Effortless reconstructs Roman images 50–60× faster than Imcom; one calibrated single-image output beats ~6 coadded Imcom images on ideal point-source moments.
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Euclid Definition Study Report
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Euclid is a space-based survey mission from the European Space Agency designed to understand the origin of the Universe's accelerating expansion. It will use cosmological probes to investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter and gravity by tracking their observational signatures on the geometry of the universe and on the cosmic history of structure formation. The mission is optimised for two independent primary cosmological probes: Weak gravitational Lensing (WL) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). The Euclid payload consists of a 1.2 m Korsch telescope designed to provide a large field of view. It carries two instruments with a common field-of-view of ~0.54 deg2: the visual imager (VIS) and the near infrared instrument (NISP) which contains a slitless spectrometer and a three bands photometer. The Euclid wide survey will cover 15,000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky and is complemented by two 20 deg2 deep fields. For WL, Euclid measures the shapes of 30-40 resolved galaxies per arcmin2 in one broad visible R+I+Z band (550-920 nm). The photometric redshifts for these galaxies reach a precision of dz/(1+z) < 0.05. They are derived from three additional Euclid NIR bands (Y, J, H in the range 0.92-2.0 micron), complemented by ground based photometry in visible bands derived from public data or through engaged collaborations. The BAO are determined from a spectroscopic survey with a redshift accuracy dz/(1+z) =0.001. The slitless spectrometer, with spectral resolution ~250, predominantly detects Ha emission line galaxies. Euclid is a Medium Class mission of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme, with a foreseen launch date in 2019. This report (also known as the Euclid Red Book) describes the outcome of the Phase A study.
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- abstract Euclid is a space-based survey mission from the European Space Agency designed to understand the origin of the Universe's accelerating expansion. It will use cosmological probes to investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter and gravity by tracking their observational signatures on the geometry of the universe and on the cosmic history of structure formation. The mission is optimised for two independent primary cosmological probes: Weak gravitational Lensing (WL) and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). The Euclid payload consists of a 1.2 m Korsch telescope designed to provide a large
- background would therefore contribute to the dark radiation abundance during the aforementioned epochs, which is conventionally expressed in terms of the effective number of neutrinos Neff., and faces tight constraints from e.g. Planck CMB data together with BAO and the - 22 - ∆Neff. < experiment reference 0.285 Planck+lensing+BAO [38, 211] 0.18 Planck+BBN [212, 213] 0.17 ACT+Planck+lensing [214] 0.12 COrE [215] 0.12 Euclid [216] 0.12 SPT-3G [217] 0.12 SO [218] 0.06 CMB-S4 [219, 220] 0.06 PICO [221] 0.014
- background GW detectors in constraining cosmological models and probing GW source formation channels using cross-correlation of dark sirens and galaxies. I. INTRODUCTION Exploring the distribution of the three-dimensional large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe is one of the central goals of modern cosmology. Current optical sur- vey projects, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic In- strument (DESI) [1], Euclid [2, 3], the Vera Rubin Obser- vatory [4], and the China Space Station Survey Telescope (CSS
- background [214] D. Spergel, N. Gehrels, C. Baltay, D. Bennett, and oth- ers, Wide-field infrarred survey telescope-astrophysics focused telescope assets wfirst-afta 2015 report (2015), arXiv:1503.03757 [astro-ph.IM]. [215] R. Laureijs, J. Amiaux, S. Arduini, J. L. Augu` eres, and others, arXiv e-prints , arXiv:1110.3193 (2011), arXiv:1110.3193 [astro-ph.CO]. [216] W. J. Handley, M. P. Hobson, and A. N. Lasenby, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 450, L61 (2015), arXiv:1502.01856 [astro-ph.CO]. [217] W. Handley,
- background 1 Photometric Redshifts 7 bin. For LSST weak lensing analysis, the LSST Dark Energy Science Collabora- tion (DESC) science requirements [31] sets targets at the per-mille level,|δz|< 0.002×(1+z)in the year 1 analysis, tightening to|δz|<0.001×(1+z)in the year 10 analysis. Euclid similarly adopts target uncertainties on the mean redshift of bins at the 0.002×(1+z)level [32]. However, current photo-zmethods used in Stage III cosmology [33, 34, 35] still fall short of these goals by factors of≈10 du
- background Program (SSP) [24], and the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS; [25, 26]) not only delivered high-quality multi-band images of (almost) the whole sky, but also enabled the supernova, galaxy clusters, and weak gravitational lensing aspects of the Stage-II and Stage-III experiments designed by the Dark En- ergy Task Force (DETF) report [27]. Very soon, the start of the Euclid [28, 29] satellite and the Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) [30-32], along with the launch of the China Spa
- method Appendix C: Galaxy catalog redshift distributions and window functions 1.b g dN/dz Here we discuss the galaxy bias-limited redshift distributions-shown in Figure C.1-for the galaxy sub- samples used in this work. We use the clustering-based redshift inference tool,tomographer.org[74], which is built on the concepts and techniques developed in Refs. [75, 76]. Given a 2-Dhealpymap of a galaxy subsample, tomographer.orguses a reference sample of∼2×10 6 spectroscopic objects from the Sloan Digital S
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representative citing papers
An LLM-based multi-agent system (FORMA) verifies DESI spectral classifications with 95.5% agreement to expert adjudication by reconstructing expert reasoning into an auditable workflow.
