SN 2023fyq is the first Type Ibn supernova with a directly detected hot luminous progenitor consistent with a low-mass helium star in a binary system, based on pre-explosion imaging, disappearance confirmation, and multi-wavelength environmental analysis.
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Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
TOI-2195 A b is an inflated hot Neptune that likely originated as a Jovian planet losing ~90% mass through Roche lobe overflow during EKL-driven high-eccentricity migration triggered by a wide binary companion.
Binary evolution and cluster dynamics can change the cosmic PISN rate by more than an order of magnitude and already tension with SN 2018ibb limits unless Zmax is lowered.
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
Introduces a semi-deterministic star sampling method in simulations that derives the instantaneous IMF from current cluster mass using reservoir particles and on-the-fly cluster finding.
A population-synthesis framework shows rotation and unresolved companions bias isochrone ages by a factor of at least 2 near the ZAMS and by 31% for older A stars, adding ~0.1 solar mass and ~180 Myr random uncertainties.
Lumina is a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation predicting late, stellar-driven hydrogen reionization ending near z≈4.75 and AGN-driven helium reionization nearly complete by z=3.
Cosmic ray transport in molecular cloud simulations boosts star formation efficiency by up to 43% and yields a top-heavier IMF with a high-mass slope shallower by ~20%.
DESI-HVS1 is the first reported old, low-mass, metal-poor hypervelocity star candidate whose reconstructed orbit points to a Galactic Center origin.
Late strange-mode pulsations from supermassive stars eject compact, nitrogen-rich gas shells that reproduce the dense circumstellar environments of Little Red Dots before the star collapses into a heavy black hole seed.
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
Calculations indicate low microlensing rates through NGC1052-DF2 but O(1-10) events per year possible across the sky with LSST monitoring, potentially enabling independent IMF estimates in UDGs.
Bar pattern speeds anti-correlate with stellar and total dynamical mass in 30 galaxies, placing the slowest bars in the most massive systems and supporting angular momentum transfer to dark matter.
High-resolution mapping reveals nitrogen enrichment around super star clusters in NGC 5253, attributed to Wolf-Rayet stars with material expelled to surrounding gas.
Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
High [Si/Mg] = 0.67 in NGC 1277 cannot be explained by standard models and suggests pair-instability supernovae from very massive early stars.
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
Koposov 2 is an ancient, extremely metal-poor, compact stellar system best explained as a dissolving globular cluster, not a dwarf galaxy.
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
Middle-aged PWNe exhibit diverse reverberation-phase evolution but converge to Sedov-like states; 2D instabilities increase apparent size by up to 50% without changing global dynamics, supporting 1D model robustness.
citing papers explorer
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SN 2023fyq: direct detection of a Type Ibn supernova progenitor and its multi-wavelength environmental constraints
SN 2023fyq is the first Type Ibn supernova with a directly detected hot luminous progenitor consistent with a low-mass helium star in a binary system, based on pre-explosion imaging, disappearance confirmation, and multi-wavelength environmental analysis.
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Other red dots: A possible GLIMPSE of normal AGB stars at Cosmic Noon through extreme lensing
Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
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Mitigating Charge Migration in JWST NIRISS Reveals That KELT-7 b is a Metal-enriched Ultra-hot Jupiter Orbiting a Young Metal-rich Star
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
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Discovery of an Inflated Hot Neptune and Its Formation from Jovian Mass Loss
TOI-2195 A b is an inflated hot Neptune that likely originated as a Jovian planet losing ~90% mass through Roche lobe overflow during EKL-driven high-eccentricity migration triggered by a wide binary companion.
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The impact of stellar binaries and star cluster dynamics on pair-instability supernovae
Binary evolution and cluster dynamics can change the cosmic PISN rate by more than an order of magnitude and already tension with SN 2018ibb limits unless Zmax is lowered.
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Stellar winds of O-type stars traced by high ionization fine-structure emission lines with JWST/MIRI
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
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Hector Galaxy Survey: Linking the low- and high-mass ends of the initial mass function in star-forming galaxies
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
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Individual Star Sampling in Star Formation Simulations: A Semi-Deterministic Model
Introduces a semi-deterministic star sampling method in simulations that derives the instantaneous IMF from current cluster mass using reservoir particles and on-the-fly cluster finding.
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Quantifying isochrone-based age uncertainties for rapidly rotating A-type stars
A population-synthesis framework shows rotation and unresolved companions bias isochrone ages by a factor of at least 2 near the ZAMS and by 31% for older A stars, adding ~0.1 solar mass and ~180 Myr random uncertainties.
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Introducing the Lumina project: large-volume radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the epochs of hydrogen and helium reionization
Lumina is a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation predicting late, stellar-driven hydrogen reionization ending near z≈4.75 and AGN-driven helium reionization nearly complete by z=3.
