An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
Pith reviewed 2026-05-11 23:09 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
PYTHIA 8.2 now provides a complete replacement for most high-energy collision simulations.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
PYTHIA 8.2 contains a coherent set of physics models for high-energy collisions, including a library of hard processes, initial- and final-state parton showers, matching and merging methods, multiparton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation, particle decays, utilities, and interfaces to external programs. This release has reached sufficient maturity to serve as a complete replacement for most applications, notably LHC physics studies, with the many new features allowing for an improved description of data.
What carries the argument
The PYTHIA event generator program, which assembles models for the evolution from a few-body hard process to a complex multiparticle final state.
If this is right
- Users can employ PYTHIA 8.2 for more accurate LHC event generation with updated matching and merging methods.
- The C++ structure supports better integration with modern computing tools and external programs.
- New features in parton showers and fragmentation should lead to closer matches with observed particle distributions.
- Researchers can rely on this version for comprehensive simulations without needing the old Fortran code.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- Adoption of PYTHIA 8.2 could standardize simulation practices across LHC analyses and reduce discrepancies between different tools.
- Future extensions might incorporate new physics models more easily due to the modular C++ design.
- Improved data description could help in identifying subtle signals of beyond-standard-model physics.
- Performance gains from the rewrite may allow larger-scale simulation campaigns for theoretical studies.
Load-bearing premise
The implemented physics models for parton showers, multiparton interactions, and string fragmentation continue to describe real collision data accurately enough when parameters are tuned to existing measurements.
What would settle it
Persistent mismatches between PYTHIA 8.2 predictions and new experimental data from the LHC in untuned kinematic regions that cannot be fixed by adjusting model parameters.
read the original abstract
The PYTHIA program is a standard tool for the generation of events in high-energy collisions, comprising a coherent set of physics models for the evolution from a few-body hard process to a complex multiparticle final state. It contains a library of hard processes, models for initial- and final-state parton showers, matching and merging methods between hard processes and parton showers, multiparton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation and particle decays. It also has a set of utilities and several interfaces to external programs. PYTHIA 8.2 is the second main release after the complete rewrite from Fortran to C++, and now has reached such a maturity that it offers a complete replacement for most applications, notably for LHC physics studies. The many new features should allow an improved description of data.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript introduces PYTHIA 8.2, the second major release of the C++ rewrite of the PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generator. It describes the program's modular architecture and coherent set of physics models for high-energy collisions, covering hard processes, initial- and final-state parton showers, matching and merging methods, multiparton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation, particle decays, utilities, and external interfaces. The central claim is that the code has now reached sufficient maturity to serve as a complete replacement for most applications, particularly LHC physics studies, with the new features enabling an improved description of data.
Significance. If the implemented models continue to perform reliably when tuned, the paper is significant as a reference document for a standard tool in high-energy physics phenomenology. It documents the transition to a fully C++ implementation with enhanced modularity, which facilitates extensions and interfaces relevant to LHC analyses and beyond.
major comments (1)
- [Abstract and §1] Abstract and §1: the claim that PYTHIA 8.2 'now has reached such a maturity that it offers a complete replacement for most applications, notably for LHC physics studies' is not supported by any new validation studies, quantitative benchmarks, or data comparisons within the manuscript itself; the text is purely descriptive and defers all performance assessment to separately cited works.
minor comments (2)
- The manuscript would benefit from a concise table in the introduction or a dedicated section that explicitly lists the major new features in 8.2 relative to 8.1, with pointers to the relevant subsections.
- Notation for tunable parameters (e.g., those controlling parton showers and MPI) is introduced inline but would be clearer if collected in a single summary table with default values and brief descriptions.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the positive recommendation to accept the manuscript. We address the major comment below.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: [Abstract and §1] Abstract and §1: the claim that PYTHIA 8.2 'now has reached such a maturity that it offers a complete replacement for most applications, notably for LHC physics studies' is not supported by any new validation studies, quantitative benchmarks, or data comparisons within the manuscript itself; the text is purely descriptive and defers all performance assessment to separately cited works.
