper computes the resulting abundance in the two opposite lifetime limits and shows that both can match
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A combined theoretical and experimental analysis of the real-singlet extension of the Standard Model shows that the extra scalar, through its portal coupling and mixing with the Higgs, can lift the currently metastable electroweak vacuum toward absolute stability while remaining compatible with a strong first-order electroweak phase transition.
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Conversion-driven freeze-out simultaneously accounts for the observed dark-matter relic density and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in quark-philic flavored dark-matter models. Viable solutions exist throughout the conversion-driven region for dark-matter masses from a few hundred GeV to about 1.2 TeV and mediator–dark-matter mass splittings up to about 20 GeV, with the required CP asymmetry supplied by resonant thermal corrections when the two dark-matter flavors are nearly degenerate.
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The central discovery is a mechanism for evading the entropy-dilution problem of low-temperature leptogenesis. For n>2, the effective inflaton mass m_ϕ(a) decreases with expansion; once it drops below twice the lightest right-handed neutrino mass at a=a⋆, direct inflaton decay into RHNs ceases. Because a⋆ lies before sphaleron freeze-out, the B−L asymmetry has already been generated and converted while sphalerons are active, and the remaining entropy production merely redshifts the comoving asymmetry without the extra (T_rh/T_fo)^5 dilution that kills the n=2 case. Equation (4.9) gives the resulting final baryon asymmetry: independent of T_rh for n=4 and proportional to T_rh^{-1/3} for n=6.
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The paper's central result is that for inflaton potentials with a quartic minimum (k=4, giving radiation-like reheating with equation of state w=1/3), the inflaton's decreasing effective mass causes the right-handed neutrino production channel (φ→NN) to shut off kinematically at an early, fixed scale factor a* determined only by the inflaton and neutrino masses. This decouples the final baryon asymmetry from the reheating temperature entirely: the dilution factor that normally kills low-reheating leptogenesis cancels because both the baryon density and the entropy density scale with the reheating temperature in compensating ways. The resulting compact formula (Eq. 5.21) shows Y_B depends on
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Particle cosmology did not exist as a recognized subfield of particle physics before roughly 1980; by the mid-1990s it was settled and remaining. The transition is marked by two community gatherings—the 1984 Inner Space/Outer Space conference that first assembled theorists, experimentalists, relativists and astronomers under one roof, and the 1994 Snowmass Summer Study that integrated particle and nuclear astrophysics into long-range planning—with Fermilab and the University of Chicago providing the first dedicated institutional home.
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Co-genesis of the observed baryon asymmetry Y_B ≃ 8.7 × 10^{-11} and the dark-matter density is achieved by the rotation of a spectator axion-like particle whose vacuum manifold flips orientation at the end of inflation because of a periodic non-minimal coupling ξ[1-cos(ϕ/f)]R; success requires ξ ∼ (f/m_P)^{2} to avoid fragmentation of the rotating condensate.
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Particle cosmology is the branch of science that seeks to understand the birth and evolution of the Universe by applying the principles of particle physics, bringing together the physics of the very small with the physics of the very large, where the early Universe serves as a natural laboratory offering unique insights into phenomena that may never be accessible on Earth.
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The authors establish that non-holomorphic S'4 modular symmetry, realized with level 4 polyharmonic Maaß forms of weights between -4 and 6, permits the construction of lepton models that accommodate current neutrino oscillation data with a minimal number of parameters. For normal ordering, 36 such models exist, grouped into three categories of twelve models each, distinguished by the representation assignment of the charged lepton field E^c_1. Representative models from each category produce precise predictions for the neutrino mixing angles and CP phases. Moreover, two of these models achieve successful thermal leptogenesis without flavor effects, matching the observed baryon asymmetry with
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The Yukawa interactions between the SU(2)_L fermion triplets and the complex scalar singlet χ induce radiative corrections that generate a Coleman-Weinberg effective potential. This potential creates a dynamical bias term lifting the degeneracy among the three Z3 vacua, which triggers the annihilation of unstable domain walls. The framework simultaneously explains neutrino masses, produces the observed baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis, and yields a gravitational-wave spectrum within reach of future detectors.
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Within the U(1)_{B-L} framework the vacuum expectation value of the complex scalar φ simultaneously sets the masses of the heavy neutrinos N_{1,2} and the Majorana dark-matter fermion χ through Yukawa couplings; a higher-dimensional operator induces the small lepton-number-violating parameter that generates light active neutrinos together with TeV-scale heavy states and sizable active-sterile mixing, while the same scalar and gauge-mediated channels fix both the observed dark-matter density and the baryon asymmetry.
