SN 2023fyq is the first Type Ibn supernova with a directly detected hot luminous progenitor consistent with a low-mass helium star in a binary system, based on pre-explosion imaging, disappearance confirmation, and multi-wavelength environmental analysis.
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Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
TOI-2195 A b is an inflated hot Neptune that likely originated as a Jovian planet losing ~90% mass through Roche lobe overflow during EKL-driven high-eccentricity migration triggered by a wide binary companion.
Binary evolution and cluster dynamics can change the cosmic PISN rate by more than an order of magnitude and already tension with SN 2018ibb limits unless Zmax is lowered.
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
Simultaneous measurement of low- and high-mass IMF slopes in 214 star-forming galaxies reveals diversity, weak correlation between ends, and links to stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity.
Introduces a semi-deterministic star sampling method in simulations that derives the instantaneous IMF from current cluster mass using reservoir particles and on-the-fly cluster finding.
A population-synthesis framework shows rotation and unresolved companions bias isochrone ages by a factor of at least 2 near the ZAMS and by 31% for older A stars, adding ~0.1 solar mass and ~180 Myr random uncertainties.
Lumina is a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation predicting late, stellar-driven hydrogen reionization ending near z≈4.75 and AGN-driven helium reionization nearly complete by z=3.
Cosmic ray transport in molecular cloud simulations boosts star formation efficiency by up to 43% and yields a top-heavier IMF with a high-mass slope shallower by ~20%.
DESI-HVS1 is the first reported old, low-mass, metal-poor hypervelocity star candidate whose reconstructed orbit points to a Galactic Center origin.
Late strange-mode pulsations from supermassive stars eject compact, nitrogen-rich gas shells that reproduce the dense circumstellar environments of Little Red Dots before the star collapses into a heavy black hole seed.
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
Calculations indicate low microlensing rates through NGC1052-DF2 but O(1-10) events per year possible across the sky with LSST monitoring, potentially enabling independent IMF estimates in UDGs.
Bar pattern speeds anti-correlate with stellar and total dynamical mass in 30 galaxies, placing the slowest bars in the most massive systems and supporting angular momentum transfer to dark matter.
High-resolution mapping reveals nitrogen enrichment around super star clusters in NGC 5253, attributed to Wolf-Rayet stars with material expelled to surrounding gas.
Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
High [Si/Mg] = 0.67 in NGC 1277 cannot be explained by standard models and suggests pair-instability supernovae from very massive early stars.
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
Koposov 2 is an ancient, extremely metal-poor, compact stellar system best explained as a dissolving globular cluster, not a dwarf galaxy.
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
Middle-aged PWNe exhibit diverse reverberation-phase evolution but converge to Sedov-like states; 2D instabilities increase apparent size by up to 50% without changing global dynamics, supporting 1D model robustness.
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The galaxy ultraviolet luminosity function from $z=7$ to $15$ in the COLIBRE simulations
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The SRG/eROSITA diffuse soft X-ray background II. spectra and morphology of the eROSITA bubbles in the western Galactic hemisphere
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Oblique shocks in massive star clusters accelerate cosmic rays to multi-PeV energies, reproducing the LHAASO-observed knee as a sequence of rigidity-dependent cutoffs from combined supernova and wind shocks.
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Adiabatic Mass Loss In Binary Stars. VI. Massive Helium Binary Stars
Adiabatic mass-loss models for massive helium stars give critical mass ratios 0.7-3.0 on the main sequence and 1.5-27 on the Hertzsprung gap, lowered by winds and adjusted by isotropic re-emission.
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IRMaGiC: Extending Luminous Red Galaxy Selection into the Infrared with Joint Rubin Observatory's Large Survey of Space Time and Roman's High Latitude Imaging Survey
IRMaGiC extends redMaGiC to z=1-2 using joint LSST optical and Roman infrared data, reducing photo-z scatter and bias for LRGs.
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The Double-Peaked Calcium-Strong SN 2025coe: Progenitor Constraints from Early Interaction and Ejecta Asymmetries
SN 2025coe's double-peaked light curve and nebular spectra are consistent with either an asymmetric core-collapse explosion of a low-mass He-core progenitor or a thermonuclear hybrid white dwarf merger.
