First definitive X-ray shock breakout from a Type Ic-BL supernova, with radio constraints and a rate calculation implying most such supernovae produce fainter signals than observed here.
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Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
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abstract
On 2017 August 17, the gravitational-wave event GW170817 was observed by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 170817A was observed independently by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and the Anticoincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory. The probability of the near-simultaneous temporal and spatial observation of GRB 170817A and GW170817 occurring by chance is $5.0\times 10^{-8}$. We therefore confirm binary neutron star mergers as a progenitor of short GRBs. The association of GW170817 and GRB 170817A provides new insight into fundamental physics and the origin of short gamma-ray bursts. We use the observed time delay of $(+1.74 \pm 0.05)\,$s between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to: (i) constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and the speed of light to be between $-3\times 10^{-15}$ and $+7\times 10^{-16}$ times the speed of light, (ii) place new bounds on the violation of Lorentz invariance, (iii) present a new test of the equivalence principle by constraining the Shapiro delay between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We also use the time delay to constrain the size and bulk Lorentz factor of the region emitting the gamma rays. GRB 170817A is the closest short GRB with a known distance, but is between 2 and 6 orders of magnitude less energetic than other bursts with measured redshift. A new generation of gamma-ray detectors, and subthreshold searches in existing detectors, will be essential to detect similar short bursts at greater distances. Finally, we predict a joint detection rate for the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors of 0.1--1.4 per year during the 2018-2019 observing run and 0.3--1.7 per year at design sensitivity.
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representative citing papers
In Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories, charged compact binaries produce gravitational waveforms containing a leading -1 post-Newtonian dipole correction controlled by one deviation parameter b.
Galileon models must obey a void-depth limit tied to expansion history to avoid force breakdowns, excluding ~60% of a linear parameterization's space by z less than or equal to 10.
Requiring stealth Schwarzschild and de Sitter solutions in quadratic/cubic scalar-tensor theories eliminates odd-parity deviations from GR when all solutions are required, while allowing some deviations and non-trivial GW speeds in less restrictive cases.
Proposes APTA with 6 satellites and 10^{-18} relative clock uncertainty at 1s averaging to achieve sensitivity for observing 10^3-10^4 solar-mass black hole mergers in the decihertz band.
The Paneitz operator in 4D belongs to extended mimetic gravity and is constrained by gravitational wave propagation speed.
LIGO and Virgo detected 39 compact binary coalescence events in O3a, including 13 new ones, with black hole binaries up to 150 solar masses and the first significantly asymmetric mass ratios.
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
Numerical simulations of collapsing scalarized neutron stars show scalar radiation energy of order 10^{-3} solar masses, orders of magnitude above the tensor quadrupolar emission, potentially observable to test modified gravity.
A ring-shaped wobbling jet explains the shallow late-time afterglow decay of GW170817 better than a collimated jet at 4.8 sigma significance, implying a ~27 degree wobble angle.
Tests EFT-derived consistency relations between LSS and GW constraints on the effective gravitational coupling, finding agreement at current precision with GW170817 matching LSS accuracy.
Eccentricity-induced higher harmonics allow binary neutron star gravitational wave signals to reach detection thresholds and achieve useful localization several minutes earlier in 2G detector networks than circular signals.
Binary black hole signals in GWTC-1 are consistent with general relativity predictions, with an improved graviton mass bound of mg ≤ 4.7 × 10^{-23} eV/c² at 90% credible level.
An EFT consistency map transports cosmology-conditioned posteriors from scalar-tensor FLRW backgrounds to black-hole quasinormal-mode kernels, showing tensor-speed effects fall below ringdown detectability while other operators remain potentially active near black holes.
Magnetically driven shocks from neutron star merger remnants can reheat ejecta to nuclear statistical equilibrium, alter r-process yields, and produce observable changes in kilonova color and light curves.
Kinetic screening non-monotonically suppresses or enhances scalar quadrupolar emission from equal-mass neutron star binaries depending on screening radius versus wavelength, with a dipole re-emerging linearly with mass asymmetry.
In dRGT massive gravity, the helicity-2 modes propagate on the metric lightcone in the high-frequency limit for arbitrary backgrounds.
kSZ measurements constrain the gravitational acceleration between galaxy halos to follow g ∝ 1/r^{2.1±0.3}, consistent with Newtonian gravity in ΛCDM.
3D GRMHD simulations with second-moment neutrino transport show aligned spins produce more collimated polar outflows and 2.4e-3 solar masses of proton-rich material yielding light r-process elements like 56Ni, while antialigned spins disrupt magnetic amplification.
Monte Carlo simulation of post-merger remnant shows pair annihilation rates greatly increased in cold low-density regions and inelastic electron scattering important for heavy-lepton neutrino thermalization, processes not included in prior merger simulations.
Spectral-siren H0 constraints from GWTC-4.0 binary black holes remain robust when the mass spectrum is permitted to evolve with redshift at current detector sensitivity.
Forecasts that cross-correlating 3G GW dark sirens with CSST photometric galaxies yields 1.04% precision on H0 and 2.04% on Omega_m while also constraining GW clustering bias.
Fuzzy dark matter induces frequency-dependent amplitude birefringence in gravitational waves with periodic time modulation set by the scalar mass, but no velocity birefringence.
No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.
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Tests of General Relativity with the Binary Black Hole Signals from the LIGO-Virgo Catalog GWTC-1
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Thesis summarizing an upper limit of 0.12 eV on the neutrino mass sum, bias calibration via CMB lensing cross-correlations, and tighter limits plus stronger normal-ordering preference in non-phantom dynamical dark energy models.
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Noncanonical Approaches To Inflation
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