Pseudo double-source plane lenses enable statistical strong lensing tomography that forecasts σ(w0) ~ 0.45 from the LSST 10-year photometric sample in flat w0waCDM cosmology.
A transformer-based diffusion model learns the joint distribution of convergence maps and cosmology from log-normal weak lensing simulations and generates calibrated posterior samples matching MCMC results.
Two-loop EFT galaxy power spectrum achieves per-mille agreement with simulations to k=0.85 h/Mpc and yields three times narrower unbiased σ8 errors than linear theory.
A flow matching generative model produces weak lensing mass maps with fidelity improved to below 1% and 5% on basic and higher-order statistics relative to GAN benchmarks.
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
A master screening equation is derived for luminal Horndeski gravity that recovers Vainshtein and Chameleon mechanisms and introduces Phaedrus screening with screening radius scaling linearly with source mass.
Stacking 3455 CHIME/FRB sightlines on 1288 SDSS voids shows a 3.2 sigma DM deficit toward centers, implying 60 percent baryon underdensity consistent with galaxy underdensity and hydrodynamical simulations.
The authors derive the fourth-order galaxy-galaxy lensing 4PCF and aperture statistics, implement a numerical pipeline and FFT estimator, and detect the connected ⟨N³ M_ap⟩ signal at SNR ~9 in stage IV mock data over 2000 deg².
Multi-band EBL intensity mapping cross-correlated with cosmic shear and galaxy clustering recovers IHL, IGL, and EoR parameters with 10-35% smaller uncertainties than intensity mapping alone.
Massive neutrinos leave distinct imprints on specific triangle configurations in the three-point correlation function of halos, with patterns that differ from sigma_8 variations and thus help break their degeneracy.
Exhaustive symbolic regression on mock weak lensing excess surface density data recovers NFW profiles at 5% fractional errors with as few as 20 clusters but favors simpler functions at higher uncertainties because errors are smallest in the outskirts.
New SMICA formalism and binned bispectrum estimator jointly recover power spectra, spectral parameters, foreground 3-point correlators, and primordial non-Gaussianity constraints from multi-frequency polarization maps tested on LiteBIRD simulations.
First integration of tomographic AP tests with MCFs and PCA compression yields 48% and 45% tighter errors on Ω_m and w versus standard two-point functions.
LPT-matched integrators for cosmological simulations outperform FastPM with O(1-100) timesteps while convergence is limited to order 3/2 post-shell-crossing due to acceleration field irregularity.
Out-of-fold LightGBM recovers up to R²=0.982 of bias-corrected Hubble residual variance in LSST SN Ia mocks and R²=0.725 on DES 5YR, with consistent SHAP rankings, while redshift bins explain <1%.
WaveDiff with wavefront feature projection recovers WFE from noisy undersampled in-focus observations at ~3% error, a tenfold improvement over the prior version.
FLAMINGO simulation analysis shows IA amplitude for LRGs depends on halo assembly history and exhibits redshift evolution beyond mass effects, yielding an empirical mass-redshift model.
Optimal redshift weighting on eBOSS QSO full-shape data reduces uncertainties on H0 by 43.3%, σ8 by 19.7%, w0 by 20.5% and produces a bounded posterior on wa in the CPL model.
GalSBI extended with optimal transport subhalo matching and SBI to forward-model galaxy population plus clustering, validated against DES Y3 and HSC data with public code release.
