Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
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Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
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abstract
We substantially update the capabilities of the open-source software instrument Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). MESA can now simultaneously evolve an interacting pair of differentially rotating stars undergoing transfer and loss of mass and angular momentum, greatly enhancing the prior ability to model binary evolution. New MESA capabilities in fully coupled calculation of nuclear networks with hundreds of isotopes now allow MESA to accurately simulate advanced burning stages needed to construct supernova progenitor models. Implicit hydrodynamics with shocks can now be treated with MESA, enabling modeling of the entire massive star lifecycle, from pre-main sequence evolution to the onset of core collapse and nucleosynthesis from the resulting explosion. Coupling of the GYRE non-adiabatic pulsation instrument with MESA allows for new explorations of the instability strips for massive stars while also accelerating the astrophysical use of asteroseismology data. We improve treatment of mass accretion, giving more accurate and robust near-surface profiles. A new MESA capability to calculate weak reaction rates "on-the-fly" from input nuclear data allows better simulation of accretion induced collapse of massive white dwarfs and the fate of some massive stars. We discuss the ongoing challenge of chemical diffusion in the strongly coupled plasma regime, and exhibit improvements in MESA that now allow for the simulation of radiative levitation of heavy elements in hot stars. We close by noting that the MESA software infrastructure provides bit-for-bit consistency for all results across all the supported platforms, a profound enabling capability for accelerating MESA's development.
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TOI-2195 A b is an inflated hot Neptune that likely originated as a Jovian planet losing ~90% mass through Roche lobe overflow during EKL-driven high-eccentricity migration triggered by a wide binary companion.
Asteroseismic structure inversions can be performed in acoustic and buoyancy coordinates, overcoming breakdowns for non-solar stars and removing the need for prior mass and radius knowledge in p-mode cases.
Analytical relations for convective core mass, variable-mu structure, and main-sequence end in intermediate-mass stars, with MESA validation.
Roche lobe overflow during gas giant destruction aligns stellar spins with orbits within tens of degrees regardless of starting conditions, offering an observable to differentiate this mechanism from high-eccentricity migration.
Gravity-wave polarization theory is extended to non-axisymmetric stellar magnetic fields, revealing avoided crossings and a new mixing threshold distinct from the magnetic-suppression threshold.
2D hydro simulations of a red giant star find that low-frequency mixed modes below 50 microhertz carry the largest kinetic energies, unlike empirical predictions peaking near nu_max, with surface velocities matching in the less-truncated run.
NuGNN applies a heterogeneous graph neural network to surrogate-solve a 690-isotope nuclear reaction network, achieving few-percent errors and reproducing final abundances where fully connected and Res-U-Net models fail.
Bayesian framework with active-learning surrogate for MESA models constrains ages and α_MLT from 38 main-sequence DEBs, recovering some α_MLT values below the solar calibration.
Self-consistent spherical accretion simulations show cooling-enhanced growth of PBHs with radiative efficiency ~10^{-2} in the bremsstrahlung regime, yielding a critical seed mass of ~10^{-16} M_sun to consume a solar-mass star in a Hubble time.
Primordial black holes captured by stars lead to either quiet consumption or explosive disruption via disk formation, producing transients and high-spin remnants with potentially observable event rates.
3D hydro simulations demonstrate that donor central concentration (ρ_c/ρ_bar) controls inspiral morphology and mass-ejection history in common-envelope events for luminous red novae.
TESS data show stochastic low-frequency variability dominates in most extreme helium stars, with characteristic timescales of 0.5-10 days correlating to stellar parameters and matching subsurface convection predictions.
Blue straggler stars in old open clusters exhibit a Kraft break in rotation, with rapid rotators above the break and slow rotators below, indicating their envelopes behave like those of single stars.
A coupled MESA-GYRE framework shows interior radiative damping of gravity waves dominates tidal evolution in TOI-5882, predicting a 2-6 fold reduction in engulfment timescale versus equilibrium tide models.
First coupled GRHD simulations with M1 neutrino transport and alpha-chain network show hyperaccreting NSs in envelopes collapse to BHs without forming stable TZOs or unbound ejecta.
MOFAT applied to SN2024ggi shows CO triggering inner SiO formation with a receding edge, order-of-magnitude mass drop, clumping signatures, and no dust formation.
Dynamic Time Warping with a shared warping path across parameters aligns binary stellar tracks for accurate interpolation while preserving physical relationships such as the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
Millicharged particles weaken pulsational pair-instability in massive stars, shifting the lower edge of the black hole mass gap upward and turning gravitational wave observations into a probe for particles with masses 35-200 keV and charges 10^{-10} to 10^{-9}.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
Orbit-averaged elastic DM scattering in S4714 reaches stellar luminosity at σ_χp ∼ 10^{-36} cm² (MeV–GeV) and σ_χe ∼ 5×10^{-38} cm² (sub-MeV) for a spiked profile.