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Gauging the Impact of Cosmic Ray Feedback on the Stellar Initial Mass Function
Cosmic ray transport in molecular cloud simulations boosts star formation efficiency by up to 43% and yields a top-heavier IMF with a high-mass slope shallower by ~20%.
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An Old, Low-mass, Metal-poor Hypervelocity Star Candidate Consistent with a Galactic Center Origin
DESI-HVS1 is the first reported old, low-mass, metal-poor hypervelocity star candidate whose reconstructed orbit points to a Galactic Center origin.
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Pulsational mass loss from supermassive stars creates the compact shells of Little Red Dots
Late strange-mode pulsations from supermassive stars eject compact, nitrogen-rich gas shells that reproduce the dense circumstellar environments of Little Red Dots before the star collapses into a heavy black hole seed.
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A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
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Extragalactic microlensing through Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
Calculations indicate low microlensing rates through NGC1052-DF2 but O(1-10) events per year possible across the sky with LSST monitoring, potentially enabling independent IMF estimates in UDGs.
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The Role of Baryonic and Dark Matter in Bar Kinematics
Bar pattern speeds anti-correlate with stellar and total dynamical mass in 30 galaxies, placing the slowest bars in the most massive systems and supporting angular momentum transfer to dark matter.
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The heart of NGC 5253 as seen with MUSE-NFM: nitrogen enrichment through stellar chemical feedback at parsec scales
High-resolution mapping reveals nitrogen enrichment around super star clusters in NGC 5253, attributed to Wolf-Rayet stars with material expelled to surrounding gas.
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Subaru meets JWST: A Direct Measurement of Ly$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ Escape Fraction at $\boldsymbol{z\simeq6.2}$ with Dual Narrow-Band Imaging
Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.
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Probing the origins. III. Exoplanet demographics across Galactic birth radii
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
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Chemical hints of Population III stars from silicon abundances in massive galaxies
High [Si/Mg] = 0.67 in NGC 1277 cannot be explained by standard models and suggests pair-instability supernovae from very massive early stars.
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Beyond the Fundamental Metallicity Relation: galaxy sizes encode the link between inflow and metallicity
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
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The Hubble Missing Globular Clusters Survey IV. Ultra-faint compact satellites of the Milky Way. The case of Koposov 2
Koposov 2 is an ancient, extremely metal-poor, compact stellar system best explained as a dissolving globular cluster, not a dwarf galaxy.
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JADES: the mass-metallicity relation at $z=1-10$. New calibrations, extremely metal-poor galaxies, and chemical diversity
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
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Modelling the Dynamics of Middle-Aged Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Reverberation Phase
Middle-aged PWNe exhibit diverse reverberation-phase evolution but converge to Sedov-like states; 2D instabilities increase apparent size by up to 50% without changing global dynamics, supporting 1D model robustness.
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VESTA: Visual Exploration with Statistical Tool Agents
VESTA introduces dynamic tool creation for VLMs that outperforms static-tool and no-tool baselines on distribution fitting, time series, and astronomy tasks in the new DAWN benchmark.
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RUBIES: The Evolution of the Ionization Parameter from 0 < z < 9
The ionization parameter inferred from O32 rises with redshift and sSFR, falls with stellar mass, and increases by ~4x from z=2 to z=6 at fixed mass and sSFR, with a ~0.3 dex model systematic.
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Reconstruction of annual solar irradiance over the last three millennia
Physics-based annual TSI reconstruction over three millennia yields a maximum difference of 1.04 W/m² in 50-year running means.
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Decomposing cool stellar populations with H-band spectral fluctuations: Long-period variable stars in NGC 5128 and carbon stars in NGC 5102
PCA of H-band IFU pixel spectra decomposes cool stellar populations in NGC 5128 and NGC 5102, identifying M-giant, long-period variable, and carbon star contributions.
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Neutron star-companion interaction in core collapse supernovae. Population synthesis based on detailed binary evolution models
Population synthesis from binary evolution models predicts periodic neutron star-companion interactions in more than half of surviving hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae, with periods peaking at 20-50 days and lasting 0.5-10 years.
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From inter-filamentary gas to filaments and hubs: gas flows in the Mon R2 hub-filament system
Radio observations show gas in Mon R2 flows from inter-filament regions into filaments and the central hub, with along-filament accretion rates 6.8 times cross-filament rates in filaments and 1.5 times in inter-filament gas.
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Constraints on the Metallicity-dependent Explodability of Massive Stars from Galactic Chemical Evolution: Toward Alleviating the Red Supergiant Problem
GCE with physics-motivated metallicity-dependent explodability matches key abundances and allows RSG-problem solutions only under negligible outflows and sub-solar transition metallicity.
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Probing the IMF in the Early Universe -- Direct measurements in the Bo\"otes I UFD with JWST/NIRCam
The low-mass IMF in Boötes I is consistent with the Milky Way within 68% confidence for broken power-law and lognormal forms, indicating universality at low metallicity.