Formulates weak lensing as a stochastic field theory generating diagrammatic expansions for arbitrary n-point lensing observables, with linear propagation as the lowest-order limit and a selection rule for hierarchy mixing.
Joint 2nd- and 3rd-order cosmic shear analysis on KiDS-Legacy data produces Ω_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040} and S_8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}, consistent with Planck and prior KiDS results while improving Ω_m precision.
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
citing papers explorer
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Efficient Optimal Image Reconstruction for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and Beyond: I. First Results with {\sc Effortless}
Effortless reconstructs Roman images 50–60× faster than Imcom; one calibrated single-image output beats ~6 coadded Imcom images on ideal point-source moments.
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Executable verification through formalized expert reasoning in astronomical spectroscopy
An LLM-based multi-agent system (FORMA) verifies DESI spectral classifications with 95.5% agreement to expert adjudication by reconstructing expert reasoning into an auditable workflow.
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Strong Lensing Tomography: Double and pseudo multi-source plane strong gravitational lensing to constrain dark energy
Pseudo double-source plane lenses enable statistical strong lensing tomography that forecasts σ(w0) ~ 0.45 from the LSST 10-year photometric sample in flat w0waCDM cosmology.
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Joint inference of weak lensing convergence map and cosmology with diffusion models
A transformer-based diffusion model learns the joint distribution of convergence maps and cosmology from log-normal weak lensing simulations and generates calibrated posterior samples matching MCMC results.
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Galaxy Power Spectrum at Two-Loop Order: Implications for Weak Lensing Surveys and New Physics
Two-loop EFT galaxy power spectrum achieves per-mille agreement with simulations to k=0.85 h/Mpc and yields three times narrower unbiased σ8 errors than linear theory.
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Increasing the Precision of Surrogate Models for Weak Lensing Mass Maps with Flow Matching
A flow matching generative model produces weak lensing mass maps with fidelity improved to below 1% and 5% on basic and higher-order statistics relative to GAN benchmarks.
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SDSS-V: Revealing a weak accretion state in X-ray selected red quasars
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
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A Master Equation for Screening in Luminal Horndeski Gravity
A master screening equation is derived for luminal Horndeski gravity that recovers Vainshtein and Chameleon mechanisms and introduces Phaedrus screening with screening radius scaling linearly with source mass.
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Baryons in the Darkest Sites of the Universe
Stacking 3455 CHIME/FRB sightlines on 1288 SDSS voids shows a 3.2 sigma DM deficit toward centers, implying 60 percent baryon underdensity consistent with galaxy underdensity and hydrodynamical simulations.
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Fourth-order galaxy-galaxy-lensing: Theoretical framework and direct estimation
The authors derive the fourth-order galaxy-galaxy lensing 4PCF and aperture statistics, implement a numerical pipeline and FFT estimator, and detect the connected ⟨N³ M_ap⟩ signal at SNR ~9 in stage IV mock data over 2000 deg².
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Euclid preparation. Decomposing components of the extragalactic background light using multi-band intensity mapping cross-correlations
Multi-band EBL intensity mapping cross-correlated with cosmic shear and galaxy clustering recovers IHL, IGL, and EoR parameters with 10-35% smaller uncertainties than intensity mapping alone.
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The imprints of massive neutrinos on the three-point correlation function of large-scale structures
Massive neutrinos leave distinct imprints on specific triangle configurations in the three-point correlation function of halos, with patterns that differ from sigma_8 variations and thus help break their degeneracy.
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Constraining dark matter halo profiles with symbolic regression
Exhaustive symbolic regression on mock weak lensing excess surface density data recovers NFW profiles at 5% fractional errors with as few as 20 clusters but favors simpler functions at higher uncertainties because errors are smallest in the outskirts.
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Non-Gaussianity in SMICA
New SMICA formalism and binned bispectrum estimator jointly recover power spectra, spectral parameters, foreground 3-point correlators, and primordial non-Gaussianity constraints from multi-frequency polarization maps tested on LiteBIRD simulations.
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Tomographic Alcock-Paczynski Test with Marked Correlation Functions
First integration of tomographic AP tests with MCFs and PCA compression yields 48% and 45% tighter errors on Ω_m and w versus standard two-point functions.
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Perturbation-theory informed integrators for cosmological simulations
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Machine Learning Closure Audits for LSST Photometric Supernova Cosmology
Out-of-fold LightGBM recovers up to R²=0.982 of bias-corrected Hubble residual variance in LSST SN Ia mocks and R²=0.725 on DES 5YR, with consistent SHAP rankings, while redshift bins explain <1%.
