Future microhertz detections combined with nanohertz pulsar terms can serve as gravity echoes to measure supermassive black hole binary inspiral rates from hundreds to thousands of years in the past.
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Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
26 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 1,122 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
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abstract
New kinematic data and modeling efforts in the past few years have substantially expanded and revised dynamical measurements of black hole masses (Mbh) at the centers of nearby galaxies. Here we compile an updated sample of 72 black holes and their host galaxies, and present revised scaling relations between Mbh and stellar velocity dispersion (sigma), V-band luminosity (L), and bulge stellar mass (Mbulge), for different galaxy subsamples. Our best-fitting power law relations for the full galaxy sample are log(Mbh) = 8.32 + 5.64*log(sigma/200 kms), log(Mbh) = 9.23 + 1.11*log(L/10^{11} Lsun), and log(Mbh) = 8.46 + 1.05*log(Mbulge/10^{11} Msun). A log-quadratic fit to the Mbh-sigma relation with an additional term of beta_2*[log(sigma/200 kms)]^2 gives beta_2 = 1.68 +/- 1.82 and does not decrease the intrinsic scatter in Mbh. When the early- and late-type galaxies are fit separately, we obtain similar slopes of 5.20 and 5.06 for the Mbh-sigma relation but significantly different intercepts -- Mbh in early-type galaxies are about 2 times higher than in late types at a given sigma. Within early-type galaxies, our fits to Mbh(sigma) give Mbh that is about 2 times higher in galaxies with central core profiles than those with central power-law profiles. Our Mbh-L and Mbh-Mbulge relations for early-type galaxies are similar to those from earlier compilations. When the conventional quadrature method is used to determine the intrinsic scatter in Mbh, our dataset shows weak evidence for increased scatter at Mbulge < 10^{11} Msun or L_V < 10^{10.3} Lsun, while the scatter stays constant for 10^{11} < Mbulge < 10^{12.3} Msun and 10^{10.3} < L_V < 10^{11.5} Lsun. A Bayesian analysis indicates a larger sample of Mbh measurements would be needed to detect any statistically significant trend in the scatter with galaxy properties.
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Conditioning CAMELS-SAM simulations on the stellar mass function or stellar-to-halo mass relation reduces uncertainty in b_phi by 88-97% for DESI emission line galaxy samples while remaining consistent across galaxy formation variations.
New JWST and Keck data on off-nuclear TDE 2025abcr show shifting emission-line velocities from a changing reprocessing layer and an IR power-law slope of -2.13 that is consistent with either reprocessing gas or a young stellar cluster of mass ~10^7.6 solar masses.
Capture-driven growth model predicts M ≈ 10^5 M_⊙ × (σ/50 km s^{-1})^{2.5}, requiring the M-σ relation to flatten to 2.26 < β < 2.5 below 10^5 M_⊙.
Morphology-dependent M_bh-σ0 relations are reported: shallow (2.5-3.1) for dust-poor S0 galaxies and steep (7.8) for massive ellipticals, using new SCOPE Bayesian regression on 137 galaxies.
Multi-epoch spectroscopy of 33 ECLEs shows coronal lines emitted at intermediate radii with log(distance)-log(black hole mass) slopes of 0.63 and 0.69 for [O III] and [Fe VII], consistent with photoionization setting the radii.
DESI DR1 yields 314k high-mass and 9.6k dwarf AGN, extending the M_BH-M_star relation to log M_star ~7.8 and suggesting two evolutionary pathways for galaxies and black holes.
ArkenstoneBH is a new subgrid model for the hot phase of black hole feedback that, in isolated galaxy tests, suppresses star formation by counteracting gas inflows from the circumgalactic medium.
FIRE-3 cosmological simulations of Seyfert galaxies produce episodic AGN feedback and gas clearing but no clear anti-correlation between nuclear gas concentration and AGN luminosity, highlighting timing mismatches with observations.
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
Updated M_BH-R_b relation for core-Sérsic galaxies has slope 1.16 and 0.28 dex scatter; large-core galaxies drive a high-mass upturn in M_BH-σ attributed to successive dry mergers.
An obscured tidal disruption event in SDSS J010320.39+140152.5 was identified through its mid- and near-infrared dust echo peaking at 5.4e43 Lsun.
