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Thinking with Generated Images

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arxiv 2505.22525 v1 pith:PKWXCOSB submitted 2025-05-28 cs.CV cs.AIcs.CL

Thinking with Generated Images

classification cs.CV cs.AIcs.CL
keywords visualmodelsreasoningthinkinggeneratedgenerationimagesvision
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We present Thinking with Generated Images, a novel paradigm that fundamentally transforms how large multimodal models (LMMs) engage with visual reasoning by enabling them to natively think across text and vision modalities through spontaneous generation of intermediate visual thinking steps. Current visual reasoning with LMMs is constrained to either processing fixed user-provided images or reasoning solely through text-based chain-of-thought (CoT). Thinking with Generated Images unlocks a new dimension of cognitive capability where models can actively construct intermediate visual thoughts, critique their own visual hypotheses, and refine them as integral components of their reasoning process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through two complementary mechanisms: (1) vision generation with intermediate visual subgoals, where models decompose complex visual tasks into manageable components that are generated and integrated progressively, and (2) vision generation with self-critique, where models generate an initial visual hypothesis, analyze its shortcomings through textual reasoning, and produce refined outputs based on their own critiques. Our experiments on vision generation benchmarks show substantial improvements over baseline approaches, with our models achieving up to 50% (from 38% to 57%) relative improvement in handling complex multi-object scenarios. From biochemists exploring novel protein structures, and architects iterating on spatial designs, to forensic analysts reconstructing crime scenes, and basketball players envisioning strategic plays, our approach enables AI models to engage in the kind of visual imagination and iterative refinement that characterizes human creative, analytical, and strategic thinking. We release our open-source suite at https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/thinking-with-generated-images.

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Cited by 27 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Bridging Interleaved Multi-Modal Reasoning as a Unified Decision Process

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    BRAID jointly optimizes text and image generation in interleaved multi-modal reasoning by casting the full trajectory as a unified MDP with shared advantages and a VLM process reward.

  2. DeepLatent: Think with Images via Parallel Latent Visual Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DeepLatent introduces a parallel latent visual reasoning framework with learnable 2D tokens and continuous RL, trained via distillation then RL, plus a new 180K dataset, claiming SOTA benchmark results.

  3. Demystifying Video Reasoning

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    Video diffusion models perform reasoning primarily along denoising steps via multi-path exploration and convergence (Chain-of-Steps), not sequential frames, with emergent memory, self-correction, and layer specialization.

  4. Omni-R1: Towards the Unified Generative Paradigm for Multimodal Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Omni-R1 unifies multimodal reasoning by generating intermediate images during the process in a SFT-plus-RL framework, with an Omni-R1-Zero variant that matches or exceeds it using only text data.

  5. FaithEyes: Towards Faithful Tool Use via Multi-Agent Process-Image Verification

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A self-judging multi-agent VLM injects process-image helpfulness verdicts into tool observations and scales tool rewards by the helpful-call ratio, improving accuracy and tool faithfulness.

  6. OPLD: On-Policy Latent Distillation for Multimodal Reasoning

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    On-policy distillation of a CoT-privileged teacher’s token preferences and latent trajectories yields a CoT-free student that beats prior visual-latent methods on several multimodal benchmarks.

  7. BVS: Bayesian Visual Search with Multimodal Large Language Model for Fine-grained Perception

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    BVS combines early-stop attention rollout priors with a scale-aware non-stationary kernel and GP-UCB to locate tiny objects in UHR images more accurately and with fewer MLLM queries than prior visual-search methods.

  8. Universal Image Restoration via Internalized Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CoTIR fine-tunes a pre-trained image editing model using a differentiable CoT-style objective inspired by Lagrangian optimization to enable single-pass universal image restoration, supported by a new 5.2M-sample bench...

  9. Bridging Modal Isolation in Interleaved Thinking: Supervising Modality Transitions via Stepwise Reinforcement

    cs.CV 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    Supervising text–image handoffs with Reflective SFT and Flow-GRPO (MoTiF) reduces modal isolation and raises accuracy on four visual puzzle benchmarks versus end-task-only training.