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The central discovery is a new implementation of baryon asymmetry computation in BSMPT based on the WKB ansatz that generalizes the transport equations to an arbitrary number of moments, with two truncation schemes implemented and the VEV profile derived from the equations of motion. Validation on a simple benchmark confirms the approach, and a detailed analysis in the C2HDM reveals dependencies on the number of moments, truncation scheme, wall velocity, VEV profile, phase transition strength, and CP violation, including an uncertainty analysis and connection to gravitational wave signals at LISA. The implementation applies to any extended Higgs sector with arbitrary VEV directions barring t
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In SMEFT the decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ arises at dimension seven while the (B-L)-conserving decay n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension-ten operators that would be accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating decay modes. An observation of n → Kℓ in the absence of other modes such as p → π⁰ℓ⁺ would therefore strongly suggest that (B-L) is violated.
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A CP-conserving non-real 3x3 orthogonal matrix parametrized by two real angles and one imaginary parameter can be constructed so that the only CP-violating phases in the Yukawa couplings are those of the PMNS matrix; under this hypothesis, Dirac-phase CP violation alone suffices to generate the observed baryon asymmetry through low-scale leptogenesis for quasi-degenerate heavy neutrinos whose mixings are testable at colliders.
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Extending the Standard Model with a complex scalar singlet and right-handed neutrinos charged under a global U(1)B-L symmetry allows the electroweak vacuum to be selected cosmologically as the configuration that maximizes the vacuum energy. The same extension simultaneously accounts for neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism, the matter-antimatter asymmetry via leptogenesis, and a viable dark matter candidate testable in future neutrino experiments.
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We propose a novel mechanism for generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through leptogenesis in a scenario where the right-handed neutrinos are heavier than the maximal temperature of the Universe, and are never produced on-shell neither by thermal nor by non-thermal mechanisms. We introduce a new scalar field, φ, lighter than the right-handed neutrinos, that couples to the latter via a Yukawa coupling, so that it decays into two lepton doublets and two higgs doublets via off-shell right-handed neutrinos. Then, we derive the CP asymmetry arising from the interference between tree-level and loop diagrams in the four-body decay, and we show that the generated baryon asymmetry can repr
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In a benchmark model with a baryon portal and minimal hidden sector, resonant enhancement of CP-violating processes in the hidden sector permits sufficient baryon-number transfer during bottom-quark decays to account for the observed asymmetry in the mesogenesis scenario.
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Spontaneous breaking of a gauged SO(3) flavour symmetry that acts on both visible and dark sectors produces the hierarchical fermion masses of the Standard Model. Decays of right-handed neutrinos generate a primordial lepton asymmetry. Electroweak sphalerons convert part of this asymmetry into a baryon asymmetry while flavour sphalerons redistribute another part into a dark matter asymmetry. Dark matter consists of baryon-like bound states formed by a confining SU(3) gauge force. Anomaly cancellation requires mirror fermions whose seesaw-like mass suppression makes different generations sensitive to different flavour-breaking scales.
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By including neutrino production rates valid in both the relativistic and non-relativistic regimes, the density matrix equations for low-scale leptogenesis with three quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos can now be solved accurately beyond the 100 GeV mass scale and into the resonant regime. In the high-scale vanilla scenario the package supplies Delta L = 1 scattering processes that permit full phase-space evolution of the right-handed neutrino and lepton asymmetry. The new extended interface allows model-specific inputs to be passed without changes to the core infrastructure.
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The non-minimal coupling between gravity and the inflaton increases the effective mass squared of the inflaton, thereby making decays into fermion-antifermion pairs through baryon-number violating processes more likely during reheating. Accordingly, the model yields an overall baryon asymmetry consistent with cosmological observations. When a complex scalar spectator field is added with a biquadratic coupling to the inflaton and its own non-minimal gravitational interaction, the background production is enhanced but the predicted baryon-to-entropy ratio remains smaller than the experimental data.
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We show that several one-zero textures remain compatible with neutrino oscillation data while simultaneously generating sizable CP asymmetries through resonant enhancement. We further investigate the thermal evolution of the generated asymmetry using Boltzmann equations and demonstrate the freeze-out behavior of the baryon asymmetry. Extending the analysis to a flavor-resolved framework, we study the separate evolution of electron, muon, and tau asymmetries and show that flavor-dependent washout effects play a crucial role in determining the final baryon asymmetry. Our analysis establishes a direct connection between neutrino flavor textures, resonant thermal leptogenesis, and flavor-depend
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The paper's central claim is that CP violation—the asymmetry between particles and antiparticles—has a single source: a sign-flipping W_L–W_R mixing angle. With parameters ζ = −0.039 ± 0.014 (mixing angle) and δ = 0.070 ± 0.010 (squared-mass ratio) obtained from neutron lifetime and decay-asymmetry measurements and from 0+→0+ nuclear beta decays, the model reproduces the CP-violating asymmetries measured in K0, D0, B0, and Bs0 oscillations, with a maximal phase ±π/2 and opposite signs for particles and antiparticles. The same parameters imply that neutrons and antineutrons have slightly different lifetimes; that decay-rate imbalance, acting during the non-equilibrium hadronization of quark–g
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In the f(R, G_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu}) gravity formalism the gravitational baryogenesis interaction produces a baryon-to-entropy ratio that aligns with observational constraints from the cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis. The result persists for a generalized version of the interaction. Chi-square minimization against Hubble parameter and distance modulus measurements from cosmic chronometers and Pantheon+SH0ES data yields parameter values that reproduce the observed expansion history at a level comparable to Lambda CDM.
