A symbol bootstrap using leading singularities determines the maximal-weight symbol of the planar two-loop six-gluon amplitude in massless QCD for MHV configurations.
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Multiloop integrals in dimensional regularization made simple
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abstract
Scattering amplitudes at loop level can be expressed in terms of Feynman integrals. The latter satisfy partial differential equations in the kinematical variables. We argue that a good choice of basis for (multi-)loop integrals can lead to significant simplifications of the differential equations, and propose criteria for finding an optimal basis. This builds on experience obtained in supersymmetric field theories that can be applied successfully to generic quantum field theory integrals. It involves studying leading singularities and explicit integral representations. When the differential equations are cast into canonical form, their solution becomes elementary. The class of functions involved is easily identified, and the solution can be written down to any desired order in epsilon within dimensional regularization. Results obtained in this way are particularly simple and compact. In this letter, we outline the general ideas of the method and apply them to a two-loop example.
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representative citing papers
Machine learning discovers a tube-seeding strategy for IBP reduction of Feynman integrals that scales linearly with numerator power, demonstrated on rank-20 2-loop 5-point integrals.
Two-loop Feynman integrals involve Riemann spheres, elliptic curves, hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 and 3, K3 surfaces, and a rationalizable Del Pezzo surface of degree 2.
At 5PM-1SF order, Calabi-Yau three-fold periods emerge in radiation-reacted observables for classical black hole scattering computed with worldline QFT and advanced IBP/DE methods.
Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
Four-loop non-singlet splitting functions in QCD are computed analytically for the first time, with numerical representations provided.
Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
Mixed QCD-EW corrections to qqbar -> HH computed analytically via differential equations, matched to large-mass limit, implemented in POWHEG-BOX, showing up to +10% effect on invariant mass distribution near threshold.
An algorithm reconstructs symbolic IBP reduction coefficients via intermediate bases, demonstrated on massive box-triangle and pentagon-triangle integrals using 3289 and 13013 samplings versus over a million unknowns.
Analytic NNLO partonic coefficient functions for F2, FL, F3 in charged-current DIS with exact charm mass, expressed via Goncharov polylogarithms and Chen iterated integrals.
Proves maximal transcendentality to all orders for the vacuum-energy expansion of the double-scaled large-N PCM, with coefficients as rational polynomials in odd zeta values after a natural coupling shift.
The paper develops reduction operators from resonance in GKZ systems to contract edges in Feynman graphs for one-loop, sunrise, and banana graphs, closing differential equation systems to master integrals.
Introduces weight-shifting matrices for de Sitter diagrams, generalized with Kronecker products to arbitrary tree-level graphs, to derive massless wavefunction coefficients from conformally coupled seeds.
Determines the unique two- and three-loop symbols for the four-point NMHV form factor from an 88-letter alphabet, providing first multi-loop non-MHV data and supporting alphabet universality.
Gravitational Compton amplitude computed to third post-Minkowskian order via worldline EFT with infrared and forward divergences regulated to connect to black hole perturbation theory.
The integrated iterated single-unresolved approximate cross section in CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions is a convolution of the Born cross section with an insertion operator.
Twisted Feynman integrals are introduced with graded Symanzik polynomials, classified as exponential periods, and shown to have geometry not inferable from generalized Baikov leading singularities.
Leading-colour two-loop virtual amplitudes for ttbar+jet are extracted analytically via finite-field evaluations and differential equations, then packaged in a C++ library with new numerical integration techniques.
Cluster algebras for planar conformal kinematics are identified as G(4,n) subalgebras and used to bootstrap the symbol of an 8-point three-loop wheel integral via D3 and new algebraic letters.
Kira 2.0 implements finite-field coefficient reconstruction for IBP reductions and improved user-equation handling, yielding lower memory use and faster performance on state-of-the-art problems.
First numerical evaluation of planar two-loop helicity amplitudes for W-boson plus four partons using finite-field reduction and sector decomposition on a subset of master integrals.
Feynman integrals selected for unit leading singularities in complex geometries satisfy epsilon-factorized differential equations with new transcendental functions corresponding to periods and differential forms in the Gauss-Manin connection.
First beyond-NLO tensor decomposition and higher-order analytic one-loop amplitudes for e+e- to pi+pi-gamma, paired with a fast numerical five-point integral evaluator.
A parity-split IBP system for n-propagator families in de Sitter space is identified, along with a conjecture that dlog-form differential equations extend to dS integrands with Hankel functions, verified for the one-loop bubble.
citing papers explorer
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Bootstrapping two-loop six-gluon amplitudes in QCD
A symbol bootstrap using leading singularities determines the maximal-weight symbol of the planar two-loop six-gluon amplitude in massless QCD for MHV configurations.
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Efficient AI-Inspired Reduction of Feynman Integrals via Tube Seeding
Machine learning discovers a tube-seeding strategy for IBP reduction of Feynman integrals that scales linearly with numerator power, demonstrated on rank-20 2-loop 5-point integrals.