Theta Eridani's historical brightness is explained as a millenary common-envelope transient powered by orbital energy extraction in a previously more eccentric binary.
Presents a grid of 113 fast-rotating, chemically-homogeneous massive star models at Z=0.001 reaching core collapse with high angular momentum for use as supernova and GRB progenitors.
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
citing papers explorer
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Mitigating Charge Migration in JWST NIRISS Reveals That KELT-7 b is a Metal-enriched Ultra-hot Jupiter Orbiting a Young Metal-rich Star
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
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Discovery of an Inflated Hot Neptune and Its Formation from Jovian Mass Loss
TOI-2195 A b is an inflated hot Neptune that likely originated as a Jovian planet losing ~90% mass through Roche lobe overflow during EKL-driven high-eccentricity migration triggered by a wide binary companion.
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Can Asteroseismic Structure Inversions Be Performed in Structure-Dependent Coordinates?
Asteroseismic structure inversions can be performed in acoustic and buoyancy coordinates, overcoming breakdowns for non-solar stars and removing the need for prior mass and radius knowledge in p-mode cases.
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Evolution of Stars During the Main Sequence and the Transition to the Red Giant Phase
Analytical relations for convective core mass, variable-mu structure, and main-sequence end in intermediate-mass stars, with MESA validation.
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Revealing the Origin of Desert Dwellers via Stellar Obliquities
Roche lobe overflow during gas giant destruction aligns stellar spins with orbits within tens of degrees regardless of starting conditions, offering an observable to differentiate this mechanism from high-eccentricity migration.
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Extending asteroseismic magnetometry across the diverse landscape of magnetic structures
Gravity-wave polarization theory is extended to non-axisymmetric stellar magnetic fields, revealing avoided crossings and a new mixing threshold distinct from the magnetic-suppression threshold.
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Revealing mixed modes in compressible hydrodynamical simulations of red giant stars
2D hydro simulations of a red giant star find that low-frequency mixed modes below 50 microhertz carry the largest kinetic energies, unlike empirical predictions peaking near nu_max, with surface velocities matching in the less-truncated run.
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NuGNN: a Graph Neural Network for Nuclear Reaction Network Equations
NuGNN applies a heterogeneous graph neural network to surrogate-solve a 690-isotope nuclear reaction network, achieving few-percent errors and reproducing final abundances where fully connected and Res-U-Net models fail.
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Precision constraints on stellar physics from main sequence detached eclipsing binaries
Bayesian framework with active-learning surrogate for MESA models constrains ages and α_MLT from 38 main-sequence DEBs, recovering some α_MLT values below the solar calibration.
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Accretion of Primordial Black Holes in Stellar Interiors
Self-consistent spherical accretion simulations show cooling-enhanced growth of PBHs with radiative efficiency ~10^{-2} in the bremsstrahlung regime, yielding a critical seed mass of ~10^{-16} M_sun to consume a solar-mass star in a Hubble time.
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The Life and Death of Stars That Capture Primordial Black Holes
Primordial black holes captured by stars lead to either quiet consumption or explosive disruption via disk formation, producing transients and high-spin remnants with potentially observable event rates.
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Hydrodynamic Response of Mildly Evolved Common Envelope Donors in Luminous Red Novae
3D hydro simulations demonstrate that donor central concentration (ρ_c/ρ_bar) controls inspiral morphology and mass-ejection history in common-envelope events for luminous red novae.
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TESS Observations of Stochastic Low-frequency Variability in Extreme Helium Stars
TESS data show stochastic low-frequency variability dominates in most extreme helium stars, with characteristic timescales of 0.5-10 days correlating to stellar parameters and matching subsurface convection predictions.
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Blue Straggler Stars in Old Open Clusters and the Kraft Break
Blue straggler stars in old open clusters exhibit a Kraft break in rotation, with rapid rotators above the break and slow rotators below, indicating their envelopes behave like those of single stars.
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The Tale of a Hungry Subgiant and Its Brown Dwarf: Interior Radiative Damping Dominates the Tidal Evolution of TOI-5882
A coupled MESA-GYRE framework shows interior radiative damping of gravity waves dominates tidal evolution in TOI-5882, predicting a 2-6 fold reduction in engulfment timescale versus equilibrium tide models.