Authors: We agree that the manuscript is descriptive and contains no new validation studies or data comparisons, as this is an 'Introduction' paper documenting the program architecture, features, and interfaces rather than a physics analysis. The maturity statement reflects the completion of the C++ rewrite (with all core models now implemented) and the program's readiness for LHC applications, as evidenced by the comprehensive feature set described in the text and by the many cited references to prior tuning, validation, and data comparisons. We do not view this as requiring a change to the manuscript. revision: no
Circularity Check
No significant circularity
full rationale
The document is a descriptive software manual and release note for PYTHIA 8.2. It enumerates implemented models (parton showers, MPI, string fragmentation, etc.) and features without presenting derivations, first-principles predictions, or new fitted quantities. The maturity claim rests on the completeness of the listed capabilities rather than any equation or result that reduces to its own inputs by construction. No load-bearing self-citations, ansatzes, or uniqueness theorems appear; external model parameters are referenced to prior literature in the standard manner for documentation.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
Forward citations
Cited by 60 Pith papers
-
Observation of a $B_c^{*+}$ meson with the ATLAS detector
First observation of the B_c^{*+} meson with mass difference 64.5 MeV from the ground-state B_c^+ at >8 sigma significance using ATLAS data.
-
Search for single vector-like quark production in opposite-sign dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
-
Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
-
Probing Boosted Light Scalars in the Type-I 2HDM
Boosted light scalars decaying to b b-bar in Type-I 2HDM can be tagged as double-b fat-jets and used with SM gauge bosons to probe heavy scalars up to 540 GeV at the HL-LHC for masses 30-70 GeV.
-
Physics inspired quantum algorithm for QCD splitting functions
A modular two-qubit quantum circuit is constructed to encode the concurrence of helicity entanglement in pure-gluon splitting, with parameters calibrated to LHC jet data so that composed circuits reproduce experimenta...
-
Physics inspired quantum algorithm for QCD splitting functions
A modular two-qubit quantum circuit primitive is built to reproduce QCD gluon-splitting entanglement via concurrence, with parameters fitted to LHC data and validated on hardware for three-prong jets.
-
Differential measurements of $\gamma\gamma\to\tau\tau$ and constraints on $\tau$-lepton electromagnetic moments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
-
Search for Long-Lived Dark Photons from Dark Radiation at the LHC
Dark radiation from dark matter produced in Z decays generates long-lived dark photons that dominate over meson decays and bremsstrahlung for small kinetic mixing and masses above the GeV scale, allowing FASER2, FACET...
-
Quantum-Inspired Tensor Network Autoencoders for Anomaly Detection: A MERA-Based Approach
A MERA-based autoencoder supplies a locality-aware hierarchical inductive bias that improves reconstruction-based anomaly detection for collider jets, with disentanglers providing benefit at strong compression bottlenecks.
-
Measure charge transport in high-energy nuclear collisions with an energy scan of isobaric collisions
An energy scan of isobaric collisions provides a double-ratio method to measure electric charge transport rapidity dependence, with simulations showing exponential decrease and model-dependent slopes distinct from bar...
-
Evidence of ZZ$\gamma$ production and observation of $4\ell\gamma$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
-
Many Wrongs Make a Right: Leveraging Biased Simulations Towards Unbiased Parameter Inference
Template-Adapted Mixture Model uses many biased simulations for data-driven estimates of signal and background distributions, yielding unbiased signal fraction estimates with well-calibrated uncertainties.
-
Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS observes an excess over 8 sigma in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD color-singlet S-wave quasi-bound states, with measured cross-section 9.3^{+1.4}_{-1.3} pb.
-
Jet fragmentation function and groomed substructure of bottom quark jets in proton-proton collisions at 5.02 TeV
CMS measures soft-drop groomed radius and momentum balance plus a charged fragmentation function for b jets, observing dead-cone suppression compared to inclusive jets.