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The model employs Δ(54) flavor symmetry together with a triple inverse seesaw to generate neutrino masses, predicts a nonzero reactor mixing angle and an atmospheric mixing angle in the upper octant together with CP-violating phases consistent with data, satisfies dark matter relic density and active-sterile mixing constraints, and produces the observed baryon asymmetry via resonant leptogenesis at the TeV scale for a right-handed neutrino mass of 10 TeV and appropriate mass splitting.
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In the Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron inflation scenario coupled to a type-I seesaw extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos, nonthermal leptogenesis arises as a necessary and self-consistent process for generating the baryon asymmetry, driven by the universal coupling of the inflaton to the additional fermions. For gamma approximately -1/100 and a lightest Majorana-neutrino mass of order 10^13 GeV, the model gives a scalar spectral index n_s approximately 0.970, tensor-to-scalar ratio r approximately 0.004, and baryon-to-entropy ratio n_B/s approximately 8.7 times 10^-11, all consistent with constraints for N_e less than or equal to 60.
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Inflation models that will be tested by next-generation CMB experiments can produce right-handed neutrinos in sufficient abundance to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe through nonthermal leptogenesis via cosmological gravitational particle production, with the mechanism testable by gravitational wave signatures from cosmic inflation.
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In the Majorana singlet-doublet dark matter scenario the CP-violating out-of-equilibrium decays of the heavier singlets generate the baryon asymmetry even in the sub-TeV regime, while the first-generation singlet-doublet fermions supply the dark matter and the loop particles induce the correct neutrino masses. In the Dirac singlet-doublet scenario the out-of-equilibrium decays of the complex scalars generate the asymmetry via the Dirac leptogenesis route at a few TeV.
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Spontaneous CP violation is realized along flat directions and stabilized through supersymmetry-breaking effects and a non-perturbative dynamics. This addresses the naturalness of the SCPV scale and the presence of problematic higher dimensional operators and radiative corrections spoiling the mechanism. It is explicitly shown that SCPV is realized along flat directions and stabilized through supersymmetry-breaking effects and a non-perturbative dynamics, predicting light SCPV sector particles feebly coupled to the Standard Model particles. Furthermore, the Affleck-Dine mechanism can successfully generate the observed baryon asymmetry with a low reheating temperature compatible with the grav
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Within the Schwinger-Keldysh real-time effective field theory and the Kadanoff-Baym hierarchy, when the relaxation time of CP-violating mediators becomes comparable to the bubble-wall crossing time, transport dynamics acquire temporal nonlocality. This produces memory-kernel corrections to the CP-violating source and diffusion equations beyond the Markovian approximation. The corrections shift the optimal wall velocity to smaller values, narrow the viable parameter space, and induce a characteristic non-monotonic dependence of the baryon asymmetry on the memory timescale for sub-optimal wall velocities that cannot be reproduced by a consistent Markovian reparameterisation.
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In the models f(Q, phi) = Q + xi Q phi squared and f(Q, phi) = alpha Q to the n + beta phi Q the baryon-to-entropy ratio is computed explicitly under power-law expansion. The first model yields a monotonically decreasing ratio that equals the observed value for gamma approximately 0.2 to 0.3. The second model achieves the same order of magnitude for alpha between 10 to the minus 3 and 10 to the minus 2 and beta between 10 to the minus 2 and 10 to the minus 1, demonstrating that the nonlinear geometric terms together with the scalar-nonmetricity couplings control the efficiency of gravitational baryogenesis.
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We present a non-supersymmetric mechanism for baryogenesis driven by the nonlinear dynamics of a complex scalar field with generalized self-interaction potentials that explicitly break the global U(1) symmetry. Specifically, three representative forms of the interaction potential are considered, which give rise to intricate nonlinear source terms in the evolution of the field components. In all cases, we show that these nonlinear source terms dynamically generate a nonzero Noether charge density from symmetric initial conditions, providing a purely dynamical origin of charge asymmetry. At late times, the charge density scales as t^{-3/2}, leading to a constant baryon-to-photon ratio through
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In this annihilogenesis scenario two right-handed Majorana neutrinos χ1 and χ2 couple to Standard Model lepton doublets and the Higgs. During a strong first-order phase transition of a singlet scalar they experience a large mass shift. The lighter neutrino χ1 is reflected off expanding bubble walls and trapped in false-vacuum pockets whose volume shrinks, increasing its density. The dominant CP-violating reaction is the 2→4 annihilation χ1χ1 → L1L1Φ*Φ*. Interference between tree-level W/B exchange and one-loop diagrams containing χ2 yields a numerical CP asymmetry |ε| ∼ 10^{-9}–10^{-7} for O(1) Yukawas. Sphalerons then convert the lepton asymmetry into a baryon asymmetry Y_ΔB that reproduces
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The authors show that collapsing electroweak domain walls formed by an axion-like particle, which separate regions of distinct electroweak phases and are biased to collapse by the crossover, generate the baryon asymmetry when their motion acts through the coupling to the topological term as an effective chemical potential for baryons, with the asymmetry arising from electroweak sphalerons either via late-time entropy injection or sphaleron suppression.