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Point spread function wavefront recovery from in-focus stellar observations
WaveDiff with wavefront feature projection recovers WFE from noisy undersampled in-focus observations at ~3% error, a tenfold improvement over the prior version.
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Assembly bias and the redshift evolution of intrinsic alignments for LRGs
FLAMINGO simulation analysis shows IA amplitude for LRGs depends on halo assembly history and exhibits redshift evolution beyond mass effects, yielding an empirical mass-redshift model.
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Cosmological inference from the eBOSS QSO full-shape analysis with optimal redshift weights
Optimal redshift weighting on eBOSS QSO full-shape data reduces uncertainties on H0 by 43.3%, σ8 by 19.7%, w0 by 20.5% and produces a bounded posterior on wa in the CPL model.
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GalSBI: Forward Modelling Galaxy Clustering and Population
GalSBI extended with optimal transport subhalo matching and SBI to forward-model galaxy population plus clustering, validated against DES Y3 and HSC data with public code release.
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Statistical Field Theory for Weak Gravitational Lensing
Formulates weak lensing as a stochastic field theory generating diagrammatic expansions for arbitrary n-point lensing observables, with linear propagation as the lowest-order limit and a selection rule for hierarchy mixing.
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KiDS-Legacy: Joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear
Joint 2nd- and 3rd-order cosmic shear analysis on KiDS-Legacy data produces Ω_m = 0.297^{+0.056}_{-0.040} and S_8 = 0.806^{+0.025}_{-0.023}, consistent with Planck and prior KiDS results while improving Ω_m precision.
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pop-cosmos: Disentangling galaxy properties from observables using data-driven approaches
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Learning the Universe: Posterior Reliability of Neural Generative Models in High-Dimensional Field-Level Inference of Cosmic Initial Conditions
Generative models for cosmological field-level inference can reproduce posterior means and cross-correlations yet fail to capture correct uncertainty geometry when validated against HMC reference samples.
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(The) Wiggles going non-linear
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Efficient computation of the galaxy angular bispectrum in redshift space
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Cosmological Constraints from Bias-Robust Wavelet Scattering Statistics for Stage-IV Galaxy Surveys
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A Systematic Study of Behavioral Cloning for Scientific Data Annotation
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Reassessing the Statistical Necessity of Stellar Velocity Anisotropy in Strong-Lensing Cosmology with Lens-by-Lens Photometric Constraints
Analysis of 107 matched strong-lensing and supernova pairs with lens-specific luminosity slopes finds that free stellar anisotropy is statistically required and reveals negative redshift evolution in early-type galaxy density profiles.
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Primordial power spectrum reconstructions from BOSS + eBOSS
BOSS + eBOSS galaxy clustering favors a featureless, quasi-scale-invariant primordial spectrum, with a reconstructed spectral index n_s = 0.976 ± 0.021.
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Extracting redshifts from 2D slitless spectroscopic images using deep learning for the CSST galaxy survey
A Bayesian CNN maps 2D slitless spectral images to redshift estimates with NMAD precision 0.0104 for SNR_GI >=1 and better for brighter sources, while remaining robust to wavelength calibration errors via spatial augmentations.
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Radio sirens: inferring $H_0$ with binary black holes and neutral hydrogen in the era of the Einstein Telescope and the SKA Observatory
Using simulated binary black hole mergers and neutral hydrogen maps, the radio sirens method constrains H0 to 8% precision with 3000 high-SNR events, offering a 90% improvement over standard dark siren analyses.
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Measuring cosmic bulk flow with kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich velocity reconstruction
Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich reconstruction from WISExSuperCOSMOS and unWISE galaxies with Planck data yields tight upper limits on bulk velocities consistent with LambdaCDM out to 2000 h^{-1} Mpc while showing tension with a quasar dipole interpretation.
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Unveiling $f(R)$ Gravity with Void-Galaxy Cross-Correlation Multipoles
Semi-analytical calculation of void-galaxy cross-correlation multipoles in Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity reveals size-dependent deviations from LambdaCDM up to 29.7 percent for small voids, amplified by nonlinear evolution and potentially observable in Stage-IV surveys.