  10. Bridging Modal Isolation in Interleaved Thinking: Supervising Modality Transitions via Stepwise Reinforcement

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MoTiF is a two-stage framework that optimizes modality transition fidelity in interleaved multimodal models via Reflective SFT and Flow-GRPO, yielding gains on visual puzzle benchmarks.

  11. Self-Consistent Latent Reasoning: Long Latent Sequence Reasoning for Vision-Language Model

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SCOLAR addresses information gain collapse in latent visual reasoning by generating independent auxiliary visual tokens from LLM hidden states, extending acceptable CoT length over 30x and achieving +14.12% gains on b...

  12. Self-Consistent Latent Reasoning: Long Latent Sequence Reasoning for Vision-Language Model

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SCOLAR fixes information gain collapse in latent visual reasoning by generating independent auxiliary visual tokens via a detransformer, extending acceptable CoT length over 30x and delivering +14.12% gains on reasoni...

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    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Visual replay module and adaptive depth scaling improve multimodal latent reasoning, reaching SOTA benchmarks with faster inference than explicit chain-of-thought methods.

  14. Demystifying Video Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Video diffusion models reason along the denoising trajectory (Chain-of-Steps), not primarily across frames, and this mechanism can be nudged by ensembling latent trajectories.

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    A 21,994-case chest X-ray dataset with interleaved regional text and image crops helps LVLMs generate more clinically accurate reports than text-only chain-of-thought.

  16. Thinking with Drafting: Optical Decompression via Logical Reconstruction

    cs.CL 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Thinking with Drafting reconceptualizes visual reasoning as optical decompression by forcing models to draft mental models into executable DSL code for deterministic self-verification on the VisAlg benchmark.

  17. MentisOculi: Revealing the Limits of Reasoning with Mental Imagery

    cs.AI 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    Visual thoughts — latent tokens, interleaved images, or video rollouts — do not currently improve multi-step reasoning over text-only baselines in frontier models.

  18. Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinking

    cs.CV 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Mull-Tokens are modality-agnostic latent tokens that enable free-form multimodal thinking and deliver up to 16% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks.

  19. IRG-MotionLLM: Interleaving Motion Generation, Assessment and Refinement for Text-to-Motion Generation

    cs.CV 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Interleaving motion generation with text-motion assessment and refinement improves alignment between generated human motion and goal text.

  20. Einstein World Models

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Einstein World Models integrate visual rollouts from a callable world-module into LLM reasoning traces to support complex thought beyond language.

  21. V-Zero: Answer-Label-Free On-Policy Distillation with Contrastive Evidence Gating for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    V-Zero trains MLLMs for visual reasoning without answer labels by gating on-policy distillation trajectories using contrastive evidence from relevant versus negative image crops.

  22. Robust-U1: Can MLLMs Self-Recover Corrupted Visual Content for Robust Understanding?

    cs.CV 2026-06 conditional novelty 5.0

    Robust-U1 equips MLLMs with self-recovery via supervised fine-tuning, RL using SSIM and CLIP rewards, and joint multimodal reasoning, yielding SOTA robustness on corruption benchmarks.

  23. Steering Visual Generation in Unified Multimodal Models with Understanding Supervision

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Using understanding tasks as direct supervision during post-training improves image generation and editing in unified multimodal models.

  24. Visual Enhanced Depth Scaling for Multimodal Latent Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A visual replay module combined with adaptive depth scaling improves multimodal latent reasoning, delivering state-of-the-art benchmark results and faster inference than explicit chain-of-thought methods.

  25. Visual Enhanced Depth Scaling for Multimodal Latent Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Visual replay and depth scaling in latent reasoning produce state-of-the-art multimodal results with faster inference than explicit CoT.

  26. UniDrive-WM: Unified Understanding, Planning and Generation World Model for Autonomous Driving

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  27. Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The paper unifies perspectives on Long CoT in reasoning LLMs by introducing a taxonomy, detailing characteristics of deep reasoning and reflection, and discussing emergence phenomena and future directions.