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The central claim is that an ultralight scalar interacting with Standard Model muons and a dark-sector fermion induces a temperature-dependent mass shift for the fermion. At high temperatures the thermal muon density lowers the fermion mass below the B meson decay threshold, allowing B to baryon plus dark fermion decays to proceed with the required CP violation. As the Universe expands and muon number density falls, the dark fermion mass rises again and the decay channel closes, rendering the scenario consistent with present-day experimental limits on B meson branching fractions.
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a PT at exactly those scales is predicted by the generation of the baryon asymmetry from a dark asymmetry via resonant neutron-dark matter oscillations, and we prove that this PT can induce an observable GW signal compatibly with all experimental constraints.
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The Rényi entropic correction supplies a viable description of late-time cosmic acceleration, with the parameter λ tightly bounded by DESI DR2 BAO, P-BAO, CC, and GW data to values that also satisfy Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis limits; the resulting expansion history remains stable, obeys energy conditions, and transitions smoothly to the ΛCDM limit without phantom behavior.
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In the neutrino-extended SMEFT with operators up to mass dimension six, the pure Higgs operator supplies the dominant enhancement for a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, one-loop RG corrections together with finite-temperature contributions dynamically generate the tiny mass splittings among quasi-degenerate heavy neutrinos that enable low-scale resonant leptogenesis, and a discrete symmetry stabilizes one neutrino as a fermionic dark matter candidate whose dimension-five and dimension-six interactions produce viable phenomenology consistent with all bounds.
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We present a dynamical solution to the dark matter-baryon coincidence problem based on the neutron portal operator connecting the visible and dark sector asymmetries. This framework is motivated by the possibility that a strongly supercooled dark confinement phase transition accounts for the nano-Hz stochastic gravitational wave signal observed by pulsar timing arrays, while also generating the dark matter and baryon asymmetry in the Universe. We show that the GeV-scale mass of asymmetric dark matter can be naturally correlated with the (multi-)TeV scale cut-off for the neutron portal through its ultraviolet completion. The dark sector is governed by an approximate fixed point and confines,
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A wall-like configuration of a scalar field, such as an axion, coupled to the Higgs and the SU(2) Chern-Simons density induces an electroweak phase boundary. The motion of this boundary generates a local effective chemical potential for B+L, which, with unsuppressed sphalerons in front, biases the plasma to produce a net baryon asymmetry.
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In a flavor-symmetry neutrino mass model that realizes the TM1 mixing pattern, a single flavon field playing the role of the scalar singlet S and coupling to only two right-handed neutrinos allows the observed neutrino masses and mixing angles to be reproduced while the observed baryon asymmetry is generated through leptogenesis at the TeV scale, all within a parameter space compatible with experimental constraints.
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High-scale leptogenesis remains naturally viable in the minimal scotogenic model due to effective decoupling between lepton flavor violation and baryogenesis, while low-scale resonant leptogenesis is strongly constrained by the MEG bound on muon to electron gamma decay yet admits a narrow but nonvanishing window in which successful baryogenesis, controlled washout, and lepton flavor violation safety coexist through quasi-degenerate heavy fermions and Casas-Ibarra phase alignment.
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Under the assumption that the neutrino Dirac mass matrix is not too different from the up-quark mass matrix, SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis necessarily produces the baryon asymmetry through N2 decays, which imposes strong constraints on low-energy neutrino parameters and excludes inverted ordering while permitting strong thermal leptogenesis in a subset of cases.
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In the thick-wall regime the baryon yield from an electroweak-symmetric domain wall is set by the hierarchy among wall width, CP-violating source width and diffusion length; even and odd sources under wall-orientation reversal produce parametrically different asymmetries, and a simplified transport description reproduces the full network well enough to map viable parameter space in a singlet-extended Standard Model.
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Through a novel modular angular analysis of the full angular distributions arising from entangled Lambda-antilambda pairs produced in J/psi decays, the BESIII collaboration has established an upper limit on the Lambda electric dipole moment that improves by three orders of magnitude over all previous measurements, thereby providing a new experimental constraint on CP-violating contributions in the hyperon sector.