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Hyperaccreting Neutron Stars inside Massive Envelopes: The Implausibility of Thorne-\.Zytkow Objects
First coupled GRHD simulations with M1 neutrino transport and alpha-chain network show hyperaccreting NSs in envelopes collapse to BHs without forming stable TZOs or unbound ejecta.
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Probing the 3D Structures of Supernovae through IR Signatures of CO and SiO
MOFAT applied to SN2024ggi shows CO triggering inner SiO formation with a receding edge, order-of-magnitude mass drop, clumping signatures, and no dust formation.
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Irregularly Sampled Time Series Interpolation for Binary Evolution Simulations Using Dynamic Time Warping
Dynamic Time Warping with a shared warping path across parameters aligns binary stellar tracks for accurate interpolation while preserving physical relationships such as the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
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The Black Hole Mass Gap as a New Probe of Millicharged Particles
Millicharged particles weaken pulsational pair-instability in massive stars, shifting the lower edge of the black hole mass gap upward and turning gravitational wave observations into a probe for particles with masses 35-200 keV and charges 10^{-10} to 10^{-9}.
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pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
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Dark matter energy exchange in stars orbiting supermassive black holes
Orbit-averaged elastic DM scattering in S4714 reaches stellar luminosity at σ_χp ∼ 10^{-36} cm² (MeV–GeV) and σ_χe ∼ 5×10^{-38} cm² (sub-MeV) for a spiked profile.
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The forgotten bright star: Theta Eridani as a millenary stellar transient observed by Hipparchus, Ptolemy and al-Sufi
Theta Eridani's historical brightness is explained as a millenary common-envelope transient powered by orbital energy extraction in a previously more eccentric binary.
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A grid of fast-rotating, chemically-homogeneous, supernova and/or long-GRB progenitors
Presents a grid of 113 fast-rotating, chemically-homogeneous massive star models at Z=0.001 reaching core collapse with high angular momentum for use as supernova and GRB progenitors.
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Dynamical Tides during High-Eccentricity Migration produces the Hot Jupiter Pile-up, Neptune Ridge, and Neptune Desert
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
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Stellar Population Spectra Incorporating Detailed Binary Evolution using POSYDON
New spectral models of solar-metallicity stellar populations using POSYDON show binary-stripped stars dominating ionizing radiation after about 16 Myr.
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A systematic survey for hypervelocity runaways from thermonuclear supernovae
A complete classification of Gaia-selected hypervelocity candidates yields 10 D6 and 3 LP 40-365 stars, with forward modeling favoring intermediate-heating evolutionary scenarios and low birth rates relative to the SN Ia rate.
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JWST's Little Red Dots as collapsed Supermassive Dark Stars
Supermassive dark stars powered by dark matter annihilation can collapse into quasi-stars whose envelopes expand and cool to match the observed properties of many JWST Little Red Dots while bypassing the restrictive conditions of nuclear-powered supermassive star formation.
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Escape of Water- and Metal-enriched Atmospheres from compact Hot mini-Neptunes with CHAIN
Water- and metal-rich atmospheres on compact hot mini-Neptunes lose mass more slowly than H/He cases at high enrichment levels due to enhanced cooling and higher mean molecular weight.
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Subluminous Type IIP SN 2024abfl as a Result of a Significantly Low-energy Fe-core Collapse
SN 2024abfl is a subluminous Type IIP event from a low-energy Fe-core collapse of a compact 9–10 M⊙ progenitor with only ~0.003 M⊙ of nickel.
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Temperature-resolved sensitivities of $^{56}{\rm Ni}$ production to helium-burning reactions in pair-instability supernovae
Temperature-resolved Monte Carlo analysis of PISNe finds peak sensitivity of 56Ni production to triple-alpha and 12C(alpha,gamma)16O rates at T~2.5e8 K with opposite signs, tied to pre-carbon C/O ratio.
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Reconstruction of annual solar irradiance over the last three millennia
Physics-based annual TSI reconstruction over three millennia yields a maximum difference of 1.04 W/m² in 50-year running means.
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Neutron star-companion interaction in core collapse supernovae. Population synthesis based on detailed binary evolution models
Population synthesis from binary evolution models predicts periodic neutron star-companion interactions in more than half of surviving hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae, with periods peaking at 20-50 days and lasting 0.5-10 years.
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The Distribution of Blue Straggler Stars in the Color-Magnitude Diagrams of Old Open Clusters
Blue straggler stars in old open clusters predominantly appear near the terminal-age main sequence because mass transfer from asymptotic giant branch donors enriches their cores with helium.
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Impacts of Multidimensional Progenitor Perturbations on Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
Multi-D progenitor perturbations leave shock revival and explosion energetics essentially unchanged in 2D CHIMERA runs; any effects sit below the level of numerical stochasticity.
