Numerical simulations across 10 cosmologies reveal stronger perpendicular void-surface halo alignments in models with more dynamic dark energy, quantified by fitted parameter d_t that follows a bilinear relation with w and wa.
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The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) I: Overview
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abstract
The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) is a new accurate Boltzmann code, designed to offer a more user-friendly and flexible coding environment to cosmologists. CLASS is very structured, easy to modify, and offers a rigorous way to control the accuracy of output quantities. It is also incidentally a bit faster than other codes. In this overview, we present the general principles of CLASS and its basic structure. We insist on the friendliness and flexibility aspects, while accuracy, physical approximations and performances are discussed in a series of companion papers.
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representative citing papers
Computes anisotropic CMB spectral distortion power spectra from photon-dark photon conversions, finding that mass controls multipole shape and mixing sets amplitude, then places Planck limits on the minimal model.
Any unified early and late dark energy scenario with a single tracking scalar field requires a potential with three distinct slopes arranged in a steep-steeper-shallow hierarchy.
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
The velocity coherence scale R_v marks the onset of statistical homogeneity, is redshift-independent in comoving coordinates, and connects directly to the matter-radiation equality scale k_eq in standard cosmology.
Derives the power spectrum evolution and cross-spectra for arbitrary multi-species wave and particle dark matter, incorporating free-streaming, Jeans scales, and intrinsic fluctuations.
The paper calculates multifrequency angular power spectra of the 21 cm line for models with primordial magnetic fields of strength 4 nG and spectral indices -2.9 and -2.5, then estimates signal-to-noise ratios for uGMRT, MeerKAT and SKA1-MID.
CosmoGen employs evolutionary algorithms for symbolic regression to generate dark energy fluid models that alleviate S8 and H0 tensions, with Bayesian analysis of one model showing tension relief though weaker preference than LambdaCDM.
Cobaya is a modular Bayesian analysis code that exploits model interdependencies via automatic caching and a novel parameter-blocking algorithm to minimize sampling cost.
CLASS implements a tunable baryon-photon tight-coupling approximation, a new ultra-relativistic fluid approximation, and a radiation streaming approximation that accounts for reionization, yielding simultaneous gains in speed and precision.
Composite dark matter from a keV–MeV confining phase transition sources an IR-enhanced curvature spectrum that competes with free-streaming suppression, yielding concrete CMB and Lyman-α bounds on transition strength and temperature.
LLM embeddings condition a generative transformer to enable faster convergence, better performance, and generalization to unseen LHC processes using a single model.
Manticore-Deep uses tiled Bayesian field-level inference on SDSS and BOSS data to produce posterior ensembles of 3D cosmic fields that are consistent with LCDM and validated by 7.4σ CMB lensing and 3.5σ kSZ detections.
CMBolic supplies analytic emulators for CMB lensing spectra achieving 0.27-0.32% mean fractional error, validated against CLASS on ACT DR6 and Planck lensing data.
Calibrates a one-parameter semi-analytic damping model for oscillatory primordial power spectrum features using N-body simulations and validates sub-percent accuracy via GPR emulation when modulation frequency is high enough.
An interacting sterile neutrino component via pseudoscalar mediator reconciles CMB and DESI DR2 BAO measurements with 2.7 sigma preference and reduces H0 tension to 2.4 sigma.
Bursty high-redshift star formation boosts LIM shot-noise by line-dependent factors B_λ of 2.5-7 at z~6 via convolution of SFR correlations with SPS kernels, improving auto-spectrum detectability while degrading clustering measurements.
The GW-galaxy cross-correlation method, unified with spectral sirens in a harmonic framework, can measure H0 to 1% and Omega_m to 5% precision with 2 years of data from next-generation detectors like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer.
COLA-based hybrid emulator reproduces nonlinear power spectrum boosts in w0wa models to <2% error vs EuclidEmulator2 and produces <0.3σ shifts in LSST-like cosmic shear parameter constraints.
ACT DR6 yields a 2.3% precise CMB lensing power spectrum with A_lens = 1.013 ± 0.023 relative to Planck 2018 Lambda CDM, giving S8 = 0.818 ± 0.022 and no evidence for suppressed structure growth.
Estimators from squeezed bispectrum and collapsed trispectrum recover unbiased small-scale matter power spectrum covariance at the percent level using 25 Quijote simulations.
Two-field axion-like early dark energy reduces Hubble tension to 1.5 sigma residual and improves high-ell CMB fits over single-field models.