-
Searching for a Charged Higgs Boson in Top-Quark Decays via the $WZ$ Mode
Recasting ttZ analyses yields sub-permille constraints on Br(t→H±b)×Br(H±→WZ) and vΔ≲2 GeV in the Y=0 Higgs triplet model, accompanied by a 2σ preference for a non-zero signal.
-
Stay Positive: Neural Refinement of Sample Weights
Neural refinement of Monte Carlo sample weights via phase-space scaling and a new resampling protocol that maintains averages and uncertainties.
-
Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
-
A flow-matching generative model for event-by-event jet-induced hydro response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
A flow-matching generative model trained on CoLBT-hydro data conditionally generates marginal final-state hadron spectra from jet-induced hydro responses in 0-10% Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, matching training data s...
-
DNN predictions for pp reference $p_\mathrm{T}$ spectra at unmeasured $\sqrt{s}$
A deep neural network interpolates and extrapolates proton-proton reference transverse-momentum spectra to unmeasured center-of-mass energies using ALICE LHC data.
-
Composite top partners in exotic colour representations
Colour-sextet top partners in composite Higgs models are excluded up to 2-2.5 TeV by current LHC data via top-rich decays, with HL-LHC reach near 3 TeV.
-
How Invisible: Regressing The Key Model Parameter for Semi-visible Jet Searches
A regression model reconstructs the key parameter r_inv for semi-visible jets at higher precision than prior analytical methods and may unify s- and t-channel production searches.
-
Low-Multiplicity Jets as Probes of GeV-Scale Light-Quark-Coupled Particles
A proposed LHC search using low-multiplicity jets plus a photon can extend sensitivity to GeV-scale particles that couple to light quarks.
-
SemiCharmTag: a tool for Semileptonic Charm tagging
SemiCharmTag achieves a factor of ~4 signal-over-background improvement at 81% efficiency for Drell-Yan muons using secondary-vertex hadron tagging in LHCb proton-proton collision simulations.
-
Probing Higgs and Top Interactions through the Muon Lens at multi-TeV Muon Colliders
A 10 TeV muon collider could improve existing bounds on muon-Higgs-gauge and muon-top interactions by up to an order of magnitude over current limits and FCC-ee projections.
-
Monte Carlo Event Generation with Continuous Normalizing Flows
Continuous normalizing flows improve unweighting efficiency in Monte Carlo event generation for high-jet-multiplicity collider processes by factors up to 184, with wall-time gains of about ten when combined with coupl...
-
Non-Thermal Production of Sexaquark Dark Matter
Non-thermal production via late-decaying reheatons can achieve the observed dark matter density for sexaquarks by controlling branching fractions and coalescence probabilities, unlike thermal freeze-out which underpro...
-
Precision Measurements of Higgs Hadronic Decay Modes at the FCC-ee
FCC-ee projections show percent to per-mil precision on Higgs hadronic decay rates including first sensitivity to the rare H to strange-strange mode.
-
Measurement of the top-quark mass using decays with a $J/\psi$ meson at $\sqrt{s}=$13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Top quark mass measured at 172.17 ± 1.56 GeV via unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to m(ℓ μ⁺μ⁻) in ATLAS Run 2 data using J/ψ decays.
-
Search for dijet resonances with data scouting in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Search for narrow dijet resonances in the 0.6-1.8 TeV mass range with data scouting in 117 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV data finds no significant signal and sets model-independent upper limits on various resonance types and dark...
-
The Muonic Portal to Vector Dark Matter:connecting precision muon physics, cosmology, and colliders
A new model with SU(2)_D symmetry and vector-like muons mediates vector dark matter, simultaneously addressing relic abundance and muon g-2 while identifying an off-resonance suppression mechanism for light DM and der...
-
Observation of $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
-
Search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a high-energy photon via vector-boson fusion and decaying to a pair of $b$-quarks in the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports a new measurement of the Higgs signal strength in the VBF plus photon channel with H to bb decay, obtaining 0.2 ± 0.7 using an improved neural-network-based analysis on 133 fb^{-1} of data.