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Deep Adaptive Optics Imaging Rules Out a Helium Star Companion to PSR J1928+1815
Deep NIR adaptive-optics imaging rules out a helium-star companion to the eclipsing millisecond pulsar PSR J1928+1815, favoring a massive white dwarf.
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Evolution of Massive Main-sequence Stars in Rapid Population Synthesis. I. Framework and Implementation
A new main-sequence evolution framework implemented in COMPAS yields more massive helium cores, more compact stripped-star radii, and systematically higher black-hole masses than standard prescriptions.
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OCCAM X. Neutron Capture Abundances with Keck/HIRES & Magellan/MIKE
New high-resolution spectra yield abundances for 7 neutron-capture elements in open cluster stars, revealing flat Milky Way gradients for second-peak s- and r-process species and shallower slopes for first-peak s-process.
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The location of the upper edge of the pair-instability supernovae black hole mass gap
The upper edge of the PISN black hole mass gap shifts by up to 30 solar masses due to nuclear reaction rate uncertainties, primarily the 12C(α,γ)16O rate, while remaining robust to resolution variations unlike the lower edge.
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Elemental Abundances from Off-center Carbon Burning in Accreting CO White Dwarfs: Implications for SN 2021yfj-like events
Numerical simulations find that off-center carbon burning in accreting CO white dwarfs produces substantial Si and S abundances that depend on initial carbon content, supporting the double WD merger scenario for SN 2021yfj-like events.
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Twin Peaks: Resolving Features in the Binary Black Hole Mass Function with COSMIC-METISSE
New MESA stellar tracks with varied winds and convective mixing produce a primary black hole mass function with twin peaks near 8 and 13 solar masses in most variations, the higher peak dominated by mass-ratio-reversal systems, with rates varying by a factor of six.
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A Stellar Role Reversal: Multiple Features in the Mass and Mass Ratio Distributions of Merging Binary Black Holes from Stable Mass Transfer
Stable mass transfer produces two distinct peaks in merging binary black hole primary mass and mass ratio distributions via mass ratio reversal under conservative mass transfer.
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Formation of Black Hole-White Dwarf X-ray Binaries in Globular Clusters
Simulations identify black hole-giant collisions as the main formation channel for ultracompact black hole-white dwarf binaries in globular clusters, with mock catalogs suggesting order-one LISA-detectable sources in the Milky Way.
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Kepler Image-Subtracted Light Curves and Variable Star Catalog of NGC 6819
Generates and publicly releases 81,498 detrended Kepler light curves plus a catalog of 87 periodic variables (26 new) in the 2.5 Gyr cluster NGC 6819 using Gaia DR3 for membership.
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The fate of Earth during the Sun's giant phases: New constraints from ab initio tidal modelling and AGB mass loss
Updated ab initio tidal models predict Earth survives the Sun's giant phases, but outcomes depend strongly on AGB mass-loss rates, with L2 Pup observations as proxy indicating survival while low rates lead to engulfment.
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The effect of near-core mixing on rejuvenation and the asteroseismic properties of massive accretors
1D models show convective boundary mixing dominates the asteroseismic imprint of accretion in massive stars, robust to semiconvection changes but drastically altered without it, with thermal relaxation as key.
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Oscillations of red giant stars with magnetic damping in the core. II. Mixed mode visibilities on the red-giant branch
Synthetic spectra show that observational biases cause dipole mode visibilities to be overestimated by up to 20 percent on the red-giant branch, while partial energy preservation under magnetic damping can produce both present and absent mixed-mode signatures.
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Building three-dimensional giant stellar models for common envelope simulations
Depositing stellar luminosity in an inner shell and cooling low-density outer cells produces a stable pulsating 3D red supergiant model for common envelope simulations without relaxation.
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Mass-Orbital Period Distribution of Massive White Dwarfs Formed Through Stable Mass Transfer
Simulations show that intermediate-mass progenitors with non-degenerate cores before helium burning produce a mass-orbital period relation for massive white dwarfs that accounts for long-period systems.
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The Impact of the New $^{59}$Fe Decay Rates on $^{60}$Fe and $^{26}$Al Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
New 59Fe beta-decay rates in non-rotating MESA models suppress 60Fe yields by 0.28 dex, yielding a Salpeter-IMF-integrated 60Fe/26Al flux ratio of 0.18 that matches the observed 0.184 ± 0.042.
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Mergers via failed common envelope as a route towards intermediate-mass stripped stars
Failed common envelope mergers yield 6-14 solar mass stripped stars consistent with long-lived core He-burning objects that appear single or in wide binaries from hierarchical triples.