HABIT is a large-scale robot demonstration dataset for human-present environments that elicits spatiotemporal synchronization, yielding, and gesture grounding behaviors absent from robot-only training data.
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World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies
Canonical reference. 90% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
State-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at semantic generalization but struggle to generalize to unseen physical motions in novel environments. We introduce DreamZero, a World Action Model (WAM) built upon a pretrained video diffusion backbone. Unlike VLAs, WAMs learn physical dynamics by predicting future world states and actions, using video as a dense representation of how the world evolves. By jointly modeling video and action, DreamZero learns diverse skills effectively from heterogeneous robot data without relying on repetitive demonstrations. This results in over 2x improvement in generalization to new tasks and environments compared to state-of-the-art VLAs in real robot experiments. Crucially, through model and system optimizations, we enable a 14B autoregressive video diffusion model to perform real-time closed-loop control at 7Hz. Finally, we demonstrate two forms of cross-embodiment transfer: video-only demonstrations from other robots or humans yield a relative improvement of over 42% on unseen task performance with just 10-20 minutes of data. More surprisingly, DreamZero enables few-shot embodiment adaptation, transferring to a new embodiment with only 30 minutes of play data while retaining zero-shot generalization.
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- abstract State-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at semantic generalization but struggle to generalize to unseen physical motions in novel environments. We introduce DreamZero, a World Action Model (WAM) built upon a pretrained video diffusion backbone. Unlike VLAs, WAMs learn physical dynamics by predicting future world states and actions, using video as a dense representation of how the world evolves. By jointly modeling video and action, DreamZero learns diverse skills effectively from heterogeneous robot data without relying on repetitive demonstrations. This results in over 2x i
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2026 138representative citing papers
Embodied.cpp introduces a portable C++ inference runtime with modular layers for deploying VLA and WAM models on heterogeneous robots, reporting 100% and 91% task success on two models plus memory reduction on a WAM benchmark.
SWAM jointly generates intermediate RGB-D sequences and action trajectories from monocular RGB start/goal observations for embodied navigation.
Flow Reversal Steering steers flow matching generalist policies by reversing suboptimal actions to nearby better modes, enabling improved zero-shot control, quick distillation, and RL bootstrapping in robotic manipulation.
FTP-1 is the first foundation tactile policy pretrained on ~3000 hours of data from 26 sources across 21 sensors that improves performance on seen setups by 17.2% and transfers to unseen sensors with 31% success rate gain.
UMI-Bench 1.0 is presented as the first open benchmark dedicated to reproducible real-world evaluation of Universal Manipulation Interface policies.
ActProbe is an action-space detector that uses temporal consistency error and action chunk magnitude from policy outputs, mapped via LSTM-MLP, to predict failures earlier than baselines across policies and real-robot tasks.
VoLoAgent uses a VLM to steer heterogeneous robot capabilities as interruptible tools for long-horizon manipulation and introduces the RoboVoLo benchmark, claiming substantial outperformance over single VLA/VLM or tool-based systems with real-robot validation.
ActionMap introduces a voxel heatmap action head for VLA models that improves policy learning by exploiting geometric structure in the action space.
Dream.exe evaluates 8 video generation models on 101 manipulation tasks by converting generated videos into executable robot trajectories in a simulator, finding measurable success rates that visual metrics do not predict.
Formalizes video world models as group actions on states and uses latent regularization with synthesized supervision to enforce consistency, introducing GAC and GAR metrics that improve structural correctness in SOTA models.
JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.
WorldVLN proposes the first autoregressive world action model for aerial vision-language navigation that predicts short-horizon latent world states, decodes them to waypoints in closed loop, and uses two-stage training with Action-aware GRPO to achieve over 12% success-rate gains on benchmarks plus零
CreFlow combines LTL compositional rewards with credit-aware NFT and corrective reflow losses in online RL to improve embodied video diffusion models, raising downstream task success by 23.8 percentage points on eight bimanual manipulation tasks.
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
ACWM-Phys is a controllable simulator benchmark with in- and out-of-distribution protocols for evaluating action-conditioned world models across rigid, kinematic, deformable, and particle dynamics.
NoiseGate learns per-latent timestep schedules as an information-gating policy in diffusion-based world action models, yielding consistent gains on RoboTwin manipulation tasks.