-
Hits to Higgs: Hit-Level Higgs Classification from Raw LHC Detector Data Using Higgsformer
Higgsformer achieves AUC 0.855 on t tbar H vs t tbar classification from raw hits, matching a Delphes-based Particle Transformer at ~40% b-tagging efficiency.
-
Search for the lepton-flavor-violating $\tau^{-} \rightarrow e^{\mp} \ell^{\pm} \ell^{\mp}$ decays at Belle II
Belle II sets upper limits between 1.3 and 2.5 times 10 to the minus 8 on branching fractions for four tau to e l l decay modes at 90 percent confidence level, the most stringent to date for four modes.
-
Electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Electroweak diboson plus high-mass dijet production observed at 7.4 sigma with signal strength 1.28, plus first semileptonic-channel limits on S02, T0 and M0 Wilson coefficients.
-
Bring the noise: exact inference from noisy simulations in collider physics
Introduces pseudo-marginal MCMC with unbiased Poisson likelihood estimator for exact inference despite noisy collider Monte Carlo simulations.
-
First evidence for mixing-induced $CP$ violation in B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ J/$\psi\,\phi$(1020) decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
First evidence for non-zero φ_s in B_s^0 → J/ψ φ decays at 3.2σ from CMS 13 TeV data combined with prior 8 TeV result.
-
Pretrained Event Classification Model for High Energy Physics Analysis
A GNN pretrained on 120M simulated HEP events generalizes to unseen processes and ATLAS data; fine-tuning boosts accuracy especially with small datasets, with CKA showing preserved encoders but altered intermediate layers.
-
Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
-
Search for pair production of additional neutral scalars within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV
No significant excess found; new exclusion limits reach m_H = 108 GeV for m_H - m_A = 78 GeV in the Inert Doublet Model.
-
LHC Mono-$W/Z$ Signatures as a Probe for Dark Matter Explanations of Astrophysical Excesses
LHC mono-W/Z searches with a new channel-separation method can exclude large ranges of neutral and charged mass splittings in the 70-75 GeV IDM dark matter scenario that fits astrophysical excesses.
-
Medium Characterization with Hard Probes: From Cherenkov Light in QED to Jet Drift in QCD
The work presents a dispersive fit for the refractive index of liquid argon incorporating anomalous dispersion and proposes jet drift in simulations of heavy-ion collisions as a way to disentangle medium properties fr...
-
Can LLP detectors probe the reheating temperature? A case study of vector dark matter
In a vector dark matter extension of the Higgs portal, far detectors at colliders can probe otherwise inaccessible parameter space and set novel bounds on the reheating temperature.
-
Effective field theory interpretation of ATLAS measurements involving the Higgs boson, electroweak bosons and the top quark
A simultaneous fit to multiple ATLAS datasets constrains 48 SMEFT Wilson coefficients and matches subsets to 2HDM and heavy-vector models, finding consistency with the Standard Model.
-
Sequential Y(nS) suppression in high-multiplicity pp collisions: the experimental case for an early, globally correlated medium
Multi-differential tests on Υ(nS) and ψ(2S)/J/ψ suppression in high-multiplicity pp collisions rule out standard hadronic and string models in favor of an early globally correlated partonic medium.
-
Bayesian inference constraints on jet quenching across centrality, beam energy, and observable classes in LHC heavy-ion collisions
Bayesian posteriors from JETSCAPE jet-quenching model are largely compatible across centrality but exhibit shifts across beam energy and observable class, with varying ability to predict complementary datasets.
-
Probabilistic modeling of Cherenkov emission from particle showers
Probabilistic distributions are built for Cherenkov emission parameters from particle showers to model fluctuations in amplitude and shape along the shower axis for neutrino telescope simulations.
-
Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility
Proposes construction of the Forward Physics Facility at the HL-LHC with four complementary detectors to exploit forward neutrinos and new-particle fluxes for neutrino, QCD, astroparticle, and dark-matter measurements.
-
Measurement of the dineutrino system kinematic variables in dileptonic top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at$\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Differential cross sections for ttbar production in e+e-, mu+mu-, and e mu channels measured versus dineutrino pT and azimuthal separation using 138 fb-1 of 13 TeV CMS data, unfolded to particle level with unregulariz...