ARTEMIS and EAGLE simulations classify L* galaxies by central BH-to-stellar-mass ratio and trace how merger history drives divergence in BH growth, star formation, and morphology, offering an explanation for the observed scatter and for MW/M31 differences.
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
Multiple galaxy formation simulations show that low-mass quenched galaxies at z>3 are predominantly environmentally quenched satellites, often only temporarily so, and match JWST observations.
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
Disc galaxies inhibit supermassive black hole growth by preserving rotational support in central gas, while mergers in ellipticals disrupt this support and enable rapid accretion.
Optical imaging and BAGPIPES SED fitting of eight FXTs yields candidate hosts consistent with WD-IMBH TDEs or BNS mergers for most events, with one reclassified as a Galactic flare and evidence for diverse origins.
Spectroscopic analysis of dual nuclei shows SMBH masses higher in galaxy mergers than single nuclei at fixed stellar mass.
50 constrained simulations of Coma cluster analogues reproduce the observed radial X-ray surface brightness and Compton-y profiles within the scatter expected from environment and assembly history.
Simulations forecast 21-51% probability of resolving individual SMBH binaries with PTAs in 0-10 years, with localization areas containing ~190k early-type galaxies on average and a ranking method that excludes roughly half the candidates when galaxy properties are available.
Simulations and analytic modeling predict that the supermassive black hole to stellar mass ratio peaks at several percent around redshift 7-10 before declining toward the present day.
Dwarf galaxies host compact thermal HII regions powered by up to 100,000 O-type stars and exhibit radio variability consistent with AGNs.
SHARP on ELT will enable the first mapping of z>9 Lyα nebulae at scales from 150 pc to 100 kpc.
citing papers explorer
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Gravity Echoes from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Future microhertz detections combined with nanohertz pulsar terms can serve as gravity echoes to measure supermassive black hole binary inspiral rates from hundreds to thousands of years in the past.
-
Informative Priors on Primordial Non-Gaussianity Bias $b_{\phi}$ From Galaxy Formation
Conditioning CAMELS-SAM simulations on the stellar mass function or stellar-to-halo mass relation reduces uncertainty in b_phi by 88-97% for DESI emission line galaxy samples while remaining consistent across galaxy formation variations.
-
JWST and Keck observations of the off-nuclear tidal disruption event TDE 2025abcr: An evolving reprocessing layer
New JWST and Keck data on off-nuclear TDE 2025abcr show shifting emission-line velocities from a changing reprocessing layer and an IR power-law slope of -2.13 that is consistent with either reprocessing gas or a young stellar cluster of mass ~10^7.6 solar masses.
-
The $M$-$\sigma$ Relation Has to Break
Capture-driven growth model predicts M ≈ 10^5 M_⊙ × (σ/50 km s^{-1})^{2.5}, requiring the M-σ relation to flatten to 2.26 < β < 2.5 below 10^5 M_⊙.
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Galaxy morphology dependent (black hole mass)-(velocity dispersion) relations: implications for gravitational wave forecasts and cosmological simulations
Morphology-dependent M_bh-σ0 relations are reported: shallow (2.5-3.1) for dust-poor S0 galaxies and steep (7.8) for massive ellipticals, using new SCOPE Bayesian regression on 137 galaxies.
-
Mapping the nuclear environments of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies
Multi-epoch spectroscopy of 33 ECLEs shows coronal lines emitted at intermediate radii with log(distance)-log(black hole mass) slopes of 0.63 and 0.69 for [O III] and [Fe VII], consistent with photoionization setting the radii.
-
A New Record Census of Dwarf AGN and a Bimodal $M_{\rm BH}$-$M_{\star}$ Scaling Relation with DESI DR1
DESI DR1 yields 314k high-mass and 9.6k dwarf AGN, extending the M_BH-M_star relation to log M_star ~7.8 and suggesting two evolutionary pathways for galaxies and black holes.
-
ArkenstoneBH. A model for high-specific energy black hole feedback in cosmological simulations
ArkenstoneBH is a new subgrid model for the hot phase of black hole feedback that, in isolated galaxy tests, suppresses star formation by counteracting gas inflows from the circumgalactic medium.
-
Investigating black hole accretion and feedback self-regulation in Seyfert galaxies using the FIRE-3 cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
FIRE-3 cosmological simulations of Seyfert galaxies produce episodic AGN feedback and gas clearing but no clear anti-correlation between nuclear gas concentration and AGN luminosity, highlighting timing mismatches with observations.
