First spectroscopic variability in a z~7 LRD shows rapid changes in both narrow and broad line regions, implying direct ionization from the central source to surrounding nebular gas.
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Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
Spectroscopic study of 11 LRDs at z~4 finds AGN origin for optical emission via broad Hα correlations and introduces a clumpy envelope model with growth timescales of 10^5-10^7 years.
JWST difference imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER has yielded 68 high-redshift supernovae including a core-collapse event at z>3 and a Type Ia at z>2, demonstrating the feasibility of wide-area time-domain searches in the early universe.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
Lya nebulae around unobscured quasars are more extended, asymmetric, and show steeper velocity dispersion declines than those around obscured quasars, supporting an evolutionary AGN model at cosmic noon.
Machine learning on cosmological simulations achieves 91-94% accuracy classifying over-massive versus under-massive SMBH growth regimes from LSST photometry, with 83-89% cross-simulation transfer accuracy driven primarily by host galaxy colors.
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
Coevolving super-Eddington black holes and nuclear starbursts in high-redshift halos naturally generate the V-shaped UV-to-optical spectra and weak high-energy emission of little red dots.
Halo-driven transient rapid growth followed by thermodynamic suppression explains over-massive black holes and Little Red Dots as precursors to standard SMBH-galaxy coevolution.
VLBA multi-frequency imaging resolves a collimated jet extending ~745 pc in the z=3.4351 super-Eddington radio-loud quasar ID830, with v ≳ 0.19c and viewing angle ≲ 79° but δ ~ 1.
LRDs require Compton-thick gas at moderate metallicity plus high accretion rates producing weak X-rays to explain their non-detection, implying they are not chemically pristine.
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
Self-interacting dark matter with particle mass m ≳ 0.01 eV drives universal super-Eddington Bondi accretion that grows 10 solar-mass primordial black holes into 10^9-10^10 solar-mass supermassive black holes by z~7.
Simulations and analytic modeling predict that the supermassive black hole to stellar mass ratio peaks at several percent around redshift 7-10 before declining toward the present day.
A review summarizing detection methods, population statistics, and coevolution of supermassive black holes with host galaxies from early universe observations and simulations.
citing papers explorer
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The GlimmIr: Spectroscopic Variability in a z~7 LRD Indicates Rapid Changes in Both the Narrow and Broad Line Regions
First spectroscopic variability in a z~7 LRD shows rapid changes in both narrow and broad line regions, implying direct ionization from the central source to surrounding nebular gas.
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SDSS-V: Revealing a weak accretion state in X-ray selected red quasars
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
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The Structure and Evolution of LRDs: Insights from JWST NIRSpec Medium and High Resolution Spectroscopy at $z\sim4$
Spectroscopic study of 11 LRDs at z~4 finds AGN origin for optical emission via broad Hα correlations and introduces a clumpy envelope model with growth timescales of 10^5-10^7 years.
-
Expanding the High-z Supernova Frontier: "Wide-Area" JWST Discoveries from the First Two Years of COSMOS-Web
JWST difference imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER has yielded 68 high-redshift supernovae including a core-collapse event at z>3 and a Type Ia at z>2, demonstrating the feasibility of wide-area time-domain searches in the early universe.
-
Kinematic Stratification in Extremely Red Quasars Revealed by JWST
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
-
Constraining the nature of active galactic nuclei through circumgalactic Lya emission at z=2-3
Lya nebulae around unobscured quasars are more extended, asymmetric, and show steeper velocity dispersion declines than those around obscured quasars, supporting an evolutionary AGN model at cosmic noon.
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Classifying Supermassive Black Hole Growth Regimes to Observables Across Cosmological Simulations with Forecasts for LSST
Machine learning on cosmological simulations achieves 91-94% accuracy classifying over-massive versus under-massive SMBH growth regimes from LSST photometry, with 83-89% cross-simulation transfer accuracy driven primarily by host galaxy colors.
-
Little Red Dots on FIRE: The Ability of Bursty Galaxies to Host an Abundant Population of High-Redshift AGN
FIRE-2 simulations with gravitational torque-driven and free-fall accretion models predict enough high-redshift AGN to explain little red dots, with a super-Eddington Eddington-limited scenario for M_BH >= 2e5 Msun in M_star >= 2e7 Msun galaxies reproducing key observations.
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Spectral Uniformity of Little Red Dots: A Natural Outcome of Coevolving Seed Black Holes and Nascent Starbursts
Coevolving super-Eddington black holes and nuclear starbursts in high-redshift halos naturally generate the V-shaped UV-to-optical spectra and weak high-energy emission of little red dots.
-
Halo-driven Origin and Suppression of Over-massive Black Holes and Little Red Dots
Halo-driven transient rapid growth followed by thermodynamic suppression explains over-massive black holes and Little Red Dots as precursors to standard SMBH-galaxy coevolution.
-
A VLBA-resolved Jet Associated with Super-Eddington Accretion in a Radio-loud Quasar at $z=3.4$
VLBA multi-frequency imaging resolves a collimated jet extending ~745 pc in the z=3.4351 super-Eddington radio-loud quasar ID830, with v ≳ 0.19c and viewing angle ≲ 79° but δ ~ 1.
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On the quenching of LRD X-ray emission by both Compton-thick gas and high accretion rates
LRDs require Compton-thick gas at moderate metallicity plus high accretion rates producing weak X-rays to explain their non-detection, implying they are not chemically pristine.
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Black Hole Binary Detection Landscape for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA): Signal-to-Noise Calculations & Science Cases
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
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A Unified Dark-Matter--Driven Relativistic Bondi Route to Black-Hole Growth from Stellar to Supermassive Scales
Self-interacting dark matter with particle mass m ≳ 0.01 eV drives universal super-Eddington Bondi accretion that grows 10 solar-mass primordial black holes into 10^9-10^10 solar-mass supermassive black holes by z~7.
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Redshift Evolution of the Ratio of Supermassive Black Hole Mass to Stellar Mass
Simulations and analytic modeling predict that the supermassive black hole to stellar mass ratio peaks at several percent around redshift 7-10 before declining toward the present day.
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Massive black holes and their galaxies
A review summarizing detection methods, population statistics, and coevolution of supermassive black holes with host galaxies from early universe observations and simulations.