-
CP violation in $K\to\mu^+\mu^-$ with and without time dependence through a tagged analysis
Combined time-integrated CP asymmetry A_CP and B(K_S to mu mu) measurements, using known B(K_L to mu mu) and B(K_L to gamma gamma), extract the short-distance amplitude |A^2 lambda^5 eta-bar| and resolve the discrete ...
-
High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment
CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 data, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
-
Optimizing The Cut And Count Method In Phenomenological Studies
An iterative ranking-based optimization of cut-and-count using MadAnalysis5 enhances signal-background separation and discovery reach for singly charged Higgs in the Two Higgs Doublet Model.
-
Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources as Targets for Indirect Dark Matter Detection with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope
Filtering unidentified Fermi sources and comparing to repopulated VL-II simulations yields upper limits of 4e-26 cm3/s (10 GeV) and 5e-25 cm3/s (100 GeV) on tau-pair annihilation.
-
Deep Neural Networks for Heavy Lepton-Flavor-Violating Higgs Searches at the LHC
DNN classifiers with mass-dependent thresholds reduce expected 95% CL upper limits on H to mu tau cross sections by 36-46% versus collinear mass baseline, while a regression network improves mass resolution by up to 21%.
-
Sensitivity of the FCC-ee to axion-like particles at different center-of-mass energies
FCC-ee can reach ALP-photon couplings of a few 10^{-6} GeV^{-1} at the Z pole and 10^{-5} GeV^{-1} at higher runs for masses 5-320 GeV in the associated production plus diphoton decay channel.
-
Search for the nonresonant production of a pair of additional Higgs bosons in the Type-X two-Higgs-doublet model in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for additional Higgs boson pairs in Type-X 2HDM; new limits exclude the model for explaining the muon anomalous magnetic moment anomaly.
-
Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Updated constraints from the full Run 2 dataset show no evidence for anomalous Higgs couplings in gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production modes decaying to two photons.
-
Search for charginos and neutralinos with $B-L$ $R$-parity violating decays in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and $13.6$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
No evidence for charginos and neutralinos in R-parity violating Higgs-decay channels; masses 150-1100 GeV excluded at 95% CL assuming equal lepton branching fractions.
-
Distinguishing Higgs portal and neutralino dark matter via vector boson fusion
Vector boson fusion processes at the LHC distinguish Higgs portal dark matter from neutralino dark matter at over 5 sigma using jet kinematics and a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with linear discriminant analysis.
-
Phenomenology of electroweak spin-1 resonances
Composite Higgs models with SU(2)_L × SU(2)_R predict spin-1 resonances mixing with electroweak bosons that remain viable at the LHC down to masses of about 1.5 TeV.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
- [1]
- [2]
- [3]
-
[4]
T. Sj¨ ostrand and M. Bengtsson, Comput. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 367
work page 1987
-
[5]
H. U. Bengtsson, Comput. Phys. Commun. 31 (1984) 323
work page 1984
-
[6]
H. U. Bengtsson and G. Ingelman, Comput. Phys. Commun. 34 (1985) 251
work page 1985
-
[7]
H. U. Bengtsson and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Comput. Phys. Commun. 46 (1987) 43
work page 1987
- [8]
-
[9]
T. Sj¨ ostrand, P. Ed´ en, C. Friberg, L. L¨ onnblad, G. Miu, S. Mrenna and E. Norbin, Comput. Phys. Commun. 135 (2001) 238 [hep-ph/0010017]
-
[10]