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We illustrate, via a simplified model, a scenario in which the baryon-asymmetry and, possibly the dark matter component of the Universe are simultaneously generated by the decay of a WIMP-like mother particle, in turn produced non-thermally during an epoch of Early Matter domination. We first consider the standard evolution of the Universe and introduce TeV-scale BSM particles, finding that this paradigm cannot produce enough baryon asymmetry. This deficiency can be resolved by considering a non-standard scenario, with a matter-dominated phase prior to radiation-domination. Finally, we include a dark matter candidate, which is non-thermally produced during the Early Matter domination.
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Bounds derived from D/H measurements on baryon inhomogeneities do not significantly constrain electroweak baryogenesis across most of its relevant parameter space, whereas the same bounds impose stronger constraints on alternative baryogenesis scenarios and can exclude parts of their viable parameter regions.
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Quasi-degenerate scalar triplets in the Type-II seesaw generate light neutrino masses through their Yukawa couplings. Self-energy contributions from the mass splitting produce a resonant enhancement of the CP asymmetry in triplet decays, allowing successful leptogenesis at the TeV scale. Numerical integration of the Boltzmann equations demonstrates that viable baryogenesis occurs only in a narrow region of near-resonant splittings and moderate-to-strong washout, where the required Yukawa couplings remain small enough to satisfy neutrino data. This regime automatically yields strongly suppressed rates for lepton flavor violating processes.
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If baryogenesis initially produces an excessively-large baryon asymmetry, Y_B ≫ 10^{-10}, the baryonic mass inside the horizon can exceed the minimum neutron star mass before big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). While this large asymmetry is present, non-relativistic baryons can dominate the universe and enhanced density perturbations on small scales can gravitationally collapse Hubble patches shortly after horizon re-entry. For some initial perturbations, just below the threshold for black hole formation, this collapse will be arrested only by nuclear pressure, possibly resulting in neutron star formation. Afterwards, there must be a large entropy injection to restore the observed baryon asymm
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After further developing the flavour-covariant Kadanoff-Baym formalism, we study in detail a novel dominant mechanism for low-scale leptogenesis which becomes greatly enhanced by resonant thermal lepton-flavour coherences at the two-loop level. This mechanism works successfully for both Dirac and Majorana singlet neutrinos, and it does not rely on whether these singlet neutrinos are quasi-degenerate or not. In particular, it implies that successful low-scale leptogenesis in the type-I seesaw framework can be naturally realised with heavy neutrino masses that could be as low as GeV.
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Successful generation of the observed baryon asymmetry is possible through the decay of triplet fermions as light as a few TeV in a fast-expanding universe and a few hundred TeV in scalar-tensor gravity, because the altered Hubble rate reduces the efficiency of washout processes.
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Considering Z4 symmetry in the Type I seesaw scenario, mass-squared differences of light neutrinos, mixings and CP violating phase are obtained within 3 sigma based on neutrino oscillation data using only three independent complex parameters for allowed Yukawa couplings and one real mass parameter for heavy right-handed neutrino fields around the electroweak scale. With three additional real parameters from small soft-symmetry breaking terms, the lightest right-handed neutrino serves as a dark matter candidate via the freeze-in mechanism while the decays of the other two generate the baryonic asymmetry of the universe naturally via resonant leptogenesis.
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Restricting the modulus τ to fixed points of the modular group fixes the Yukawa couplings in the non-holomorphic modular symmetry. Applying this to a type III seesaw, the model is confronted with NuFIT 6.1 data via χ² analysis, and it is found that certain fixed points, together with nearby regions defined by small deviations, reproduce the neutrino masses, mixings, and generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis.
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In frameworks equipped with non-invertible selection rules, a CP-like symmetry restricts tree-level mass matrices; once loop corrections are included, these rules are broken radiatively, introducing flavor-dependent phases that produce leptonic CP violation. The same corrections generate mass terms, as illustrated in the inverse seesaw model where the Majorana mass of the light sterile neutrino N_L appears dynamically together with CP violation. The mechanism is presented as having wider applicability to other CP-related issues such as the strong CP problem, leptogenesis, and baryogenesis.
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In a near-radiation background with effective pressure p_eff equal to p minus 3 zeta H where zeta equals xi rho over H, positive xi produces nonzero and increasing R together with a baryon asymmetry eta proportional to xi T_D to the fifth over M squared times M_Pl cubed. The viable region for T_D, M, and xi reproduces the observed asymmetry while satisfying bounds, motivated by a particle-creation sector of heavy GUT-scale fields.
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The central claim is that the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the present-day universe is mainly due to the highly suppressed detection probability for the primordial antimatter, which is a direct result of the Dirac-Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation of antimatter and the extremely time asymmetric expansion of the primordial universe.
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In SM extensions with new SU(2)_L multiplet fields that possess CP-violating Yukawa couplings, the low-energy theory contains a CP-violating dimension-six operator built from the SU(2)_L gauge fields; the gradual freeze-out of the associated electroweak sphaleron-like processes can generate the observed baryon asymmetry when the multiplet masses lie near the TeV scale.