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The spectrum of Feynman-integral geometries at two loops
Two-loop Feynman integrals involve Riemann spheres, elliptic curves, hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 and 3, K3 surfaces, and a rationalizable Del Pezzo surface of degree 2.
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Emergence of Calabi-Yau manifolds in high-precision black hole scattering
At 5PM-1SF order, Calabi-Yau three-fold periods emerge in radiation-reacted observables for classical black hole scattering computed with worldline QFT and advanced IBP/DE methods.
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Nonlocal-in-time tail effects in gravitational scattering to fifth Post-Minkowskian and tenth self-force orders
Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
-
The four-loop non-singlet splitting functions in QCD
Four-loop non-singlet splitting functions in QCD are computed analytically for the first time, with numerical representations provided.
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Gravitational Compton scattering at the fourth post-Minkowskian order
Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
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Electroweak corrections to Higgs boson pair production: The quark channel
Mixed QCD-EW corrections to qqbar -> HH computed analytically via differential equations, matched to large-mass limit, implemented in POWHEG-BOX, showing up to +10% effect on invariant mass distribution near threshold.
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Taming Symbolic IBP Reduction with Intermediate Bases
An algorithm reconstructs symbolic IBP reduction coefficients via intermediate bases, demonstrated on massive box-triangle and pentagon-triangle integrals using 3289 and 13013 samplings versus over a million unknowns.
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Analytic results for heavy-quark contributions to charged-current DIS at NNLO
Analytic NNLO partonic coefficient functions for F2, FL, F3 in charged-current DIS with exact charm mass, expressed via Goncharov polylogarithms and Chen iterated integrals.
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Maximal Transcendentality of the Double-Scaled PCM
Proves maximal transcendentality to all orders for the vacuum-energy expansion of the double-scaled large-N PCM, with coefficients as rational polynomials in odd zeta values after a natural coupling shift.
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Resonance and Differential Reduction of Feynman Integrals
The paper develops reduction operators from resonance in GKZ systems to contract edges in Feynman graphs for one-loop, sunrise, and banana graphs, closing differential equation systems to master integrals.
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Cosmological Weight-Shifting Matrices
Introduces weight-shifting matrices for de Sitter diagrams, generalized with Kronecker products to arbitrary tree-level graphs, to derive massless wavefunction coefficients from conformally coupled seeds.
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Bootstrapping the Four-Point NMHV Stress-Tensor Form Factor
Determines the unique two- and three-loop symbols for the four-point NMHV form factor from an 88-letter alphabet, providing first multi-loop non-MHV data and supporting alphabet universality.
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The gravitational Compton amplitude at third post-Minkowskian order
Gravitational Compton amplitude computed to third post-Minkowskian order via worldline EFT with infrared and forward divergences regulated to connect to black hole perturbation theory.
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CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions: integrating the iterated single unresolved subtraction terms
The integrated iterated single-unresolved approximate cross section in CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions is a convolution of the Born cross section with an insertion operator.
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Twisted Feynman Integrals: from generating functions to spin-resummed post-Minkowskian dynamics
Twisted Feynman integrals are introduced with graded Symanzik polynomials, classified as exponential periods, and shown to have geometry not inferable from generalized Baikov leading singularities.
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Double virtual QCD corrections to $t\bar{t}+$jet production at the LHC
Leading-colour two-loop virtual amplitudes for ttbar+jet are extracted analytically via finite-field evaluations and differential equations, then packaged in a C++ library with new numerical integration techniques.
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Kinematics, cluster algebras and Feynman integrals
Cluster algebras for planar conformal kinematics are identified as G(4,n) subalgebras and used to bootstrap the symbol of an 8-point three-loop wheel integral via D3 and new algebraic letters.
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Integral Reduction with Kira 2.0 and Finite Field Methods
Kira 2.0 implements finite-field coefficient reconstruction for IBP reductions and improved user-equation handling, yielding lower memory use and faster performance on state-of-the-art problems.
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A numerical evaluation of planar two-loop helicity amplitudes for a W-boson plus four partons
First numerical evaluation of planar two-loop helicity amplitudes for W-boson plus four partons using finite-field reduction and sector decomposition on a subset of master integrals.
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Integrand Analysis, Leading Singularities and Canonical Bases beyond Polylogarithms
Feynman integrals selected for unit leading singularities in complex geometries satisfy epsilon-factorized differential equations with new transcendental functions corresponding to periods and differential forms in the Gauss-Manin connection.
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Tensor decomposition of $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ to higher orders in the dimensional regulator
First beyond-NLO tensor decomposition and higher-order analytic one-loop amplitudes for e+e- to pi+pi-gamma, paired with a fast numerical five-point integral evaluator.
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Loop integrals in de Sitter spacetime: The parity-split IBP system and $\mathrm{d}\log$-form differential equations
A parity-split IBP system for n-propagator families in de Sitter space is identified, along with a conjecture that dlog-form differential equations extend to dS integrands with Hankel functions, verified for the one-loop bubble.
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Feynman integral reduction by covariant differentiation
Covariant differentiation on the dual vector space spanned by master integrals reduces a large class of Feynman integrals to masters, with connections reusable across mass configurations.