-
TNG SAM: Bridging Hydrodynamical Complexity and Semi-Analytic Efficiency to Model Galaxy Formation
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
-
The $M_{\rm BH}$$-$$R_{\rm b}$ relation and the high-mass end of the $M_{\rm BH}$$-$$\sigma$ relation
Updated M_BH-R_b relation for core-Sérsic galaxies has slope 1.16 and 0.28 dex scatter; large-core galaxies drive a high-mass upturn in M_BH-σ attributed to successive dry mergers.
-
An Obscured Tidal Disruption Event Uncovered by Its Mid- and Near-Infrared Dust Echo in a Star-Forming Galaxy
An obscured tidal disruption event in SDSS J010320.39+140152.5 was identified through its mid- and near-infrared dust echo peaking at 5.4e43 Lsun.
-
Co-evolution of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host L* galaxies: implications for Milky Way and M31
ARTEMIS and EAGLE simulations classify L* galaxies by central BH-to-stellar-mass ratio and trace how merger history drives divergence in BH growth, star formation, and morphology, offering an explanation for the observed scatter and for MW/M31 differences.
-
Black Hole Binary Detection Landscape for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA): Signal-to-Noise Calculations & Science Cases
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
-
Environmental Quenching of High-Redshift Galaxies: Interpreting JWST Observations with Simulations
Multiple galaxy formation simulations show that low-mass quenched galaxies at z>3 are predominantly environmentally quenched satellites, often only temporarily so, and match JWST observations.
-
The LISA Astrophysics MBHcatalogues Project: A comparison of predictions of simulated massive black hole binaries
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
-
Galaxy discs regulate the growth of supermassive black holes
Disc galaxies inhibit supermassive black hole growth by preserving rotational support in central gas, while mergers in ellipticals disrupt this support and enable rapid accretion.
-
Optical observations of candidate host galaxies of eight fast X-ray transients
Optical imaging and BAGPIPES SED fitting of eight FXTs yields candidate hosts consistent with WD-IMBH TDEs or BNS mergers for most events, with one reclassified as a Galactic flare and evidence for diverse origins.
-
Investigating the Spectral Properties of Dual Nuclei in Galaxy Mergers from the GOTHIC survey: Supermassive Black Hole Growth, metal enrichment and Dual AGN
Spectroscopic analysis of dual nuclei shows SMBH masses higher in galaxy mergers than single nuclei at fixed stellar mass.
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Learning the Universe: Constrained simulations of the Coma galaxy cluster -- I. Radial X-ray and Compton-y signatures
50 constrained simulations of Coma cluster analogues reproduce the observed radial X-ray surface brightness and Compton-y profiles within the scatter expected from environment and assembly history.
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Prospects of resolving and localising individual supermassive black hole binaries with pulsar timing arrays: the host ranking challenge
Simulations forecast 21-51% probability of resolving individual SMBH binaries with PTAs in 0-10 years, with localization areas containing ~190k early-type galaxies on average and a ranking method that excludes roughly half the candidates when galaxy properties are available.
-
Redshift Evolution of the Ratio of Supermassive Black Hole Mass to Stellar Mass
Simulations and analytic modeling predict that the supermassive black hole to stellar mass ratio peaks at several percent around redshift 7-10 before declining toward the present day.
-
Dwarf Galaxies Hosting Extreme Star-Forming Regions and (Variable) AGNs at Radio Wavelengths
Dwarf galaxies host compact thermal HII regions powered by up to 100,000 O-type stars and exhibit radio variability consistent with AGNs.
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Unveiling the Cosmic Dawn with SHARP: Probing extended Lyman-$\alpha$ nebulae in a Universe less than 600 Myr old
SHARP on ELT will enable the first mapping of z>9 Lyα nebulae at scales from 150 pc to 100 kpc.
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Probing the Variation of the Inner Surface-Brightness Profile of Nuclear Star Clusters on the Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Mass Measurements Using Mock Observations of ELT/MICADO and HARMONI
Simulations combining MICADO imaging and HARMONI kinematics show that variations in nuclear star cluster inner surface-brightness slope affect IMBH mass estimates derived via Jeans Anisotropic Modeling.