Asymptotic Cubic Galileon models can fit Planck+DESI+DES expansion history with phantom crossing and are tightly constrained by galaxy-ISW and void-force observables.
Under standard recombination, phantom-crossing dynamical dark energy is preferred at ~97–98.5% probability; early-time fixes to the Hubble tension erase that preference while creating severe ω_m tension with CMB.
citing papers explorer
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The effect of dark energy on the void-halo perpendicular alignments
Numerical simulations across 10 cosmologies reveal stronger perpendicular void-surface halo alignments in models with more dynamic dark energy, quantified by fitted parameter d_t that follows a bilinear relation with w and wa.
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Spectral distortion anisotropies from photon to dark photon conversions
Computes anisotropic CMB spectral distortion power spectra from photon-dark photon conversions, finding that mass controls multipole shape and mixing sets amplitude, then places Planck limits on the minimal model.
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Unifying Early and Late Dark Energy: Dynamical Requirements and Obstructions
Any unified early and late dark energy scenario with a single tracking scalar field requires a potential with three distinct slopes arranged in a steep-steeper-shallow hierarchy.
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Cosmological analysis of the DESI DR1 Lyman alpha 1D power spectrum
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
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The velocity coherence scale: a novel probe of cosmic homogeneity and a potential standard ruler
The velocity coherence scale R_v marks the onset of statistical homogeneity, is redshift-independent in comoving coordinates, and connects directly to the matter-radiation equality scale k_eq in standard cosmology.
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Growth of Structure in Multi-species Wave Dark Matter
Derives the power spectrum evolution and cross-spectra for arbitrary multi-species wave and particle dark matter, incorporating free-streaming, Jeans scales, and intrinsic fluctuations.
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Effects of primordial magnetic fields on 21 cm multifrequency angular power spectra
The paper calculates multifrequency angular power spectra of the 21 cm line for models with primordial magnetic fields of strength 4 nG and spectral indices -2.9 and -2.5, then estimates signal-to-noise ratios for uGMRT, MeerKAT and SKA1-MID.
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CosmoGen: A genetic algorithm framework for the exploration of dark energy dynamics
CosmoGen employs evolutionary algorithms for symbolic regression to generate dark energy fluid models that alleviate S8 and H0 tensions, with Bayesian analysis of one model showing tension relief though weaker preference than LambdaCDM.
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Cobaya: Code for Bayesian Analysis of hierarchical physical models
Cobaya is a modular Bayesian analysis code that exploits model interdependencies via automatic caching and a novel parameter-blocking algorithm to minimize sampling cost.
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The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) II: Approximation schemes
CLASS implements a tunable baryon-photon tight-coupling approximation, a new ultra-relativistic fluid approximation, and a radiation streaming approximation that accounts for reionization, yielding simultaneous gains in speed and precision.
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Probing Confining Dark Sectors with Cosmological Perturbations
Composite dark matter from a keV–MeV confining phase transition sources an IR-enhanced curvature spectrum that competes with free-streaming suppression, yielding concrete CMB and Lyman-α bounds on transition strength and temperature.
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One Generator, Any Process: LLM-Conditioning for the LHC
LLM embeddings condition a generative transformer to enable faster convergence, better performance, and generalization to unseen LHC processes using a single model.
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The Manticore Project II: Bayesian digital twins of cosmic structure across the SDSS and BOSS volumes
Manticore-Deep uses tiled Bayesian field-level inference on SDSS and BOSS data to produce posterior ensembles of 3D cosmic fields that are consistent with LCDM and validated by 7.4σ CMB lensing and 3.5σ kSZ detections.
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CMBolic: Symbolic emulators for the Cosmic Microwave Background. I. Lensing
CMBolic supplies analytic emulators for CMB lensing spectra achieving 0.27-0.32% mean fractional error, validated against CLASS on ACT DR6 and Planck lensing data.
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(The) Wiggles going non-linear
Calibrates a one-parameter semi-analytic damping model for oscillatory primordial power spectrum features using N-body simulations and validates sub-percent accuracy via GPR emulation when modulation frequency is high enough.
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Recoupled Dark Radiation reconciling CMB and DESI BAO measurements
An interacting sterile neutrino component via pseudoscalar mediator reconciles CMB and DESI DR2 BAO measurements with 2.7 sigma preference and reduces H0 tension to 2.4 sigma.
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When galaxies burst: enhanced shot-noise for line-intensity mapping in the JWST era
Bursty high-redshift star formation boosts LIM shot-noise by line-dependent factors B_λ of 2.5-7 at z~6 via convolution of SFR correlations with SPS kernels, improving auto-spectrum detectability while degrading clustering measurements.