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Euclid preparation. CosmoPostProcess: A simulation calibrated framework for weak lensing selection bias in richness-selected galaxy clusters
CosmoPostProcess delivers simulation-calibrated radial corrections for projection-induced selection bias (20-40% amplitude near 1 h^{-1} Mpc) and baryonic effects in Euclid richness-selected cluster weak lensing profiles.
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Diffusion-based Galaxy Simulations for the Roman High Latitude Survey
A denoising diffusion model trained on transformed JWST observations generates multi-band galaxy images that match key statistical properties of real galaxies for Roman weak lensing simulations.
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Backlighting the Cosmic Web with Fast Radio Bursts: An Anthology of Dispersion Measure Cross-Correlations with Large-Scale Structure and Baryon Tracers
FRB DMs correlate at 2.6-5 sigma with galaxies, weak lensing, CIB, CMB lensing, tSZ, X-ray clusters, SXRB and radio continuum, consistent with moderate feedback models while ruling out weak feedback at 3.5 sigma via SXRB-DM.
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Signatures of Suppressed Matter Clustering revealed by Fast Radio Bursts
FRB dispersion measures directly constrain suppression of the matter power spectrum due to feedback at k ~ 0.1-3 h/Mpc, reduce posterior variance by a factor of ~8 at k~1 h/Mpc, and exclude extreme large-scale feedback scenarios at ~2 sigma.
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Old Universe, Young SNe Ia: A Statistical Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Age from 6,983 TITAN Host Galaxies, and Implications for Cosmology
Large sample of SN Ia hosts shows young mean progenitor age of 3.5 Gyr and only 1.5 Gyr evolution, leading to negligible cosmological bias of 0.007 mag.
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The Non-Gaussian Weak-Lensing Likelihood: A Multivariate Copula Construction and Impact on Cosmological Constraints
Copula-based non-Gaussian likelihoods for weak-lensing correlation functions improve large-scale agreement with simulations and can shift S8 by ~1σ on 1000 deg² surveys, with negligible shifts at stage-IV areas.
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Constraining Neutrino Mass with the Void Weak Lensing Effect
Simulations of void-shear cross-correlation demonstrate that void lensing can constrain total neutrino mass to σ(M_ν)=0.096 eV without shape noise and 0.340 eV with Stage-III-like noise.
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Quantifying Weighted Morphological Content of Large-Scale Structures via Simulation-Based Inference
Simulation-based inference on Big Sobol Sequence halos at z=0.5 shows CMD+MFs improves σ8 and Ωm precision by ~27% over MFs alone and outperforms PS by ~45% in mass-selected samples at matched scales.
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Impact of projection-induced optical selection bias on the weak lensing mass calibration of galaxy clusters
Projection-induced selection bias causes 20-50% overestimation of weak lensing masses for optically selected galaxy clusters, larger on scales >3 Mpc.
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Parity Violation in Galaxy Shapes: Primordial Non-Gaussianity
The parity-odd intrinsic alignment power spectrum probes the collapsed limit of the parity-odd primordial trispectrum and can tighten constraints on parity-violating PNG when bias parameters are calibrated from N-body simulations.
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GWTC-4.0: Constraints on the Cosmic Expansion Rate and Modified Gravitational-wave Propagation
Statistical redshifts inferred from mass spectrum features and galaxy catalogs for 142 GW events yield H0 = 76.6 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} and Ξ0 = 1.2, consistent with general relativity.
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Modeling and measuring the anisotropic halo 3-point correlation function: a coordinated study
Novel implementation of anisotropic 3PCF model and estimator tested on 298 halo catalogs shows degeneracy breaking between f and b1 in 3PCF-only analysis but limited added value in joint 2PCF+3PCF due to tree-level model shortcomings on small scales.
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LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
LSST will image 18,000 square degrees of sky about 800 times across six bands over 10 years to a coadded depth of r~27.5, producing a public database of 40 billion objects and 32 trillion observations.
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Enhancing Photometric Redshift Estimation for LSST with a Hybrid LSTM-Mixture Density Network
LSTM-MDNz improves photometric redshift point estimates and calibrated PDFs over a BNN baseline on HSC GalaxiesML, cutting outliers ~20% and enabling high-purity catalogs via z_conf.
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Cosmology-dependent covariance in galaxy cluster number counts: consequences for parameter inference
Fixing the covariance at an incorrect cosmology in cluster count analyses leaves Ω_c, σ_8, and w estimates unbiased but distorts their uncertainties, driven by S_8 amplitude effects; a single update at the recovered best-fit cosmology restores correct normalization for LSST-like surveys.