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
EA-WM generates more accurate robot world rollouts by projecting actions as structured visual fields in camera space and using event-aware bidirectional fusion to better capture interaction dynamics.
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
π₀.₇ is a steerable generalist robotic model that uses rich multimodal prompts including language, subgoal images, and performance metadata to achieve out-of-the-box generalization across tasks and robot bodies.
ViVa turns a video generator into a value model for robot RL that jointly forecasts future states and task value, yielding better performance on real-world box assembly when integrated with RECAP.
MoRight disentangles object and camera motion via canonical-view specification and temporal cross-view attention, while decomposing motion into active user-driven and passive consequence components to learn and apply causality in video generation.
Action Images turn robot arm motions into interpretable multiview pixel videos, letting video backbones serve as zero-shot policies for end-to-end robot learning.
citing papers explorer
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HABIT: Human-Aware Behavior and Interaction Training Dataset for Robot Manipulation
HABIT is a large-scale robot demonstration dataset for human-present environments that elicits spatiotemporal synchronization, yielding, and gesture grounding behaviors absent from robot-only training data.
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Embodied.cpp: A Portable Inference Runtime of Embodied AI Models on Heterogeneous Robots
Embodied.cpp introduces a portable C++ inference runtime with modular layers for deploying VLA and WAM models on heterogeneous robots, reporting 100% and 91% task success on two models plus memory reduction on a WAM benchmark.
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Pondering the Way: Spatial-perceiving World Action Model for Embodied Navigation
SWAM jointly generates intermediate RGB-D sequences and action trajectories from monocular RGB start/goal observations for embodied navigation.
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Improving Robotic Generalist Policies via Flow Reversal Steering
Flow Reversal Steering steers flow matching generalist policies by reversing suboptimal actions to nearby better modes, enabling improved zero-shot control, quick distillation, and RL bootstrapping in robotic manipulation.
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FTP-1: A Generalist Foundation Tactile Policy Across Tactile Sensors for Contact-Rich Manipulation
FTP-1 is the first foundation tactile policy pretrained on ~3000 hours of data from 26 sources across 21 sensors that improves performance on seen setups by 17.2% and transfers to unseen sensors with 31% success rate gain.
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UMI-Bench 1.0: An Open and Reproducible Real-World Benchmark for Tabletop Robotic Manipulation with UMI Data
UMI-Bench 1.0 is presented as the first open benchmark dedicated to reproducible real-world evaluation of Universal Manipulation Interface policies.
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ActProbe: Action-Space Probe for Early Failure Detection of Generative Robot Policies
ActProbe is an action-space detector that uses temporal consistency error and action chunk magnitude from policy outputs, mapped via LSTM-MLP, to predict failures earlier than baselines across policies and real-robot tasks.
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VoLo: A Physical Orchestrator for Open-Vocabulary Long-Horizon Manipulation
VoLoAgent uses a VLM to steer heterogeneous robot capabilities as interruptible tools for long-horizon manipulation and introduces the RoboVoLo benchmark, claiming substantial outperformance over single VLA/VLM or tool-based systems with real-robot validation.
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ActionMap: Robot Policy Learning via Voxel Action Heatmap
ActionMap introduces a voxel heatmap action head for VLA models that improves policy learning by exploiting geometric structure in the action space.
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Dream.exe: Can Video Generation Models Dream Executable Robot Manipulation?
Dream.exe evaluates 8 video generation models on 101 manipulation tasks by converting generated videos into executable robot trajectories in a simulator, finding measurable success rates that visual metrics do not predict.
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World Models as Group Actions
Formalizes video world models as group actions on states and uses latent regularization with synthesized supervision to enforce consistency, introducing GAC and GAR metrics that improve structural correctness in SOTA models.
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Point Tracking Improves World Action Models
JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.
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WorldVLN: Autoregressive World Action Model for Aerial Vision-Language Navigation
WorldVLN proposes the first autoregressive world action model for aerial vision-language navigation that predicts short-horizon latent world states, decodes them to waypoints in closed loop, and uses two-stage training with Action-aware GRPO to achieve over 12% success-rate gains on benchmarks plus零
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CreFlow: Corrective Reflow for Sparse-Reward Embodied Video Diffusion RL
CreFlow combines LTL compositional rewards with credit-aware NFT and corrective reflow losses in online RL to improve embodied video diffusion models, raising downstream task success by 23.8 percentage points on eight bimanual manipulation tasks.