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A unified harmonic framework for dark siren cosmology
The GW-galaxy cross-correlation method, unified with spectral sirens in a harmonic framework, can measure H0 to 1% and Omega_m to 5% precision with 2 years of data from next-generation detectors like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer.
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Modeling nonlinear scales for dynamical dark energy cosmologies with COLA
COLA-based hybrid emulator reproduces nonlinear power spectrum boosts in w0wa models to <2% error vs EuclidEmulator2 and produces <0.3σ shifts in LSST-like cosmic shear parameter constraints.
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and its Implications for Structure Growth
ACT DR6 yields a 2.3% precise CMB lensing power spectrum with A_lens = 1.013 ± 0.023 relative to Planck 2018 Lambda CDM, giving S8 = 0.818 ± 0.022 and no evidence for suppressed structure growth.
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If at First You Don't Succeed, Trispectrum: I. Estimating the Matter Power Spectrum Covariance with Higher-Order Statistics
Estimators from squeezed bispectrum and collapsed trispectrum recover unbiased small-scale matter power spectrum covariance at the percent level using 25 Quijote simulations.
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Double the axions, half the tension: multi-field early dark energy eases the Hubble tension
Two-field axion-like early dark energy reduces Hubble tension to 1.5 sigma residual and improves high-ell CMB fits over single-field models.
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Constraints on Horndeski Gravity with Phantom Crossing
Asymptotic Cubic Galileon models can fit Planck+DESI+DES expansion history with phantom crossing and are tightly constrained by galaxy-ISW and void-force observables.
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Exploring the interplay of late-time dynamical dark energy and new physics before recombination
Under standard recombination, phantom-crossing dynamical dark energy is preferred at ~97–98.5% probability; early-time fixes to the Hubble tension erase that preference while creating severe ω_m tension with CMB.
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Spherical Collapse and Halo Formation in a Cosmology with Decaying Dark Matter and a Semi-Cosmographic Dark Energy
In a decaying dark matter plus semi-cosmographic dark energy cosmology constrained by DESI BAO and ShapeFit, the spherical collapse threshold stays close to the ΛCDM value while massive halo abundance shows pronounced deviations that enable joint constraints on DDM lifetime and dark energy parameter
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Columba: isolated dwarf galaxy populations in diverse cosmological environments simulated with a cold interstellar medium
New hydrodynamical simulations show that dwarf galaxy stellar mass-halo mass relations and star formation histories are more influenced by host halo concentration than by the 5 cMpc scale environment.
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A Landscape of Cosmological Decoherence
Requiring decohered cosmological perturbations to admit a classical P-function forces their momentum variance above the vacuum value, and demanding a linear gravitational potential at reheating bounds that variance by ~10^14, excluding thermal decoherence states and restricting amplitude-basis model
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Exploring the Dark Sector: Interacting Radiation in Light of Modern Cosmological Probes
New constraints on dark radiation parameters from recent cosmological datasets show the model alleviates the Hubble tension with SH0ES inclusion while remaining consistent with standard expectations without it.
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Negative neutrino mass or negative dark energy?
A sign-switching dark energy model (Λ_s CDM) recovers positive effective neutrino masses (0.055 ± 0.050 eV) consistent with oscillation data, unlike ΛCDM which prefers negative values (-0.075 eV), for DESI DR2 + CMB + supernova fits with z_† > 2.4.
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Euclid preparation: Testing multi-field inflation with galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum
Validates redshift-space power spectrum and bispectrum analysis on Abacus-PNG mocks to recover unbiased f_NL constraints for Euclid spectroscopic sample.
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Isocurvature-induced features in multi-field Higgs-$R^2$ inflation
Numerical multi-field analysis of Higgs-R² inflation with kinetic mixing identifies two regimes: moderate ξ_h produces localized features in the curvature power spectrum via isocurvature transfer, while weak ξ_h leaves a nearly featureless spectrum with residual isocurvature.
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Reanalyzing DESI DR1: 2. Constraints on Dark Energy, Spatial Curvature, and Neutrino Masses
Reanalysis of DESI full-shape clustering data tightens constraints on neutrino mass, spatial curvature, and dark energy equation-of-state parameters relative to BAO-only results.
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The CatWISE2020 Quasar dipole: A Reassessment of the Cosmic Dipole Anomaly
Reassessment of the CatWISE2020 quasar dipole with comprehensive simulations lowers the anomaly significance from 4.9σ to 3.27–3.63σ but leaves it unexplained by clustering or mask effects alone.