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Gravitationally produced superheavy particle–antiparticle pairs, after quantum oscillations during reheating, develop relative-density perturbations that exit the horizon and leave a net particle-minus-antiparticle asymmetry inside the horizon; decays of the heavy states then generate the observed baryon and lepton asymmetries, a primordial magnetic field from the associated current, and an analogous dark-sector asymmetry, all consistent with data.
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Successful cogenesis of the observed baryon asymmetry and an asymmetric dark-matter relic is possible inside an extended type-I Dirac seesaw for dark-matter masses in the window 100 MeV ≲ m_χ ≲ 39 TeV. The lower edge is fixed by the demand that the symmetric dark-matter component annihilate away before big-bang nucleosynthesis; the upper edge is fixed by unitarity bounds on asymmetric dark matter.
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The Universe is created as a pair of coordinate-reversed counterparts that form a globally CPT-symmetric system permitting local CPT violations within each sector. Local CPT violation induces a mass difference between the real inflaton and anti-inflaton fields, modifying reheating temperatures and naturally generating the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in both universes.
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Within the two-parameter littlest inverse seesaw model the observed baryon asymmetry is successfully generated either by resonant leptogenesis driven by RGE-induced mass splittings of initially degenerate pseudo-Dirac sterile-neutrino pairs, or by ARS leptogenesis with hierarchical pairs, without introducing any additional free parameters.
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In the presence of an approximately conserved global charge carried either by new states with nonzero hypercharge or by Standard Model fields, weak sphalerons generate a nonzero equilibrium baryon density wherever h/T ≲ 1. The required global charge asymmetry is produced during a phase transition that changes the strength of electroweak symmetry breaking but need not coincide with the final electroweak transition, allowing baryon production to occur behind the wall of an inverse electroweak phase transition.
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In the RxSM the parameter regions that realise a strong first-order electroweak phase transition split into two disjoint phenomenological classes: singlet-driven transitions produce LISA signal-to-noise ratios above 10 while the one-loop trilinear Higgs coupling modifier stays within a few percent of unity, whereas doublet-driven transitions force that modifier into the range 1.35–1.7 (and correspondingly large deviations in e+e- di-Higgs rates) while the LISA signal-to-noise ratio stays below 10 for almost the entire plane.
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Dark matter consists of dense aggregates of quark and antiquark matter stabilised by axion domain walls; the framework supplies a single early-Universe mechanism that simultaneously accounts for the observed dark-matter density and the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry.
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Standard Model fermions are three-preon composites confined at Lambda_cr approximately 10^14 GeV. The Pauli principle acting on the ground-state spin-color wave function fixes the mass hierarchy, reproducing m_e/m_u equal to 0.22 at metacolor string tension sigma*_mc/theta^2 equal to 2.11 and predicting m_d/m_u approximately 2.3. The neutrino remains massless at tree level by the same exclusion argument; a spectator field chi supplies a seesaw giving m_nu approximately Lambda_EW^2/Lambda_cr approximately 0.1 eV. Baryon asymmetry arises at the confinement scale via Callan-Harvey anomaly inflow whose coefficient is set by the fermion-boson condensation asymmetry epsilon approximately 0.022. R-
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Up to a boundary term the interaction λ ∇_μ R J^μ is equivalent to −λ R ∇_μ J^μ. When varied with respect to the metric, for a vector-density realization of J^μ the explicit J^α ∇_α R term cancels but an algebraic term −λ g_μν R ∇_α J^α survives, so the Einstein equations acquire an effective Planck mass squared M_eff² = M_Pl² − 2λ ∇_μ J^μ. Specializing to flat FLRW with homogeneous J^μ = n_X u^μ yields the modified Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations, the associated continuity relation, and dimensionless diagnostics that quantify when the spectator approximation remains valid.
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Successful thermal leptogenesis is possible in both the large-v_φ (freeze-in) and small-v_φ (freeze-out) regimes of a single Froggatt-Nielsen theory in which the flavon vacuum expectation value simultaneously controls right-handed-neutrino masses and the interaction strengths of the flavon and dark-matter sectors.
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In the co-genesis scenario the hierarchical coupling structure allows enhanced CP violation while supporting a low-scale seesaw mechanism at order O(2) TeV. This setup links light neutrino masses directly to the Majorana mass term and yields spin-independent cross sections for dark matter heavier than 10 GeV that can be tested in current direct detection experiments, while also motivating searches inside the neutrino fog for lighter masses.