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From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
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ACWM-Phys: Investigating Generalized Physical Interaction in Action-Conditioned Video World Models
ACWM-Phys is a controllable simulator benchmark with in- and out-of-distribution protocols for evaluating action-conditioned world models across rigid, kinematic, deformable, and particle dynamics.
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NoiseGate: Learning Per-Latent Timestep Schedules as Information Gating in World Action Models
NoiseGate learns per-latent timestep schedules as an information-gating policy in diffusion-based world action models, yielding consistent gains on RoboTwin manipulation tasks.
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OA-WAM: Object-Addressable World Action Model for Robust Robot Manipulation
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
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EA-WM: Event-Aware Generative World Model with Structured Kinematic-to-Visual Action Fields
EA-WM generates more accurate robot world rollouts by projecting actions as structured visual fields in camera space and using event-aware bidirectional fusion to better capture interaction dynamics.
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Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
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${\pi}_{0.7}$: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilities
π₀.₇ is a steerable generalist robotic model that uses rich multimodal prompts including language, subgoal images, and performance metadata to achieve out-of-the-box generalization across tasks and robot bodies.
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ViVa: A Video-Generative Value Model for Robot Reinforcement Learning
ViVa turns a video generator into a value model for robot RL that jointly forecasts future states and task value, yielding better performance on real-world box assembly when integrated with RECAP.
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MoRight: Motion Control Done Right
MoRight disentangles object and camera motion via canonical-view specification and temporal cross-view attention, while decomposing motion into active user-driven and passive consequence components to learn and apply causality in video generation.
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Action Images: End-to-End Policy Learning via Multiview Video Generation
Action Images turn robot arm motions into interpretable multiview pixel videos, letting video backbones serve as zero-shot policies for end-to-end robot learning.
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VT-WAM: Visual-Tactile World Action Model for Contact-Rich Manipulation
VT-WAM jointly predicts visual futures, tactile deformation, and actions via flow matching with Asymmetric MoT attention and contact-gated AVTAG, reporting 71.67% success on six real-world contact-rich tasks.
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ACID: Action Consistency via Inverse Dynamics for Planning with World Models
ACID improves decision-time planning in world models by adding per-step action consistency residuals from an inverse dynamics model to the planning cost via an adaptive weight, yielding better performance with less compute across manipulation and navigation tasks.
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VLAFlow: A Unified Training Framework for Vision-Language-Action Models via Co-training and Future Latent Alignment
VLAFlow shows that combining language-supervised co-training with future latent alignment produces the most stable transfer performance for vision-language-action models trained on mixed robot data.
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ROSA: A Robotics Foundation Model Serving System for Robot Factories
ROSA introduces shared GPU-pool serving, robotics-aware abstractions for multi-model pipelines, and factory-productivity scheduling that improves output by up to 12.06x over dedicated per-robot systems.
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RoboWorld: Fast and Reliable Neural Simulators for Generalist Robot Policy Evaluation
RoboWorld introduces an automated pipeline using autoregressive video world models and task-progress VLM scoring, plus Step Forcing for long-horizon stability, to achieve high correlation with real robot policy evaluation.
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ABot-M0.5: Unified Mobility-and-Manipulation World Action Model
ABot-M0.5 proposes a unified mobility-and-manipulation world action model using three alignment strategies that achieves state-of-the-art performance on mobile and fine-grained manipulation benchmarks.
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The Speedup Paradox: Rethinking Inference Speed-Quality Trade-off in Embodied Tasks
TISED decomposes inference optimization effects on embodied tasks and identifies paradoxical outcomes where faster per-step inference can increase task completion time on static tasks or raise success rates on dynamic tasks.
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SimFoundry: Modular and Automated Scene Generation for Policy Learning and Evaluation
SimFoundry automates zero-shot real-to-sim scene generation from video, producing digital twins and cousins that enable policy training with 0.911 mean Pearson correlation to real-world results and 17-40% success gains from variations.
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Translation as a Bridging Action: Transferring Manipulation Skills from Humans to Robots
A relative wrist translation bridging action with a vision-language-action model using interleaved tokens and attention masking transfers human manipulation skills to robots more effectively than 6DoF actions.