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SPT-3G D1: Axion Early Dark Energy with CMB experiments and DESI
CMB-only data give f_EDE < 0.07 at 95% CL with no strong AEDE signal, while CMB+DESI yields f_EDE = 0.055^{+0.024}_{-0.047} at 68% CL and lowers Hubble tension to 2.6 sigma.
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Constraints on Neutrino Physics from DESI DR2 BAO and DR1 Full Shape
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
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Observable CMB B-modes from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Phase transitions in dark sectors can generate CMB B-modes with amplitudes competitive with inflation but peaking at smaller angular scales.
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Primordial Magnetic Fields at Cosmic Dawn: 21-cm Forecasts with HERA and SKA
Primordial magnetic fields enhance low-mass halo abundance at Cosmic Dawn, advancing Lyman-alpha coupling, X-ray heating and reionization and imprinting detectable signatures on global and fluctuating 21-cm signals observable by HERA and SKA.
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The End of the First Act: Spectral Running, Interacting Dark Radiation, and the Hubble Tension in Light of ACT DR6 Data
Including spectral running α_s, β_s and self-interacting dark radiation relaxes the ACT DR6 bound on ΔN_eff to <0.58 and lowers the Hubble tension to 2.2σ with three extra parameters.
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Reconstructing inflationary features on large scales using genetic algorithm
Genetic algorithm reconstructs single-field inflationary models with features in the scalar power spectrum that fit Planck 2018 CMB data better by Δχ² ≲ -10 and suggest alternative background parameters.
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Beyond the Standard Model of Cosmology: Testing new paradigms with a Multiprobe Exploration of the Dark Universe
Proposes primordial black holes from modified small-scale fluctuations and entropic acceleration in expanding spacetime as explanations for dark matter and dark energy.
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Late-Transition Interacting Thawer Dark Energy: Model Definition and Benchmark Consistency Tests
A late-activating conformal CDM-only scalar coupling preserves the sound horizon to ~0.4% while producing percent-level growth signatures in representative benchmarks.
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A generic $\omega_b$ tension in early-time solutions to the Hubble tension
Early-time Hubble tension solutions generically raise the preferred baryon density ω_b, conflicting with BBN deuterium constraints and producing poorer fits to CMB, BAO, supernova, and BBN data than ΛCDM.
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Present Day Cosmic Acceleration from SDSS and DESI BAO: A Call for Finer Tomography of the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey
DESI BAO+CMB yielding a positive present-day deceleration parameter q0≈0.10 (vs SDSS's q0≈−0.22) is explained by DESI's higher lowest effective redshift (0.295 vs 0.15), not by new physics.
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Dynamics of Self-Interacting Dark Sectors
The thesis solves coupled Boltzmann equations for freeze-in production and cannibal interactions in scalar theories with Z2/Z3 symmetries, mediator-coupled dark matter, cannibal production during reheating, and a hidden U(1) sector that can undergo an inverse first-order phase transition.
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Machine Learning Does It and Does It Better: Unearthing Primordial Dark-Matter Velocities from the Matter Power Spectrum
A 1D convolutional neural network reconstructs the dark-matter phase-space distribution from the matter power spectrum with greater accuracy and broader applicability than an earlier empirical formula.
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Impact of fiducial cosmology in model-agnostic cosmological inference with the BAO feature
The Zel'dovich smearing approximation for model-agnostic BAO inference is extended to include fiducial cosmology distortions and validated on AbacusSummit simulations of DESI- and Euclid-like samples, producing unbiased constraints.
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Late-Time Cosmology and Structure Formation in Quadratic $f(Q)$ Gravity
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
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Gaussian Process Reconstruction of Cosmological Parameters with Gravitational Wave Sirens using Machine Learning
Gaussian Process Regression on mock GW siren catalogues reconstructs comoving distance and derivatives, showing that derivative diagnostics at specific redshifts best separate cosmological models while background data alone does not.
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Probing late-time deviations from $\Lambda$CDM with a quadratic dark energy expansion
The QDEE model fits combined cosmological datasets better than Lambda CDM, shifts the Hubble constant higher, and shows strong Bayesian evidence in its favor.
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Comparison of Halo Model and Simulation Predictions for Projected-Field Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cross-Correlations
Halo model predictions match Websky simulations well for Planck filters but differ by ~20% for Simons Observatory filters, exceeding error bars and consistent with missing higher-order terms in the kSZ signal.