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The paper's central claim is that the baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be generated by gravity alone in two f(R) modified-gravity models that are already used for inflation, through the gravitational baryogenesis coupling (∂μR)j^μ_B/M_*^2. Working in the Einstein frame, where f(R) gravity becomes General Relativity plus a scalaron field, the paper derives analytic slow-roll solutions for the scalaron and converts them into explicit Jordan-frame expressions for the Ricci scalar, its time derivative, the Hubble parameter, the scale factor, and the temperature of radiation produced by the rapidly changing geometry. It then evaluates the baryon asymmetry factor η = −(15 g_B/4π^2 g_*) (∂_0 R)
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In the quasi-degenerate but non-resonant regime, the CP asymmetry parameter is expanded near mass degeneracy subject to the condition ΔM > 100Γ_i, which produces the bound ε ≤ 1/200 independent of effective neutrino masses and right-handed neutrino mass. This enables successful baryon asymmetry generation by right-handed neutrino decays for M ≳ 100 GeV independent of washout regime, and during reheating down to T_RH ≃ 10 GeV, with a consistent treatment of flavour effects.
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The core discovery is that the dimension-six effective operators induced by fourth-generation quarks carry a definite, computable CP-odd phase from the 4×4 CKM matrix, and when the associated operators for the fourth-generation leptons τ′ and ν′ are fed into the established electroweak baryogenesis transport formalism, the predicted baryon-over-entropy ratio comes out at η_B ≈ 10^{-10}, matching the measured value (8.8±0.6)×10^{-11}. The coefficient is fixed by the three-loop heavy-quark penguin amplitude, the dispersive determination of V_ub′, V_cb′, V_tb′, and a two-stage RG estimate of the electroweak symmetry restoration scale. The paper states that no new free parameters are introduced:
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The paper's central claim is that low-energy galactic neutrinos provide a two-way test of gravity's nature. Under a quantum description, the long-range graviton interaction necessarily creates an atom-like bound neutrino structure whose total mass is about 4.25e-18 solar masses, or 10^-29 of the Milky Way's dark matter within 292 kpc, so it cannot be dark matter, yet its experimental confirmation would be direct evidence for gravity as a quantum force mediated by gravitons. Under a classical description in which gravity is spacetime curvature, neutrinos interact only via the short-range weak force, behave as free collisionless classical particles experiencing no Fermi pressure, and can popul
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At dimension 7, the single dLQLH operator — built from two left-handed lepton doublets, a quark doublet, a right-handed down-type quark, and the Higgs — violates lepton number while changing down-quark flavor. The authors show that its effects on the rare decays B+→K+νν and K→πνν can be large enough to be seen at Belle II (50 ab^-1) and KOTO II, but only if the washout of the primordial baryon asymmetry is avoided. That is possible if at least one lepton flavor is almost decoupled from the operator: the B/3−ℓ charge of that flavor then survives the sphaleron era. For B→Kνν, an excess at Belle II requires the first-generation couplings to be suppressed, with the ratio r of first-generation to
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The central claim is that thermally induced Higgs decays to lepton doublets and singlet neutrinos, amplified by resonant lepton-doublet flavour coherences, generate a lepton asymmetry that converts to the observed baryon asymmetry via sphaleron processes, even in the absence of quasi-degenerate sterile neutrinos.
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The paper's central claim is that baryogenesis from a time-dependent derivative source is controlled by a low-pass transfer function: a zero-mean oscillatory chemical potential convolved with a smooth freeze-out window suffers adiabatic cancellation, with suppression F(x)=1/√(1+x²), x=ωτ_off. It then proposes an entropy-clock source, θ=ε ln(S/S₀), whose chemical potential μ_B=ε d lnS/dt is single-signed during entropy-producing reheating and survives freeze-out. The final asymmetry is an overlap integral of the violation window with Π=d lnS/d ln a; in the minimal ΔL=2 benchmark, freeze-out occurs near 10¹²–10¹³ GeV (0.05 eV/m̄ν)² and needs εΠ_eff of a few ×10⁻³. The result fixes one combinat
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The central claim is that the two-brane baryogenesis mechanism becomes predictive once the magnetic field is treated stochastically: the baryon yield YB is a sharply nonlinear function of the local vector-potential difference At=|A+−A−|, and after averaging over the Maxwellian distribution of At, the observed baryon density (comoving YB ≈ 8.8×10^-11) is obtained only for a narrow interval of field amplitudes, roughly B0 ≈ (0.7–1.3)×10^10 T at T≈160 MeV. The same calculation shows that amplitudes in the upper part of the allowed window would overproduce antibaryons, so the requirement that the universe be matter-dominated narrows the range further. Independently of this amplitude, the density
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A previously proposed nonlocal Lorentz invariant QFT, which violates the CPT theorem, is both renormalizable and unitary, and satisfies causality. This constitutes the first example in the literature of a nonlocal theory with these properties. Generalization to gauge theories is envisaged, including dressing the Standard Model with a CP violating phase to potentially explain baryon asymmetry.
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The tree-level multiple point principle, requiring degeneracy between the electroweak and singlet vacua, favors large SU(2)_L doublet-singlet mixing parameters that compete with the degenerate scalar scenario demanded by experiment; nevertheless, viable regions remain in which observed dark-matter constraints are satisfied, and thermal loop effects induce a strong first-order electroweak phase transition compatible with electroweak baryogenesis.