T. Sj¨ ostrand, S. Mrenna and P. Z. Skands, JHEP 0605 (2006) 026 [hep-ph/0603175]
work page Pith review arXiv 2006
-
[11]
A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1
T. Sj¨ ostrand, S. Mrenna and P. Z. Skands, Comput. Phys. C ommun. 178 (2008) 852 [arXiv:0710.3820 [hep-ph]]
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2008
-
[12]
E. Boos, M. Dobbs, W. Giele, I. Hinchliffe, J. Huston, V. Ilyin, J. K anzaki and K. Kato et al. , hep-ph/0109068
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv
- [13]
- [15]
-
[16]
Tuning PYTHIA 8.1: the Monash 2013 Tune
P. Skands, S. Carrazza and J. Rojo, arXiv:1404.5630 [hep-ph]
- [17]
-
[18]
N. Desai and P. Z. Skands, Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2238 [arXiv:1109.5852 [hep-ph]]
-
[19]
M. Fairbairn, A. C. Kraan, D. A. Milstead, T. Sj¨ ostrand, P. Z. Skands and T. Sloan, Phys. Rept. 438 (2007) 1 [hep-ph/0611040]
-
[20]
Visible Effects of Invisible Hidden Valley Radiation
L. Carloni and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1009 (2010) 105 [arXiv:1006.2911 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2010
-
[21]
Discerning Secluded Sector gauge structures
L. Carloni, J. Rathsman and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1104 (2011) 091 [arXiv:1102.3795 [hep-ph]]. 40
work page Pith review arXiv 2011
- [22]
- [23]
- [24]
-
[25]
J. Alwall, M. Herquet, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer and T. Stelzer, JH EP 1106 (2011) 128 [arXiv:1106.0522 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2011
-
[26]
A. Donnachie and P. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B296 (1992) 227 [hep-ph/9209205]
work page Pith review arXiv 1992
-
[27]
G. A. Schuler and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Nucl. Phys. B407 (1993) 539
work page 1993
- [28]
-
[29]
R. Ciesielski and K. Goulianos, PoS ICHEP2012 (2013) 301, [arXiv:1205.1446]
-
[30]
G. A. Schuler and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2257
work page 1994
-
[31]
TOTEM Collaboration, G. Antchev et al. , Europhys. Lett. 101 (2013) 21004
work page 2013
-
[32]
TOTEM Collaboration, G. Antchev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013), no. 1, 012001
work page 2013
- [33]
- [34]
-
[35]
A. Donnachie and P. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B727 (2013) 500–505, [arXiv:1309.1292]
- [36]
- [37]
- [38]
-
[39]
T. Kasemets and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Eur. Phys. J. C 69 (2010) 19 [arXiv:1007.0897 [hep- ph]]
-
[40]
Transverse-Momentum-Ordered Showers and Interleaved Multiple Interactions
T. Sj¨ ostrand and P. Z. Skands, Eur. Phys. J. C 39 (2005) 129 [hep-ph/0408302]
work page Pith review arXiv 2005
-
[41]
J. R. Christiansen and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1404 (2014) 115 [arXiv:1401.5238 [hep- ph], arXiv:1401.5238]
work page Pith review arXiv 2014
-
[42]
Interleaved Parton Showers and Tuning Prospects
R. Corke and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1103 (2011) 032 [arXiv:1011.1759 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2011
-
[43]
V. N. Gribov and L. N. Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 15 (1972) 438 [Yad. Fiz. 15 (1972) 781]
work page 1972
- [44]
-
[45]
Y. L. Dokshitzer, Sov. Phys. JETP 46 (1977) 641 [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73 (1977) 1216]
work page 1977
-
[46]
QCD Radiation off Heavy Particles
E. Norrbin and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Nucl. Phys. B 603 (2001) 297 [hep-ph/0010012]
work page Pith review arXiv 2001
- [47]
- [48]
-
[49]
J. Beringer et al. [Particle Data Group Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 010001
work page 2012
- [50]
-
[51]
L. Hartgring, E. Laenen and P. Skands, JHEP 1310 (2013) 127 [arXiv:1303.4974 [hep-ph]]
