REVIEW 37 cited by
Improved belief propagation is sufficient for real-time decoding of quantum memory
Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.
SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event
T0 review · schema-true
One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.
pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp
Improved belief propagation is sufficient for real-time decoding of quantum memory
read the original abstract
We introduce a new heuristic decoder, Relay-BP, targeting real-time quantum circuit decoding for large-scale quantum computers. Relay-BP achieves high accuracy across circuit-noise decoding problems: significantly outperforming BP+OSD+CS-10 for bivariate-bicycle codes and comparable to min-weight-matching for surface codes. As a lightweight message-passing decoder, Relay-BP is inherently parallel, enabling rapid low-footprint decoding with FPGA or ASIC real-time implementations, similar to standard BP. A core aspect of our decoder is its enhancement of the standard BP algorithm by incorporating disordered memory strengths. This dampens oscillations and breaks symmetries that trap traditional BP algorithms. By dynamically adjusting memory strengths in a relay approach, Relay-BP can consecutively encounter multiple valid corrections to improve decoding accuracy. We observe that a problem-dependent distribution of memory strengths that includes negative values is indispensable for good performance.
Forward citations
Cited by 37 Pith papers
-
Vine Codes: Low-Overhead Quantum LDPC Codes on a Planar Square Grid
Vine codes generalize directional codes to open planar boundaries, delivering up to 28% fewer data/measure qubits at circuit distance 7 and better simulated performance than the surface code at 10^{-3} noise while usi...
-
Breaking the bicycle frame: Coset-based quantum LDPC codes
Coset-based generalization of 2BGA codes produces new quantum LDPC codes with parameters such as [[48,8,6]] and competitive noise thresholds under BP-OSD decoding.
-
Quantum error correction with the toric code
Neutral atom platform achieves repeated toric code syndrome extraction with qubit reloading, preserving logical information over 90 cycles and showing distance-dependent logical error suppression.
-
Syndrome Adaptive Gain Control for Min-Sum Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes
SAGMS decoder adapts Min-Sum scaling factor during decoding based on unsatisfied stabilizer fraction to match optimized scaled Min-Sum and approach BP performance for QLDPC codes at MS complexity.
-
Mitigating Classical Resource Costs in Quantum Error Correction via Generalized qLDPC Predecoding
An automated predecoder generator for arbitrary qLDPC codes cuts decoder utilization by up to 3963x and supports hardware scaling to tens or hundreds of thousands of logical qubits within power limits.
-
Scalable Neural Decoders for Practical Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Neural decoder for quantum LDPC codes achieves ~10^{-10} logical error at 0.1% physical error with 17x improvement and high throughput, enabling practical fault tolerance at modest code sizes.
-
Belief Propagation Convergence Prediction for Bivariate Bicycle Quantum Error Correction Codes
A single modulo check on syndrome defect count predicts whether belief propagation will converge when decoding bivariate bicycle quantum error correction codes.
-
Plaquette: A hardware-aware design platform for fault-tolerant quantum computers
Plaquette compiles realistic quantum hardware noise models into multiple sampler representations, showing that Pauli-twirled approximations can misestimate logical error rates by an order of magnitude compared to leak...
-
LUCI on IBM Hardware: Error Suppression with Almost Half Syndrome Density
Hardware experiment on IBM devices shows reset-free LUCI achieves logical X and Z error suppression ratios of 1.75(10) and 1.93(12), competitive with surface code despite halved syndrome density.
-
Fast and Parallel High-Rate STAR Architecture for Megaquop Quantum Simulation
A symmetry-co-designed high-rate QEC architecture with parallel STAR injection on bivariate bicycle codes achieves ~5.5x space savings for TFIM and Fermi-Hubbard simulations versus surface-code STAR.
-
Bunny Codes: Broadening Superconducting Quantum Error Correction Capability through Advanced Control Engineering
Bunny codes are qLDPC codes found via exhaustive search that achieve ~3x higher code rate than toric codes (periodic) and ~2x over rotated surface codes (open) when using CNOT+CXSWAP on nearest-neighbor connectivity, ...
-
Approximating optimal decoding of quantum LDPC codes with narrow frontiers
The Frontier decoder approximates optimal quantum LDPC decoding via narrow-frontier dynamic programming, achieving near-optimal thresholds for surface and color codes plus state-of-the-art circuit-level performance wi...
-
Impulse Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes: Equivalence of Degeneracy and Code-Shortening
Degeneracy in quantum LDPC codes equals classical code shortening at the decoder, enabling impulse decoding that beats BP+OSD plus a residual-error follow-up step.
-
Logical error estimation from syndrome data of surface-code experiments
Estimating DEM probabilities from experimental syndromes improves logical error rates by 5-10% in surface-code memory experiments on Google Willow and IBM ibm_miami without additional circuits or supervised fitting.
-
Barbell Codes: qLDPC Codes for Superconducting Quantum Hardware
Barbell codes are a family of qLDPC codes with a matching superconducting chip layout enabling constant hardware complexity, simulated to preserve logical information over trillions of QEC cycles at 10^{-4} physical n...
-
Full Extractors for Logical Processing in Hypergraph Product Codes
Full extractors for HGP codes are built to enable logical processing via PBC without compilation overhead, with sizes 50-80% of base codes and low error rates in simulations.