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The central claim is that in a Standard Model extension with three right-handed neutrinos plus a Z2-odd scalar phi and fermion psi, the combination of N1 -> l H and N1 -> phi psi decays and several 2-to-2 scattering channels produces enough CP asymmetry for successful leptogenesis with the lightest heavy neutrino at 2 TeV, even though N2 and N3 are hierarchical. The CP asymmetries receive new one-loop contributions from phi and psi in self-energy and vertex diagrams, and from interference between N1- and N2-mediated scattering amplitudes. The same Yukawa couplings y_i that set the dark-matter co-annihilation abundance enter the asymmetry sources, so dark-matter cosmology and baryogenesis are
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The central claim is that the universal seesaw framework, combined with a generalized parity that solves the strong CP problem, offers a new and viable leptogenesis channel that avoids the usual high-scale obstruction. Instead of using the ν_R inside the SU(2)_R doublet—whose gauge interactions thermalize and wash out the asymmetry unless the left-right breaking scale is very high—the model uses the gauge-singlet fermions N_L and N_R required for Type-I seesaw neutrino masses. The parity doubling of these singlets means that one generation already contains two heavy states with complex couplings, so the interference of tree and one-loop diagrams yields a nonzero CP asymmetry once the masses
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The abstract states: 'this scaling breaks down for larger angles, with particle production saturating as the initial phase approaches π in Minkowski spacetime.' The conclusion repeats: 'the effects of a large misalignment angle on the generated baryon asymmetry are not substantially different from those predicted by the small-angle approximation in Minkowski space.' If correct, this would mean the baryon asymmetry is bounded for large initial phases, rather than growing as θ_i^3.
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Central claim: the charged-lepton dipole coefficient C_eγ(q^2=0) is analytic at the neutrino resonance, so the resonant enhancement that produces the baryon asymmetry does not amplify the low-energy dipole. C_eγ receives only a one-loop mixing contribution—linear in the neutrino-dipole coefficients and the neutrino mass couplings—and a two-loop pure-dipole term, both loop-suppressed. Consequently the paper derives analytic upper bounds, e.g. BR(μ→eγ) ≲ 3×10^{-28}, |d_e| ≲ 6×10^{-37} e cm, and |Δa_μ| ≲ 1.3×10^{-21} for the width-only benchmark, many orders below current limits. The same dipole double insertion yields radiative neutrino masses far below oscillation data, and no additional neut
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The paper introduces a new dissipation mechanism for a rotating axion. A QCD axion coupled anomalously to a dark SU(2)_D gauge group turns 't Hooft–Polyakov monopoles into dyons via the Witten effect, with the electric charge of each monopole proportional to θ = a/f_a. As θ rotates, adjacent quantized dyon levels cross; at each crossing the dyon decays into a light dark fermion pair, releasing energy 2m_f. This yields an energy-loss rate (Eq. 3.1) that depletes the axion rotation before it can overproduce axion dark matter, while still leaving enough rotation for axiogenesis to generate the baryon asymmetry. The final axion relic density matches the observed dark matter abundance for f_a ≲ 1
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Starting from symmetric initial conditions with zero lepton numbers in left- and right-handed neutrinos, the paper shows that the interference between tree-level and one-loop inflaton decays, mediated by a complex trilinear coupling gφ and a real quartic coupling λ5, generates a Higgs doublet asymmetry during reheating. The inert doublet h-hat, decaying out of equilibrium into right-handed neutrinos, transfers this scalar asymmetry into a chiral neutrino asymmetry. Electroweak sphalerons convert part of the left-handed asymmetry into baryons, while the right-handed neutrinos remain out of equilibrium until much lower temperatures, freezing in a final baryon asymmetry with B0 = −(28/79)Lν_R.
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The additional ~LNC dim-6 interactions (the operator O6=(Lα νR,I)(uR Q)/Λ² with G=F/√Tr(F†F)) can change the resulting baryon asymmetry by multiple orders of magnitude compared to the dim-4 interactions usually considered — enhancement or suppression depending on Λ — so that a future observation of 0νββ decay at Λ≈10^5 GeV would exclude most of the parameter space of this low-scale leptogenesis mechanism, favoring low RHN masses and low reheating temperatures.
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With CP violation induced by Yukawa couplings, equal and opposite lepton asymmetries are generated in the visible and hidden sectors. Subsequent evolution preserves lepton number separately in each sector, and sphaleron interactions partially convert the lepton asymmetry into baryon asymmetry near the temperature of the first-order phase transition. Stochastic gravitational wave background production is discussed for the first-order phase transition using a gauge-independent bubble nucleation dynamics which yields spectra also valid in the supercooled low-temperature regime with T_p/m_{A_x} << 1. A parameter-space scan identifies regions that simultaneously account for cogenesis of baryon as