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Differences between emission and absorption tracers of spatially resolved outflows in clumpy z ~ 0.1 star-forming galaxies
Spatially resolved observations of z~0.1 galaxies show Mg II absorption outflow velocities are systematically higher than Hα emission velocities by ~0.4 dex while maintaining similar correlations with star formation rate and surface density.
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The slope of the power spectrum of the density field in isothermal supersonic compressible turbulence
A model based on Chandrasekhar's 1951 time-invariant quantity quantitatively explains the Mach-number dependence of the density power spectrum slope in isothermal supersonic turbulence and demonstrates that the slope cannot reliably determine the Mach number.
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Signatures of Suppressed Matter Clustering revealed by Fast Radio Bursts
FRB dispersion measures directly constrain suppression of the matter power spectrum due to feedback at k ~ 0.1-3 h/Mpc, reduce posterior variance by a factor of ~8 at k~1 h/Mpc, and exclude extreme large-scale feedback scenarios at ~2 sigma.
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Sifting for a Stream: The Morphology of the $300S$ Stellar Stream
300S stellar stream exhibits three density peaks, smooth width variations, a possible 4.7 degree gap, and a kink modeled as resulting from Large Magellanic Cloud interaction across its full known footprint.
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Disentangling the dark and stellar mass through precise lens modelling of the JWST observation of lensed quasar WFI2033--4723
Composite time-delay lens modelling of JWST WFI2033–4723 yields intermediate stellar IMF normalisation and a steep gNFW inner slope γ_in≃1.3 that is robust to the choice of external cosmology.
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COSMOS-Web: does halo mass alone shape the clustering of star-forming and quiescent galaxies?
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
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The Impact of Non-Gaussian Line Spread Functions on Stellar Kinematic Recovery: Consequences for Dynamical Models
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
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Accretion-Driven Evolution of Compact-Object Populations in Gas-Rich Environments and the Origin of Massive Gravitational-Wave Sources
Accretion laws with super-linear mass dependence produce divergent population evolution that broadens compact-object mass distributions and drives binary mass ratios toward unity, providing a pathway to massive gravitational-wave sources.
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Unveiling a cosmic tango: Integral field spectroscopy and numerical simulations of Arp 143's interaction
New spectroscopy and simulations of Arp 143 suggest it formed via head-on collision between S0 and Sc galaxies following a flyby.
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X-ray luminosity function of Compton-thick AGN in the early Universe (z > 3). Robustness and biases of the CTK population
After applying IR-informed priors to X-ray NH posteriors in a sample of 811 high-z AGN, CTK sources comprise 17% of the population at 3<z<6 with no significant evolution.
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JWST Absorption-Line Analysis of UV-Bright Galaxies at $z=7.2-10.6$: Early Chemical Enrichment Traced by C, O, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
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ALMAGAL IX. The chemical complexity of AG318.9477-00.1960: A line-identification template for ALMAGAL
LTE analysis of ALMA data for AG318-c9 yields molecular parameters and spatial maps for three COMs, compared to G31 as a line-identification template for the ALMAGAL survey.
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Evolution of the stellar mass function in open clusters from a universal and unsegregated initial state
Bayesian analysis of 163 open clusters finds a universal initial IMF slope of -2.29 with 0.17 scatter and minimal primordial mass segregation, followed by rapid internal mass segregation and later tidal MF flattening.
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The Radio-IR Correlation in the Context of Deep Radio Source Counts
A radio-luminosity-based model of mild q decrease to z~2 from cosmic ray losses mitigates the >3σ discrepancy in MeerKAT source counts near 10 μJy with ≥2σ evidence, while bounding intrinsic scatter.
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The Impact of the New $^{59}$Fe Decay Rates on $^{60}$Fe and $^{26}$Al Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
New 59Fe beta-decay rates in non-rotating MESA models suppress 60Fe yields by 0.28 dex, yielding a Salpeter-IMF-integrated 60Fe/26Al flux ratio of 0.18 that matches the observed 0.184 ± 0.042.
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PEARLS: JWST Counterparts of Micro-Jy Radio Sources in the NEP Time Domain Field. II. All Four Spokes
Nearly every microjansky radio source in the NEP field has a bright JWST 4.4 μm host galaxy, and most hosts are star-forming, with a large minority showing active-galactic-nucleus signatures.
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A Rare Population of Intermediate-mass Helium Stars Between Hot Subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet Stars
Binary population synthesis predicts several thousand intermediate-mass helium stars in the Milky Way, mostly in binaries, with metallicity and common-envelope ejection efficiency as the dominant shaping factors.
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One Merge to Rule Them All: From Galaxy Interactions to Black Hole Mergers Using Horizon-AGN
Horizon-AGN shows galaxy and black hole merger rates both rise with stellar mass and fall with redshift, peaking near z=2-3, establishing a direct evolutionary link from galaxy interactions to black hole coalescences.