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Discrete symmetries of Feynman integrals
Discrete symmetries of Feynman integral families correspond to permutations of Feynman parameters and induce group actions on twisted cohomology whose characters are Euler characteristics of fixed-point sets, yielding a formula for master integral counts in symmetric banana diagrams up to four loops
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Chebyshev Approximations of Feynman Integrals for Collider Physics
Chebyshev polynomial approximations with adaptive sampling solve canonical differential equations for Feynman integrals, demonstrated to be stable and competitive for two-loop five-point cases in double precision.
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Solution of Canonical Differential Equations for Integrals on Arbitrary Geometries
A strategy is introduced to solve canonical differential equations for Feynman master integrals on arbitrary geometries by reducing numerical evaluation to an enlarged system of rational differential equations.
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HyperPrecision: A Mathematica package for High-Precision Numerical Evaluation of Multivariate Hypergeometric Functions
HyperPrecision is a new Mathematica package that evaluates general Horn-type multivariate hypergeometric functions and their ε-expansions to high precision by reducing Pfaffian PDE systems to solvable ODEs.
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Notes on off-shell conformal integrals and correlation functions at five points
A basis of six uniform-transcendental five-point off-shell conformal integrals is constructed and mapped to known families, yielding symbol-level two-loop results for half-BPS correlators.
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New algorithms for Feynman integral reduction and $\varepsilon$-factorised differential equations
A geometric order relation in IBP reduction yields a master-integral basis with Laurent-polynomial differential equations on the maximal cut that are then ε-factorized.
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A Runway to Dissipation of Angular Momentum via Worldline Quantum Field Theory
The authors introduce static correlators in worldline QFT to compute angular momentum dissipation in black hole scattering, reproducing the known O(G^3) flux and extending the approach to electromagnetism at O(α^3).
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Planar master integrals for two-loop NLO electroweak light-fermion contributions to $g g \rightarrow Z H$
Analytic expressions for the planar master integrals in two-loop NLO EW light-fermion contributions to gg → ZH are derived via canonical differential equations and expressed using Goncharov polylogarithms or one-fold integrals over them.
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Progress on the soft anomalous dimension in QCD
A lightcone-expansion strategy using Wilson-line correlators and the Method of Regions yields the three-loop soft anomalous dimension for QCD amplitudes with one massive colored particle and arbitrary massless ones.
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AMFlow 2.0: significant algorithmic and software improvements for Feynman integral evaluation
AMFlow 2.0 cuts symbolic and numerical cost of multi-loop Feynman integral evaluation via an FT recursion mode, a C++ DE solver, and modern IBP reducers, demonstrated on a three-loop five-point family.
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CHESS: CHEbyshev pSeudo-Spectral transport for Feynman integral differential equations
CHESS package implements Chebyshev-Lobatto spectral collocation for transporting epsilon-factorized differential equations of Feynman master integrals with benchmarks showing rapid convergence and shorter wall times than local series methods.
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Tracing Transcendentality in Protected Correlators of N=4 SYM
Explicit two-loop computations of protected correlators in N=4 SYM yield a universal one-loop term and a planar extrapolation at arbitrary dimension controlled by stress-tensor multiplet count.
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Weak-field waveforms for generic relativistic orbits
Outlines a Schwinger-Keldysh path-integral framework that derives worldline equations of motion and computes weak-field gravitational waveforms independently for unspecified relativistic orbits.
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IterInt: Evaluating iterated integrals via differential equations
IterInt package evaluates iterated integrals by transforming them into solvable differential equation systems with built-in regularization.
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CoLoRFulNNLO for color-singlet processes: An update on NNLOCAL
NNLOCAL extends CoLoRFulNNLO to color-singlet processes using generic QCD IR factorization counterterms integrated analytically for stable NNLO LHC cross sections.
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Multi-Loop Negative Geometries
Explicit three-loop computation of negative geometries for F(g,z) with all-loop resummation of one-cycle diagrams and extraction of the cusp anomalous dimension via z-integration.
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The geometric bookkeeping guide for $\varepsilon$-factorised differential equations
Describes a geometric-ordering approach to the Laporta algorithm plus transformation matrices that produce ε-factorised differential equations for arbitrary Feynman integral families.
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Numerical analytical continuation of multivariate hypergeometric functions
A general numerical framework is described for high-precision evaluation and analytic continuation of multivariate hypergeometric functions via Pfaffian systems and the Frobenius method.
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One-loop amplitudes for $t\bar{t}j$ and $t\bar{t}\gamma$ productions at the LHC through $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^2)$
Analytic expressions for one-loop helicity amplitudes in ttj and ttγ production are derived to O(ε²) as linear combinations of pentagon functions with rational coefficients in momentum-twistor variables, obtained via differential equations solved numerically by generalized power series expansion.
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From geometry to phenomenology
Feynman integrals with mixed geometries (K3 surfaces, curves, points) can be computed more efficiently by extracting and using their algebraic geometric properties.