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: stellar mass growth in massive galaxy clusters from DR5 over the past 7 billion years
Composite cluster stellar mass functions show marginal M* evolution at high z and a factor of 2.5 growth in stellar mass fraction from z=0.8 to 0.2 after accounting for halo mass growth.
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The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function and star formation rates in the COLIBRE simulations from redshift 17 to 0
COLIBRE simulations match observed galaxy stellar mass functions, star formation rates, and quenched fractions from z=17 to z=0, including JWST massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift.
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Far-infrared observations of dust in Ly$\alpha$ emitters at z=2-6
Far-IR stacking of ~4000 LAEs at z=2-6 yields detections in massive AGN hosts with low f_esc(Lyα) (1-7%) and higher values (>10%) in undetected stacks, plus elevated IRX relative to typical star-forming galaxies.
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Caught in the act: interaction-driven evolution in the nearby compact galaxy group Roberts Quartet (SCG0018-4854)
Multiwavelength study of Roberts Quartet finds it is a dynamically young compact group with ongoing interactions driving galaxy evolution on timescales of <=500 Myr.
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SN 2023rve: A Type II Supernova with No Nebular Oxygen
SN 2023rve exhibits absent [O I] nebular lines with inferred 14-18 solar mass progenitor, 0.27e51 erg explosion energy, and 0.0064 solar mass nickel, possibly indicating partial fallback.
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SPICE: Scintillation Pipeline for Interferometric Candidate Extraction
SPICE is an automated pipeline that recovers known pulsars in GMRT data by detecting scintillation signatures in interferometric visibilities.
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Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. II. Young Clusters in NGC 1313
Spectroscopic fitting of 11 clusters in NGC 1313 yields top-light IMFs (flatter than Salpeter/Kroupa for >0.8 Msun) that correlate with higher cluster mass.
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A Delayed Multi-channel Progenitor for Apparently Nonrepeating Fast Radio Bursts
CHIME/FRB Catalog data favor a mixture of delayed progenitor channels for apparently nonrepeating FRBs with effective mean delay 1.426 Gyr over pure star-formation-rate tracing.
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Blowing star formation away in AGN hosts (BAH) -- V: The Feeding-Feedback Cycle in local AGNs as revealed by their stellar populations
Stellar population synthesis of three AGN hosts shows recent rejuvenation and central metallicity drops consistent with gas inflows fueling both star formation and AGN activity.
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Signature of Bursty Star Formation in the High-Redshift Galaxies Detected with JWST
Shorter star formation timescales in a semi-analytical UV LF model explain the slow evolution observed by JWST at z>10 without requiring changes in star formation efficiency.
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COOL-LAMPS IX: A Rare Duo of Quasars Each Lensed by a Single Massive Galaxy Cluster
A single galaxy cluster lenses two quasars (one Type I at z=1.524, one dust-obscured Type II at z=1.939) into four images each, yielding a projected mass of ~3.3e14 solar masses within 500 kpc and time delays of hundreds to over 1000 days.
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Type Ib supernovae are bluer than Type Ic supernovae
Type Ib supernovae are systematically bluer at optical peak than Type Ic supernovae, suggesting their progenitors contain more helium.
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Self-regulated galaxy evolution within a self-consistently varying galaxy-wide IMF
A metallicity- and SFR-dependent galaxy-wide IMF in semi-analytical models reproduces the mass-metallicity relation and quenched ellipticals more accurately than constant-IMF models, with self-regulation set by gas accretion rates near the Hubble constant.
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The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. V. H$\alpha$ luminosity functions at $z\sim1.3$ and $z\sim2.0$
Hα luminosity functions at z~1.3 and z~2.0 yield faint-end slopes of -1.50 and -1.60, with integrated SFR densities of 0.097 and 0.129 M⊙ yr⁻¹ Mpc⁻³ from a sample of 99 emitters.
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The impact of new ($\alpha$, n) reaction rates on the weak s-process in metal-poor massive stars
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Indicatives of Early Stages of Star Formation in the Universe
Metallicity peaks in globular clusters and circumgalactic clouds match across cosmic time and are reproduced by forming 3 million solar mass clusters during four enrichment stages of 10^8 solar mass clouds.
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Interpreting Galaxy Physical Properties Using Stellar Population Synthesis
MAGPHYS SED fits on nine bands (FUV–NUV–grz–W1–W4) recover stellar mass and SFR reliably provided at least six bands are detected.