- [52]
-
[53]
Improved Parton Showers at Large Transverse Momenta
R. Corke and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Eur. Phys. J. C 69 (2010) 1 [arXiv:1003.2384 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2010
- [54]
-
[55]
Multiple Interactions and the Structure of Beam Remnants
T. Sj¨ ostrand and P. Z. Skands, JHEP 0403 (2004) 053 [hep-ph/0402078]
work page Pith review arXiv 2004
-
[56]
R. Corke and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1001 (2010) 035 [arXiv:0911.1909 [hep-ph]]
-
[57]
R. Corke and T. Sj¨ ostrand, JHEP 1105 (2011) 009 [arXiv:1101.5953 [hep-ph]]
-
[58]
J. R. Christiansen and P. Z. Skands, in preparation
-
[59]
Effects of color reconnection on $t\bar{t}$ final states at the LHC
S. Argyropoulos and T. Sj¨ ostrand, arXiv:1407.6653 [hep-ph], accepted for publication in JHEP
-
[60]
P. Z. Skands and D. Wicke, Eur. Phys. J. C 52 (2007) 133 [hep-ph/0703081 [HEP- PH]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2007
-
[61]
On Colour Rearrangement in Hadronic W$^+$W$^-$ Events
T. Sj¨ ostrand and V. A. Khoze, Z. Phys. C 62 (1994) 281 [hep-ph/9310242]
work page Pith review arXiv 1994
-
[62]
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman and T. Sj¨ ostrand , Phys. Rept. 97 (1983) 31
work page 1983
- [63]
-
[64]
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Phys. Scrip ta 32 (1985) 574
work page 1985
-
[65]
Baryon Number Violation and String Topologies
T. Sj¨ ostrand and P. Z. Skands, Nucl. Phys. B 659 (2003) 243 [hep-ph/0212264]
work page Pith review arXiv 2003
- [66]
- [67]
- [68]
-
[69]
Modelling Bose-Einstein correlations at LEP 2
L. L¨ onnblad and T. Sj¨ ostrand, Eur. Phys. J. C 2 (1998) 165 [hep-ph/9711460]
work page Pith review arXiv 1998
-
[70]
General-purpose event generators for LHC physics
A. Buckley, J. Butterworth, S. Gieseke, D. Grellscheid, S. Hoc he, H. Hoeth, F. Krauss and L. L¨ onnbladet al. , Phys. Rept. 504 (2011) 145 [arXiv:1101.2599 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2011
-
[71]
A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms
P. Nason, JHEP 0411 (2004) 040 [hep-ph/0409146]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2004
-
[72]
Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method
S. Frixione, P. Nason and C. Oleari, JHEP 0711 (2007) 070 [arXiv:0709.2092 [hep- ph]]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2007
-
[73]
Matching NLO QCD computations and parton shower simulations
S. Frixione and B. R. Webber, JHEP 0206 (2002) 029 [hep-ph/0204244]
work page Pith review arXiv 2002
-
[74]
Dipole Showers and Automated NLO Matching in Herwig++
S. Platzer and S. Gieseke, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2187 (2012) [arXiv:1109.6256 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2012
-
[75]
A critical appraisal of NLO+PS matching methods
S. Hoeche, F. Krauss, M. Schonherr and F. Siegert, JHEP 1209, 049 (2012) [arXiv:1111.1220 [hep-ph]]
work page Pith review arXiv 2012
-
[76]
J. Alwall, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, V. Hirschi, F. Maltoni, O. Matte laer, H. -S. Shao and T. Stelzer et al. , JHEP 1407 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301 [hep-ph]]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
-
[77]
L. L¨ onnblad, JHEP 0205 (2002) 046 [hep-ph/0112284]
-
[78]
L. L¨ onnblad and S. Prestel, JHEP 1203 (2012) 019 [arXiv:1109.4829 [hep-ph]]
-
[79]
M. L. Mangano, M. Moretti, F. Piccinini and M. Treccani, JHEP 0701 (2007) 013 [hep-ph/0611129]
work page Pith review arXiv 2007
-
[80]
L. L¨ onnblad and S. Prestel, JHEP 1302 (2013) 094 [arXiv:1211.4827 [hep-ph]]
-
[81]
L. L¨ onnblad and S. Prestel, JHEP 1303 (2013) 166 [arXiv:1211.7278 [hep-ph]]
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.