-
Towards Scalable Quaternary Message-Passing Decoding for Quantum Error Correction
Dilution method for quaternary Min-Sum decoder yields 16% apparent depolarizing threshold up to d=20, outperforms MWPM in finite regimes, and for X-noise beats BP-OSD at d=65 with O(N log² d) complexity.
-
Concatenating Algebraic Codes over High-Rate Quantum LDPC Codes
Concatenating quantum Reed-Solomon codes over the gross code via Galois qudits reaches teraquop regime at uniform 10^{-3} noise with reduced overhead.
-
Concatenating Algebraic Codes over High-Rate Quantum LDPC Codes
Concatenating quantum Reed-Solomon outer codes over the gross code using Galois qudits reaches teraquop regime at 10^{-3} physical noise with lower overhead than prior two-gross-code constructions.
-
Forced Gap Post-Selection for Quantum LDPC Codes and their Operations
A forced-gap post-selection strategy using repeated Relay-BP decoder runs improves logical error rates by over 4x on 72- and 144-qubit bivariate bicycle codes at fixed post-selection rate.
-
Forced Gap Post-Selection for Quantum LDPC Codes and their Operations
Forced-gap post-selection on bivariate bicycle codes and surgery gadgets improves logical error rates by a factor of more than 4 using Relay-BP decoding at fixed post-selection rate.
-
Spatial overhead reduction for 2D hypergraph product codes
A qubit-reduction method for hypergraph product codes preserves dimension, distance, and fault-tolerance properties, producing smaller codes such as [[441,64,6]] from [[610,64,6]] with comparable noise performance and...
-
DART-Q : A Deadline-Driven Framework for Real-Time QLDPC Decoding
DART-Q shows that cached state organization, overload policies, and service capacity determine whether real-time QLDPC decoders can meet deadlines under finite memory and varying load.
-
Affine Subcode Ensemble Decoding for Degeneracy-Aware Quantum Error Correction
Extending affine subcode ensemble decoding to quantum codes with overcomplete matrices improves convergence and reduces logical error rates for toric and generalized bicycle codes.
-
Affine Subcode Ensemble Decoding for Degeneracy-Aware Quantum Error Correction
Extending affine subcode ensemble decoding to quantum codes with overcomplete matrices improves BP convergence and reduces logical error rates on toric and generalized bicycle codes.
-
Real-time Surface-Code Error Correction Using an FPGA-based Neural-Network Decoder
An FPGA-based neural-network decoder achieves 550 ns deterministic closed-loop latency for real-time distance-3 surface code error correction on a superconducting processor, matching offline decoding performance.
-
Triage: An Adaptive Parallel Window Decoding Scheduler for Real-time Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Triage is an adaptive parallel window decoding scheduler that reduces average logical error rates by 52.6% compared to standard temporal parallelism while keeping stalls low under scarce classical resources.
-
Edge-Based Anisotropic Decoding for Generalized Bicycle Codes
Edge-coloring eliminates automorphisms in low-weight stabilizer subgraphs of generalized bicycle codes, enabling improved anisotropic min-sum decoding.
-
Lottery BP: Unlocking Quantum Error Decoding at Scale
Lottery BP adds randomness to belief propagation decoding and uses syndrome voting to achieve far higher accuracy on topological quantum codes while reducing reliance on expensive global decoders.
-
Architecting Early Fault Tolerant Neutral Atoms Systems with Quantum Advantage
A teleportation-based parallelization architecture for neutral-atom quantum error correction delivers up to 3x speedup over extractor methods at fixed space cost and enables simulated quantum advantage at 11,495 atoms...
-
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing with Trapped Ions: The Walking Cat Architecture
A trapped-ion architecture based on LDPC codes and cat-state factories achieves 110 logical qubits and one million T gates per day using 2514 physical qubits, with estimates for Heisenberg model simulation on 100 site...
-
Towards Ultra-High-Rate Quantum Error Correction with Reconfigurable Atom Arrays
A family of quantum LDPC codes with encoding rates exceeding 1/2 achieves logical error rates of 10^{-13} per round on atom arrays under 0.1% circuit noise using hierarchical decoding.
-
Geometry-induced correlated noise in qLDPC syndrome extraction
Geometry choices in bivariate-bicycle qLDPC syndrome extraction determine leading correlated error structure via weighted exposure, which correlates strongly with logical error rates and is reduced by biplanar layouts.
-
Routing Codes: High-Rate Quantum LDPC Codes with Short, Parallel Non-Local Connectivity
Routing codes are high-rate qLDPC codes with short parallel non-local couplings that achieve BB-code rates while cutting qubit overhead by a factor of ~8 versus surface codes in circuit simulations.
-
Benchmarking fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware via QLOPS
Proposes QLOPS as an integrated benchmarking metric for FTQC hardware that factors in code rates, decoder throughput, latency, and accuracy, illustrated via RSA-2048 factoring resource estimates.
-
Untangling QLDPC Codes with Biased Noise Ancilla
Biased-noise ancillas (phase flips only) in bicycle bivariate and cyclic hypergraph product QLDPC codes increase effective fault distance, reduce short loops, and improve logical error rate by nearly 10x at 2e-3 circu...
-
Real-Time Quantum Error Correction System Stack: Architecture, Algorithms, and Engineering Practice
A white paper proposing a six-layer system stack for real-time quantum error correction, with benchmarks of decoders for surface and qLDPC codes and latency models.
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.