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LocalNav: Distilling Frontier VLMs and Embodied RL for On-Device Object Goal Navigation
Distillation from frontier VLMs plus E-RLVR regularization produces a 4B local model that achieves 34.5% SR on OVON while cutting inference latency by 82.8%.
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DIM-WAM: World-Action Modeling with Diverse Historical Event Memory
DiM-WAM is a memory-augmented world-action model that integrates multi-scale historical events and global task progress to improve long-horizon robot manipulation performance.
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ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?
ImageWAM shows image editing models can replace video generation in world action models, delivering better performance with 6x lower FLOPs and 4x lower latency by using edit-derived KV caches as compact context.
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Mem-World: Memory-Augmented Action-Conditioned World Models for Persistent Robot Manipulation
Mem-World augments world models with W-VMem, a wrist-view-centered surfel memory, to generate persistent action-conditioned video rollouts that improve policy evaluation correlation by 14.5% and raise task success from 58% to 72%.
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SC3-Eval: Evaluating Robot Foundation Models via Self-Consistent Video Generation
SC3-Eval enforces three consistencies on a video model to produce policy rollouts that correlate 0.929 with real-world performance across seven vision-language-action policies and reproduce observed failure modes.
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AnnotateAnything: Automatic Annotation of 3D Assets for Robot Manipulation
AnnotateAnything converts passive 3D assets into manipulation-ready assets by combining vision-language reasoning for semantics with parallel physics pipelines for executable action annotations such as grasps and articulations.
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T-Rex: Tactile-Reactive Dexterous Manipulation
T-Rex introduces a large tactile dataset and MoT architecture that achieves over 30% higher success rates than baselines on 12 tasks requiring force control and deformable object handling.
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Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learning
GAM splits a geometric foundation model to enable language-conditioned future geometry prediction and action decoding for robot policies, claiming superior performance on manipulation benchmarks.
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RepWAM: World Action Modeling with Representation Visual-Action Tokenizers
RepWAM introduces representation visual-action tokenizers to pretrain world action models that jointly model future visual states and latent actions under instructions for improved robot manipulation.
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MaskWAM: Unifying Mask Prompting and Prediction for World-Action Models
MaskWAM unifies mask prompting and prediction in world-action models via Mixture of Transformers to improve robotic policy generalization on language-ambiguous tasks.
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Learning to Assist: Collaborative VLAs for Implicit Human-Robot Collaboration
VLA models with inference-time steering mitigate action leakage in implicit human-robot collaboration, supporting longer horizons and yielding faster, more reliable assembly than shorter-horizon baselines in a 16-person study.
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Next Forcing: Causal World Modeling with Multi-Chunk Prediction
Next Forcing augments video generation models with auxiliary multi-chunk prediction modules to achieve faster training convergence, higher accuracy at high frame rates, and 2x faster inference on world modeling benchmarks.
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Hierarchical Policies from Verbal and Egocentric Human Signals for Natural Human-Robot Interaction
EDITH combines egocentric vision and gaze from smart glasses with language in a hierarchical policy to let robots interpret brief nonverbal human intent and reduce user effort in interactive tasks.
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Dream-Tac: A Unified Tactile World Action Model for Contact-Rich Robot Manipulation
Dream-Tac unifies visual and tactile signals in a world action model using contact-gated fusion and attention bias, reporting 31.7% average action accuracy gains on six manipulation tasks.
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SIMPLE: Simulation-Based Policy Learning and Evaluation for Humanoid Loco-manipulation
SIMPLE is a new large-scale simulation benchmark for humanoid loco-manipulation that integrates accurate dynamics and photorealistic rendering and demonstrates policy transfer from simulation to physical robots.
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DRIFT: A Residual Flow Adapter for Decoding Continuous Outputs in Vision-Language Models
DRIFT adapts pretrained VLMs to continuous decoding via a base predictor plus residual flow matching, outperforming regression and generative baselines on grounding and robotic control tasks.
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Flash-WAM: Modality-Aware Distillation for World Action Models
Flash-WAM introduces modality-specific consistency parametrizations to distill joint video-action diffusion models to single-step inference, delivering 23x speedup with preserved benchmark performance.